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Biomedical subjects

B Solow

Publications and source records attributed to B Solow.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Malocclusion at adolescence related to self-reported tooth loss and functional disorders in adulthood.

It has been argued that malocclusion may predispose to tooth loss and functional disorders of the masticatory system. It was the purpose of this study to examine relationships between untreated malocclusion, recorded at adolescence, and self-reported tooth loss and functional disorders in adulthood. In 1965-66, the occurrence of morphologic traits of malocclusion was recorded in 977 Danish adolescents who did not have access to organized orthodontic care. Fifteen years later, 841 (86%) of these subjects responded to a questionnaire screening for tooth loss, symptoms involving the temporomandibular joints and muscles, and some other symptoms of dysfunction. The occurrence of malocclusion was related to the symptoms of the temporomandibular joints and muscles and other functional symptoms. Only a few significant coefficients of correlation were observed. Extreme maxillary overjet (greater than 9 mm) and frontal open bite showed significant correlations with unsatisfactory biting ability. Crossbite was correlated positively with speech defects but negatively with tenderness or fatigue of the cheeks; unilateral crossbite was associated with locking of the mandible. It was concluded that the untreated morphologic traits of malocclusion did not seem to predispose to tooth loss or functional disorders of the masticatory system as reported at the age of 30 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Airway adequacy, head posture, and craniofacial morphology.

Previous studies of different samples have demonstrated associations between craniocervical angulation and craniofacial morphology, between airway obstruction by adenoids and craniofacial morphology, and between airway obstruction and craniocervical angulation. A hypothesis to account for the different sets of associations was suggested by Solow and Kreiborg in 1977. In the present study, the three sets of associations were examined in a single group of nonpathologic subjects with no history of airway obstruction. Cephalometric radiographs taken in the natural head position and rhinomanometric recordings were obtained from twenty-four children 7 to 9 years of age. Correlations were calculated between twenty-seven morphologic, eight postural, and two airway variables. A large craniocervical angle was, on the average, seen in connection with small mandibular dimensions, mandibular retrognathism, and a large mandibular inclination. Obstructed nasopharyngeal airways (defined as a small pm-ad 2 radiographic distance and a large nasal respiratory resistance, NRR, determined rhinomanometrically) were, on the average, seen in connection with a large craniocervical angle and with small mandibular dimensions, mandibular retrognathism, a large mandibular inclination, and retroclination of the upper incisors. The observed correlations were in agreement with the predicted pattern of associations between craniofacial morphology, craniocervical angulation, and airway resistance, thus suggesting the simultaneous presence of such associations in the sample of nonpathologic subjects with no history of airway obstruction.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1984

Long-term changes in hyoid bone position and craniocervical posture in complete denture wearers.

Changes in hyoid position in relation to changes in mandibular inclination and craniocervical posture were studied by roentgen cephalometrics in a sample of 24 long-term complete denture wearers over a 15-year period. The measurements were made on lateral occlusion films obtained with the subjects in the sitting position and with the head oriented according to its natural balance. The changes in mandibular inclination ranged from -5.5 degrees to 8.6 degrees, with a mean of zero. The cervical column became significantly more forward inclined (mean, 5 degrees), and the craniocervical angulation became on an average 5 degrees larger. Correlation analyses indicated that the hyoid position was influenced by two postural systems: the changes in mandibular inclination and the changes in cervical and craniocervical posture. The vertical changes in hyoid position in relation to the upper face largely followed the patterns of increase or decrease in mandibular inclination, whereas the horizontal changes mainly followed the changes in cervical inclination and craniocervical angulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A 15-year follow-up study of 30-year-old Danes with regard to orthodontic treatment experience and perceived need for treatment in a region without organized orthodontic care.

It was the aim to study orthodontic treatment experience and past and present perceived need for treatment in 30-year-old Danes who, at adolescence, had no access to organized orthodontic care. In order to identify the malocclusion traits which elicited treatment or need for treatment, the findings were related to the occurrence of various traits which had been registered in the same individuals 15 years earlier. From questionnaires (response rate 86%, n = 841) it appeared that 10% had received treatment and 20% perceived need for treatment either in childhood or at present. At adolescence, the subjects who had subsequently received treatment, displayed relatively high frequencies of ectopic eruption, anterior cross-bite, extreme maxillary overjet, deep bite, and crowding; among those who perceived need for treatment, extreme maxillary overjet, mandibular overjet and crowding were relatively prevalent.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Craniocervical morphology and posture in Australian aboriginals.

The length of the spinal column as a percentage of stature is smaller in the Australian aboriginal than in most other ethnic groups (Abbie, 1957). It is conceivable that relative lengths of the cervical column might influence population differences in craniocervical posture and craniofacial morphology. The present study aimed to elucidate this relationship by comparing head posture and craniofacial morphology in Australian aboriginals to the same features in a previously studied sample of 120 Danish students (Solow and Tallgren, 1976). The aboriginal sample consisted of 42 young male adults from the Yuendumu settlement, Northern Territory, Australia. Cephalometric films of the natural head position were taken during a field trip to the settlement. The comparison comprised 18 postural and 61 morphological variables. In the aboriginals, the cervical column was shorter and had a less pronounced lordosis. The head was held about 3 degrees lower, and the upper cervical column was 8 1/2 degrees more forward inclined. As a consequence, the craniocervical angle was about 6 degrees larger. Comparison of the craniofacial morphology in the two groups showed in the aboriginals a shorter upper facial height, a larger anterior lower facial height, and a larger vertical jaw relationship (NL/ML). The length of the posterior cranial base, s-ba, was 4 mm shorter (P less than 0.001) in the aboriginals, possibly developmentally related to the generally shorter spinal column in Australian aboriginals.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Intra- and interexaminer variability in head posture recorded by dental auxiliaries.

Determination of the natural head position is essential in the esthetic assessment of the facial profile and could be of value in prediction of facial developmental trends. Recording of head posture has previously been performed in university clinics under experimental conditions. The purpose of the present study was to examine the reliability of a method that dental auxiliaries could use for routine recording of the natural head posture in children in an orthodontic clinic. The material comprised thirty orthodontic patients 6 to 15 years of age and recorded on two occasions 1 to 35 days apart. The auxiliary staff consisted of three different operators. The duplicate cephalometric head films were analyzed separately for the groups of patients recorded by each of the three operators. The data were also divided into one group recorded by the same operator and another group recorded by different operators at the first and the second occasions. No systematic difference between the first and the second recordings was found for the patients examined by each of the three operators or for the groups examined by the same or by different operators. The error of the method for the whole group was 2.3 degrees for the position of the head in relation to the true vertical (NSL/VER), 3.1 degrees for the cervical inclination (OPT/HOR), and 3.4 degrees for the craniocervical angulation (NSL/OPT). The method was found to yield sufficient reproducibility and is suggested to be of clinical value in the study of head posture in relation to orthodontic treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

A comparison of the adult Swedish and Danish craniofacial morphology.

Two Scandinavian studies of craniofacial morphology (Ingerslev & Solow 1975, Sarnäs & Solow 1980) provided an opportunity to compare the facial profile in young adult Swedes and Danes. The Swedish and Danish samples were similar with regard to age distribution, sample size, dental conditions and radiographic procedures. For each sex, 32 skeletal dimensions were common to both studies, and were compared by t-tests. There was a tendency for the average linear dimensions of the Swedish males to be larger than those of the Danish males, whereas the average linear dimensions of the Swedish females tended to be smaller than those of the Danish females. Both Swedish males and females showed a larger average inclination of the mandibular plane in relation to the anterior cranial base and palatal plane than the Danes, and a smaller inclination of the lower incisors to the mandibular plane.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Rhinomanometric recording in children.

The present paper describes the development of a method for rhinomanometric assessment of nasal respiratory resistance in children, based on a commercially available equipment, the Mercury Nasal Resistance Meter, NR 1. The instrument was modified to improve performance, and a special technique was developed for individual lining of the nose mask. The posterior rhinomanometric tehnique was further modified by fitting the oral tubing with a collar, and by the use of a bio-feedback procedure based on oscilloscope display of the flow-pressure diagram. It could then be used in all subjects, a considerable improvement over previous methods. The error of the method was analysed in a sample of 17 children aged 8-12 examined at two occasions. There was no systematic error. For the posterior method the method error within a session was about 0.2 cm H2O/l/sec at a flow rate of 0.2 l/sec.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1979

Basic method for recording occlusal traits.

This article describes a basic method for the recording of malocclusion that has been developed jointly by the World Health Organization and the International Dental Federation. The method was developed and field-tested in the period 1969-78 and should provide investigators and health authorities with a common basis for assessing the prevalence of malocclusion in various parts of the world. It should also serve as a basic reference tool in the development of methods for assessing the need and demand for orthodontic treatment.

Dental Records↗
PubMed1977

Dentoalveolar morphology in relation to craniocervical posture.

The associations between dentoalveolar morphology and the posture of the head and the cervical column were studied in a sample of 120 Danish male students aged 22-30 years. Two head positions were recorded on lateral cephalometric radiographs, one determined by the subjects's own feeling of a natural head balance (self balance position) and the other by the subject looking straight into a mirror (mirror position). Dentoalveolar morphology was described by 17 linear and angular variables and postural relationships by 18 angular variables. The position of the head in relation to the cervical column showed positive correlations with the anterior upper and lower dentoalveolar heights and with the inclinations of the upper and lower occlusal planes. These correlations were considered to reflect the dentoalveolar compensatory adaptation to the variation in vertical jaw relationship, which in a previous study had been found to be associated with craniocervical angulation. No associations were observed between craniocervical angulation and alveolar prognathism or incisor inclination. This was in accordance with the previous findings of a lack of associations between sagittal jaw relationship and craniocervical angulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Head posture and craniofacial morphology.

The associations between craniofacial morphology and the posture of the head and the cervical column were examined in a sample of 120 Danish male students aged 22-30 years. Two head positions were recorded on lateral cephalometric radiographs, one determined by the subject's own feeling of a natural head balance (self balance position), and the other by the subject looking straight into a mirror (mirror position). Craniofacial morphology was described by 42 linear and angular variables, and postural relationships by 18 angular variables. A comprehensive set of correlations was found between craniofacial morphology and head posture. The correlations were similar for both head positions investigated. Of the postural variables, the position of the head in relation to the cervical column showed the largest set of correlations with craniofacial morphology. Extension of the head in relation to the cervical column was found in connection with large anterior and small posterior facial heights, small antero-posterior craniofacial dimensions, large inclination of the mandible to the anterior cranial base and to the nasal plane, facial retrognathism, a large cranial base angle, and a small nasopharyngeal space. The possible role of functional factors in mediating the relationship between morphology and posture was discussed.

Adult↗