Biomedical subjects

B Vandvik

Publications and source records attributed to B Vandvik.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1986

Multimodal evoked responses and cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal immunoglobulins in patients with multiple sclerosis.

One hundred patients with possible, probable and definite multiple sclerosis (MS) were examined with somatosensory (SER), visual (VER) and brain stem auditory (BAER) evoked responses. Paired samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum were examined with agarose gel electrophoresis to detect intrathecally synthesized oligoclonal immunoglobin bands. Comparison of the number of abnormal CSF and evoked response tests showed that the CSF examination was slightly more sensitive in all diagnostic groups when compared to the results of multimodal evoked responses but that the two sets of test were in part supplementary. Oligoclonal immunoglobulin bands in the CSF were present in all patients with a duration of the disease of less than six months. VER seemed to be the most sensitive of the evoked tests in this particular group of patients.

Brain Stem↗

PubMed1985

Long-term persistence of intrathecal virus-specific antibody responses after herpes simplex virus encephalitis.

Paired sera and cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from nine surviving patients were collected 4.5 to 8 years after acute herpes simplex (HS) virus encephalitis. Oligoclonal bands of IgG were detected in the CSF of all, and seven patients had an elevated CSF IgG index. Antibodies to HS, varicella-zoster (VZ), measles, and cytomegalo viruses were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by imprint immunofixation (IIF) of specimens separated by electrophoresis and by thin-layer electrofocusing. Intrathecal synthesis of HS and VZ IgG antibodies was demonstrated in all and of measles IgG antibodies in one patient by both methods. Intrathecal synthesis of HS IgA antibodies was demonstrated by ELISA in three and by IIF in seven patients; the latter method also disclosed intrathecal synthesis of VZ IgA antibodies in two. No patient had intrathecal synthesis of viral IgM antibodies. The intrathecally synthesized antibodies demonstrated by IIF displayed oligoclonal characteristics. The IIF analyses as well as virus absorption tests indicated that the intrathecally synthesized VZ IgG and IgA antibodies could be explained as HS antibodies cross-reacting with VZV. The results indicate that a long-term persistence of intrathecal antibody responses to HS virus is a common feature after acute HS encephalitis. The intrathecal production of measles IgG antibodies in one case may reflect a similar persistence of non-specific immune responses induced during the acute infection.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Late sequelae after meningococcal disease. A controlled study in young men.

The occurrence of sequelae 3-15 years after meningococcal disease has been investigated in a study on 71 patients and 64 controls. The patients were young men, aged 18 to 24 years at the time the disease was contracted. Participants filled in a questionnaire on possible symptoms. Audiometry and EEG were also carried out. The response rates were 84% among patients and 75% among controls. We found that 61% of the patients had one or more symptoms of possible sequelae compared to 20% in the control group (p less than 0.001). The symptoms were generally light and of mental or neurological type. Among the patients 13% stated that they had obvious complaints commonly attributed to meningococcal disease, compared to 2% only in the controls (p less than 0.05). Twenty-nine per cent of the patients stated that the disease had affected their education or working capacity. No statistical differences between patients and controls were demonstrated by audiological or EEG examinations. In only one single ear could deafness unequivocally be attributed to the disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Late sequelae after meningococcal disease as related to anamnestic and clinical factors recorded during the acute illness.

In 71 males who survived acute meningococcal disease 3 to 15 years ago at an age of about 20, associations between acute clinical conditions (including a few pre- and post-admission variables) and late sequelae have been studied. There was a higher rate of sequelae symptoms (mainly light neurological and mental disturbances) among survivors from meningitis (76%) than among those who had had both meningitis and septicemia (58%) or pure septicemia (50%). Twenty percent of control persons experienced such symptoms. "Changed Life" because of serious educational and working problems followed in 29% of the meningitis cases and 70% of the septicemia cases. Most of the clinical and laboratory factors separately examined were not significantly correlated to the sequelae rates. However, less than 2.5 mmol/l glucose in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on admission (p less than 0.01), more than 1000 X 10(6) white blood cells per 1 in the cerebrospinal fluid (p less than 0.05), fever for more than 8 days (p less than 0.05), and probable cerebral symptoms the first week (p less than 0.05), were all positively correlated to a high rate of late sequelae. Well documented early sequelae correlated with serious late sequelae (p = 0.05). No conspicuous associations between acute antibiotic treatment and late sequelae were found. A combination of CSF glucose, blood thrombocytes, and cells in CSF on admission yielded a multiple regression score which seems to be a moderately reliable predictor of sequelae (R = 0.46). Hospital treatment should both aim at avoiding death and escaping residual effects. Because many prognostic factors for sequelae on admission are different from those for lethality, scoring for sequelae may be helpful in such secondary prevention of sequelae. Early standardized registration of sequelae may also be of value in tertiary prevention.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1983

Imprint immunofixation of electrofocused immunoglobulins.

An imprint immunofixation (IIF) technique for the characterization of electrofocused immunoglobulins (Ig) is described. Electrofocused proteins are blotted (imprinted) from the separating polyacrylamide gel to agarose gels by gel-to-gel overlays. The protein imprints are chemically fixed in the agarose gels with a solution of 46% methanol, 8% acetic acid and 46% water. The imprinted Ig are then identified radioimmunologically, using an indirect system with monoclonal mouse anti-human Ig antibodies in the first layer and 125I-labelled rabbit anti-mouse Ig in the second, followed by autoradiography. The method is sensitive and permits characterization of Ig in unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid. By sequential imprinting, each separated specimen can be characterized for up to 10 separate antigenic determinants without loss of sensitivity.

Autoradiography↗

PubMed1983

Multiple sclerosis: subclasses of intrathecally synthesized IgG and measles and varicella zoster virus IgG antibodies.

Paired samples of serum and concentrated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 20 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 10 controls with no central nervous system disease were electrofocused and analysed for IgG and measles and varicella zoster virus IgG antibodies by imprint immunofixation using IgG subclass specific monoclonal antibodies. All but one of the MS patients had intrathecally synthesized bands of oligoclonal IgG in the CSF. In fifteen of the MS patients the oligoclonal IgG bands were restricted to the IgG1 subclass. Intrathecal synthesis of both IgG1 and IgG3 bands was observed in three, and of IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 bands in one patient. Fourteen and 15 of the MS patients displayed intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal varicella zoster and measles virus specific IgG1 antibodies, respectively, and no serum or CSF sample contained antibodies of other IgG subclasses to these viruses. Low levels of polyclonal IgG1 antibodies to measles or varicella zoster viruses were detected in serum and CSF from the controls; none displayed evidence of intrathecal antibody synthesis. These findings are discussed in relation to theories of specific and non-specific intrathecal immune responses in MS.

Antibodies, Viral↗

PubMed1983

Characterization of classes of intrathecally synthesized antibodies by imprint immunofixation of electrophoretically separated sera and cerebrospinal fluids.

The use of imprint immunofixation (IIF) method to identify IgG, IgA and IgM classes of microbial antibodies in electrophoretically separated sera and cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) is described. The method was applied to the analysis of intrathecal antibody responses in mumps meningitis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), neurosyphilis and multiple sclerosis (MS). Intrathecally synthesized mumps virus-specific IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies were demonstrated in the CSF of patients with mumps meningitis. The intrathecally synthesized IgG and IgM antibodies displayed oligoclonal characteristics, while the IgA antibodies appeared to be mainly polyclonal. The intrathecal measles antibody responses in SSPE appeared to be confined to IgG antibodies. In neurosyphilis, the intrathecal treponemal antibody response was predominantly of the IgG class, but IgA antibodies were demonstrated in two of nine patients. Intrathecally synthesized IgG antibodies to measles and/or varicella-zoster viruses were demonstrated in 17 of 18 patients with MS; IgA or IgM antibodies to these viruses were not detected.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗

PubMed1982

Neurosyphilis: intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal antibodies to Treponema pallidum.

Oligoclonal IgG was present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of each of three patients with neurosyphilis studied. Conventional serological tests disclosed reduced serum/CSF ratios of antibodies to Treponema pallidum (TP) in each patient, consistent with intrathecal production of treponemal antibodies. Antibody analyses of electrofocused specimens by an immunofixation technique disclosed intrathecal production of oligoclonal TP antibodies in all patients. Treponemal antibody light chains showed a close correlation with the light chains of the oligoclonal CSF IgG. Absorption of the CSF with TP caused removal of the oligoclonal IgG. The results provide strong evidence that the oligoclonal CSF IgG in neurosyphilis represents TP antibodies, reflecting a specific immune response in the central nervous system to the infectious agent.

Aged↗

PubMed1982

Herpes simplex virus encephalitis: intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal virus-specific IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies.

Paired specimens of serum and CSF from seven patients with acute herpes simplex virus encephalitis were examined during the acute illness or the convalescent stage or during both stages. Imprint immunofixation analyses of viral antibodies separated by agarose electrophoresis and by electrofocusing disclosed intrathecal production of herpes simplex virus IgG antibodies in all seven patients, and of IgA and IgM antibodies in six and three of six patients, respectively. Intrathecal production of herpes simplex virus-specific IgG and IgA was observed in two patients from whom samples were collected after 1 year, while intrathecal production of virus-specific IgM was not demonstrated later than 5 weeks after onset. The intrathecally synthesized IgG and IgM, and to a lesser extent IgA antibodies displayed oligoclonal characteristics. Oligoclonal bands of IgG were observed in the CSF of all patients. Evidence is presented to show that the bulk of the oligoclonal CSF IgG represents herpes simplex virus-specific antibodies. Intrathecally synthesized populations of herpes simplex virus antibodies cross-reacting with varicella-zoster virus were identified in three of the patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

Multiple sclerosis. Electrofocused "bands" of oligoclonal CSF IgG do not carry antibody activity against measles, varicella-zoster or rotaviruses.

Electrofocused serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were analysed for immunoglobulins (Ig) and for antibodies to measles, varicella-zoster and rotaviruses by an imprint immunofixation method. Patterns of intrathecally synthesized antibodies to the 3 viruses differed from patterns of oligoclonal IgG in the CSF. A variable proportion of virus antibody bands (average 19% for measles antibodies, 8% for varicella-zoster antibodies, 31% for rotavirus antibodies) displayed isoelectric points identical to bands of IgG, but absorption with measles, varicella-zoster and rotavirus antigens produced no change in the bands of IgG and no quantifiable decrease of the CSF IgG. The results confirm previous evidence that the intrathecally synthesized viral antibodies so far demonstrated in MS are not carried by the oligoclonal bands of CSF IgG and account for only a minor fraction of the CSF IgG.

Antibodies, Viral↗

PubMed1982

Mumps meningitis: specific and non-specific antibody responses in the central nervous system.

Intrathecal production of oligoclonal mumps-specific IgG was demonstrated in nine out of 10 children with mumps meningitis by imprint immunofixation (IIF) of sera and cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) separated by agarose electropheresis and by thin-layer electrofocusing. Four of the patients had intrathecal mumps antibody synthesis demonstrable also by conventional serological tests. Oligoclonal CSF IgG was demonstrable by agarose electrophoresis in four of the patients. A dominance of lambda over k type oligoclonal Ig and mumps antibodies was observed in the CSF of three of these patients. The bulk of the oligoclonal CSF IgG was concluded to represent mumps-specific antibodies on the basis of the IIF as well as virus absorption analysis. Intrathecal production of oligoclonal IgG antibodies to one, two, or three other (measles, rubella, herpes simplex) viruses was demonstrated by IIF in four patients. These antibodies were not associated with the oligoclonal CSF IgG present in three of the patients. It is concluded that a specific intrathecal IgG antibody response is a common feature in children with mumps meningitis. This response sometimes reaches a magnitude that permits detection of oligoclonal IgG in the CSF. In some patients, the specific response appears to be associated with a non-specific activation of cells producing antibodies of other (unrelated) specificity.

Antibodies, Viral↗

PubMed1981

Antibodies against measles virus polypeptides in different disease conditions.

The occurrence of antibodies to the nucleoprotein and matrix (M) antigens of measles virus was determined in early and late measles convalescent sera and in sera from patients with multiple sclerosis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, chronic active hepatitis, and atypical measles. Antibodies to the two components were identified separately in serially diluted samples both by radioimmune precipitation assays and by complement fixation tests employing purified nucleoprotein and M components as antigens. The antibody response to M antigen in connection with acute infections was weak, and with time titers of antibodies to M antigen were reduced below detectable levels in most cases. A different situation was seen in patients with atypical measles. A pronounced antibody response to M antigen was shown to be a part of the generally accentuated immune response in these patients. Confirming results of others, it was shown that in spite of the increased antibody titers against most measles components in sera from patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, no or only low titers of antibodies to M antigen were present. However, a similar representation of antibodies to measles virus components was also seen in sera from patients with active chronic hepatitis. The significance of this finding for the interpretation of a weak antibody response to M antigen in the presence of a pronounced antibody response to other components is discussed.

Antibodies, Viral↗

PubMed1980

Viral and bacterial antibody responses in multiple sclerosis.

An imprint electroimmunofixation method (IEIF) was used to characterize antibodies to eight viral antigens (measles, mumps, rubella, herpes simplex type 1, varicella-zoster, vaccinia, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus) and four bacterial antigens (beta-hemolytic streptococcus, Hemophilus influenzae type B, Escherichia coli, enterococcus) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 12 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Twelve patients matched for age and sex sex served as controls. Evidence for intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal antibodies to one or more antigens was found in all 12 MS patients and in 1 of the controls. In the MS group, antibodies to viruses with neurotropic properties were more frequently associated with local synthesis than antibodies to other viruses and bacteria. The types and number of locally synthesized antibodies showed no correlation with disease duration and severity. The antibodies were not associated with oligoclonal CSF IgG and appear to account for only a minor fraction of the locally synthesized CSF IgG in MS.

Adenoviruses, Human↗

PubMed1979

Optic neuritis: local synthesis in the central nervous system of oligoclonal antibodies to measles, mumps, rubella, and herpes simplex viruses.

Antibodies to measles, mumps, rubella and herpes simplex type 1 viruses in serum and CSF of 10 patients with acute monosymptomatic optic neuritis were characterized by imprint electro-immunofixation (IEIF). Comparisons of the IEIF antibody patterns in serum and CSF indicated that a local synthesis in the central nervous system of oligoclonal virus antibodies took place in five of the 10 patients. Three of the five patients had a local synthesis of antibody to more than one type of virus. Oligoclonal IgG was detected by agarose electrophoresis of the CSF in four of the five patients with a local synthesis of virus antibodies. There was, however, no association between the locally synthesized antibodies and the oligoclonal CSF IgG, indicating that they account for only a minor fraction of the locally synthesized IgG in these patients. In the fifth patient, distinct fractions of locally synthesized virus-specific oligoclonal Ig were detected by the IEIF method, although the agarose electrophoresis showed a normal pattern of CSF IgG.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Transient B cell immaturity with intractable diarrhoea: a possible new immunodeficiency syndrome.

A male boy is described, who suffered from an intractable diarrhoea and several infections and who died in a severe marasmic state at the age of 8 months. Immunological studies revealed a block in the normal differentiation of B cells to Ig-producing plasma cells. After the age of 5 months, however, this block disappeared, leading to a dramatic increase in circulating Ig, most pronounced in the IgM class. In the intestine, plasma cells could only be detected after the age of 5 months, and then with a marked preponderance of IgM cells. Our results thus indicate a reversible block in the normal maturation of B cells in our patient. An older brother may have had a similar disease, suggesting a possible genetic basis for the disorder.

B-Lymphocytes↗

PubMed1978

Demonstration of electrophoretically restricted virus-specific antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid by imprint electroimmunofixation.

A sensitive technique for the electrophoretic characterization of virus-specific antibodies is described. Electrophoretically separated Ig is allowed to diffuse into a virus-antigen containing gel. The antibodies bound to viral antigen are then demonstrated by 125I-labelled rabbit antihuman Ig and autoradiography. Electrophoretically restricted antibodies against measles, rubella, mumps or herpes simplex viruses were demonstrated in some normal sera. The antibody patterns of normal cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) closely resembled those of the matching sera. A selective increase of oligoclonal antibodies was demonstrated in CSF from patients with infection of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by any of the four viruses. We propose that the method may be used to demonstrate local synthesis in the CNS of antibodies against viral or other antigens.

Antibodies, Viral↗

PubMed1978

Multiple sclerosis: local synthesis of electrophoretically restricted measles, rubella, mumps and herpes simplex virus antibodies in the central nervous system.

An imprint electroimmunofixation (IEIF) technique was used to study measles, rubella, mumps and herpes simplex virus antibodies in serum and concentrated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from ten patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Electrophoretically restricted virus-specific antibodies were detected in sera or CSF from nine of the ten patients. Comparison of the antibody patterns in matching serum and CSF samples indicated that electrophoretically restricted populations of antibody against one or more of the four viruses were produced locally in the central nervous system of nine patients. No association between the locally produced antibody populations the oligoclonal IgG of the CSF could be demonstrated. The virus-specific antibodies studied thus seem to constitute only a minor fraction of the total IgG of the CSF from MS patients.

Antibodies, Viral↗

PubMed1978

Progressive rubella virus panencephalitis: synthesis of oligoclonal virus-specific IgG antibodies and homogeneous free light chains in the central nervous system.

The occurrence of oligoclonal IgG and homogeneous free lambda light chains in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a patient with progressive rubella virus panencephalitis is reported. Fractions of oligoclonal IgG corresponding to those of the CSF occurred also in the serum. Evidence is presented that the oligoclonal IgG of serum and CSF represent rubella virus-specific antibodies. Different populations of oligoclonal IgG appear to be associated with antibody specificities to different antigenic components of the virus.

Adolescent↗