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Biomedical subjects

B Solow

Publications and source records attributed to B Solow.

72 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Sex differences in craniofacial morphology.

An x-ray cephalometric study was performed in a male and a female group of Danish dental students with the object of examining the sex-determined component of the cranial morphology, and of obtaining a control material for subsequent studies of pathologic samples. The cranial morphology was examined on the basis of measurements on x-ray cephalometric lateral and postero-anterior radiographs. The cranium was, on an average, smaller in the female than the male group except as regards the nasal bone, the foramen magnum and the inner orbital distance. The female group showed a more prominent frontal bone, and a less prominent nasal bone, than the male group.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of the nasopharyngeal airway. A rhinomanometric and radiographic study in children with adenoids.

An assessment of the nasopharyngeal airway in 24 children referred to hospital for adenoidectomy was based on symptoms, radiography and rhinomanometry. The only symptom that was significantly correlated to a small size of the nasopharyngeal airway was Snoring. By radiography, measurement of the airway as well as of the depth of soft tissue of the posterior wall was found well correlated to nasal respiratory resistance which was measured by a new technique. By this, rhinomanometry could be performed in all children down to the age of 5 years. Both radiography and rhinomanometry give valuable parameters for the indication of adenoidectomy.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of automatic prescriptions on reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.

CONTEXT: Compliance with the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines for secondary prevention of atherosclerotic disease has been poor. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an automatic prescription would improve compliance with NCEP guidelines on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol for secondary prevention of atherosclerotic disease. DESIGN: Observational study in which physicians chose whether to use an automatic prescription system. PATIENTS: 126 patients with established coronary or cerebrovascular disease whose LDL cholesterol level was greater than 100 mg/dL. INTERVENTION: By signing the automatic prescription, physicians allowed the study team (medical director and pharmacist) to change lipid-lowering medications. One member of the team then contacted the patient, advising him or her of any changes to medications and treatment. The patient was told that his or her doctor was recommending this change on the basis of recent laboratory tests. OUTCOME MEASURES: The proportion of patients reaching the LDL cholesterol goal of 100 mg/dL or less. RESULTS: Physicians used the automatic prescription for 25 patients. Eighteen of the 25 patients in the intervention group (72.0%) achieved the LDL cholesterol goal compared with only 43 of the 101 controls (42.6%) (P = 0.004). After adjustment for differences in age, sex, triglyceride levels, total cholesterol levels, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and preintervention LDL cholesterol levels, the likelihood of achieving the LDL cholesterol goal was 1.74 times higher in the automatic prescription group than in the control group (P = 0.025). CONCLUSION: An automatic prescription can help physicians comply with the NCEP guidelines.

Anticholesteremic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cranial base angulation and prognathism related to cranial and general skeletal maturation in human fetuses.

The purpose of the present study was to describe normal midsagittal craniofacial morphology in second trimester human fetuses. Measurements of the cranial base angle and the prognathism of the maxilla and the mandible were performed on radiographs of cranial midsagittal tissue blocks of 52 fetuses with a gestational age from 13 to 27 weeks. Special procedures were developed for the definitions of the nasion and sella reference points on the radiographs in the early stages of fetal development. Mean data were reported for stages of crown rump length (CRL) and maturation of the fetal cranial base (MSS), usable as reference in assessment of pathological fetal crania in reports and autopsy procedures. Regression equations were determined for the regression of the angular values on CRL, MSS, and general skeletal maturation (TNO). The cranial base angle was found to decrease significantly, and the angles of prognathism to increase significantly with increasing CRL, TNO, and MSS values. It was suggested that these simultaneous and similar changes in the three angles could be accounted for by the upwards movement of the sella point produced by a cranial displacement of the pituitary fossa caused by local cartilagenous growth and bony remodelling during the period of study. The study thus reflects the influence of cranial skeletal maturation on the early development in shape of the craniofacial complex.

Cephalometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Midsagittal dimensions of the prenatal human cranium.

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the linear dimensions of the cranial base and the anterior facial heights in the median plane of human fetal crania during the second trimester. The distances measured were related to gestational age (GA), crown-rump length (CRL) and maturation stages of the cranial base (MSS). The material comprised midsagittal tissue blocks of the crania from 52 normal human fetuses aged 13 to 22 weeks GA with CRL from 78 to 230 mm and cranial base maturation from MSS 3 to MSS 7. The measurements of the cranial and facial dimensions were performed on radiographs of these tissue blocks. The study confirmed previous observations regarding the dimensional increase in the linear dimensions of the cranial base and the upper facial height in the second trimester. The assessment of absolute changes was further supplemented by an analysis of the percentage changes. This analysis showed that the percentage changes from MSS 3 to MSS 7 of the linear dimensions of the cranial base and the upper facial heights were similar. On the other hand, the percentage increase in the lower anterior facial height during the second trimester was found to be much larger than that of the cranial base and the upper anterior facial height. It is suggested that this is related to the marked increase of the tooth germs during the period and the concurrent growth of the alveolar processes. Standards for normal prenatal cranial dimensions in relation to stages of maturation in the midsagittal cranial base were provided. These data may be of value for use in prenatal diagnostics.

Cephalometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prenatal sagittal growth of the osseous components of the human palate.

The human osseous palate consists of the palatine processes of the maxillary bone anterior to the transverse palatine suture and the horizontal processes of the palatine bone posterior to the suture. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the sagittal growth of these different bone components bordering the transverse palatine suture. The material comprised radiographs of cranial midsagittal tissue blocks from 44 human fetal specimens obtained by legally approved abortions. Gestational age (GA) ranged from 10 to 26 weeks and crown-rump lengths (CRLs) from 50 to 240 mm. The lengths of the maxillary and palatine components of the hard palate were measured with a digital caliper on 3x-enlarged projections of the radiographs. A significant increase in the lengths of both palatal components occurred during the period investigated. Regression analysis on GA showed a linear course of the growth curve in the period studied and gave indirect evidence of a curvilinear shape in the period preceeding the one studied. Growth rates for the palatal dimensions were found to be proportional to that of CRL. The increase in total length resulted predominantly from an increase in the anteroposterior dimension of the maxillary component.

Cranial Sutures↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Growth in the lateral part of the human skull during the second trimester.

The aim of the present study was to report dimensional changes in the lateral part of the prenatal human skull during the second trimester. The sample comprised 37 fetuses obtained in connection with requested autopsy. Gestational ages (GA) were available for 27 fetuses, ranging from 13 to 24 weeks. Crown-rump lengths (CRL) of 23 fetuses ranged from 78 to 228 mm. For 21 fetuses both CRL and GA were available. After excision of the midsagittal segment of the skulls by two paramedian sections from the frontal bone to the foramen magnum through the optic foramina, an incision was made through the middle of the occipital squama, bisecting the skull. The present study was based on the skull components of the resulting 74 lateral cranial tissue blocks. The tissue blocks were radiographed with a Hewlett Packard Faxitron unit. Seven reference points were digitized from each film and eight linear dimensions were calculated. Method errors ranged from 0.12 mm to 0.52 mm. The dimensions were related to crown-rump length (CRL) and lateral segment developmental stages (LSS). The increases in the linear dimensions of the anterior part of the lateral skull segments were similar to those found previously for the median skull segment. The dimensions of the anterior part of the lateral skull segments were found to increase by 150% during the second trimester, while those of the posterior part increased by 100% during the same period. Between maturity stages LSS 4 and 5 the dimensions increased by 30-50%, whereas less increase was observed between stages 5, 6, 7, and 8. This reduction was attributed to the progressive ossification of the cranial base. The almost horizontal distance from the mandibular condyle (condylion) to the anterior tympanic ring did not change significantly during the second trimester. Comparison of the bilateral skull segments showed no systematic asymmetry, but a significant individual biological variability in symmetry with standard deviations of 0.7-1.8 mm was found.

Cephalometry↗