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Biomedical subjects

B Vandvik

Publications and source records attributed to B Vandvik.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Quantitation of diphtheria and tetanus antibodies by reversed rocket immunoelectrophoresis.

A reversed rocket immunoelectrophoresis technique, applying serum samples to antigen-containing gel, is described for quantitation of human antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus. Lowering of the pH of the buffer from 8.6 to 5.2 increased the height of the rockets, but also resulted in more non-specific precipitation. This smudging could be removed by dextran sulphate precipitation of the sera, a necessity when quantitating sera with small concentrations of anti-bodies. The merits of this method are discussed in relation to other in vitro as well as in vivo methods. The method was found to be reproducible, rapid, cheap and sensitive, and to require small samples of serum.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Measles virus antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders, with special reference to measles antibody synthesis within the central nervous system.

Measles virus hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) and gel precipitating (GP) antibodies were determined in sera and cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from 65 patinets with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 65 patients with other neurological diseases. The serological results were correlated to content of immunoglobulin-G (IgG) and electrophoretic patterns of sera and CSF. Measles GP antibodies, identified as directed against measles virus ribonucleoprotein antigens, were detected in sera and in CSF from a significantly higher proportion of MS than of non-MS patients. No significant difference between the 2 groups of patients was found for measles HI antibodies. Reduced serum/CSF HI and/or GP antibody ratios were found in about one half of the MS patients and in 2 patients with chronic myelopathy. All patients with reduced antibody ratios had evidence of IgG synthesis within the central nervous system (CNS), as inferred from oligoclonal IgG patterns of the CSF. Reduced ratios of measles GP antibodies were 3 times as common as reduced ratios of HI antibodies. Immunoelectrophoretic assays indicated that the CSF GP antibodies were electrophoretically restricted in a number of MS patients. The results indicate that measles virus may be an active immunogen within the CNS in many MS patients and in some patients with chronic myelopathy, giving rise to an oligoclonal IgG antibody response.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Needle-like crystals in plasma cells in a patient with a plasma cell proliferative disorder.

A patient with a plasma cell proliferative disorder and a monoclonal IgG-kappa protein in the serum was observed over a period of four years. Two unusual features were seen in this patient: (1) An apparently benign course in spite of relatively large and slowly increasing amounts of Bence Jones protein (monoclonal kappa light chains) in the urine, and (2) crystalline structures located outside the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum in a large number of bone marrow plasma cells. The crystals, which ultrastructurally appeared to be composed of protein material, were not stained by immunofluorescent antisera to immunoglobulins. They were, however, observed only in cells staining for gamma heavy and kappa light chains. This suggest an association between the crystalline structures and the synthesis of monoclonal immunoglobulin proteins.

Bence Jones Protein↗
PubMed1975

Determination of measles virus-specific nucleocapsid antibodies by means of counterimmunoelectrophoresis.

A counterimmunoelectrophoretic method for quantitative determination of antibodies against measles virus nucleocapsid is described. Unfractionated material from measles virus infected cell cultures was used as antigen, diluted to give only a nucleocapsid-specific precipitate. Purified nucleocapsid and a rabbit hyperimmune serum against this antigen was used to establish the specificity of the test. The measles virus specific antibody titres determined by the method were comparable to those found in nucleocapsid complement fixation tests. It is concluded that the technique described offers a simple and sensitive method to determine nucleocapsid specific antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Comparison of antibodies against different viruses in cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples from patients with multiple sclerosis.

The occurrence of a local production in the central nervous system (CNS) of antibodies against different selected viruses was analyzed by comparison of titers in serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples from groups of 50 patients with multiple sclerosis from Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Measles antibodies were determined in hemagglutination inhibition, hemolysis inhibition, and nucleocapsid complement fixation tests; mumps, parainfluenza virus type 1, and rubella virus antibodies were determined in hemagglutination inhibition tests; and herpes simplex virus type 1 antibodies were determined in passive hemagglutination tests. For reference purposes tests were also made for adenovirus antibodies in penton hemagglutination enhancement tests and poliovirus antibodies in neutralization enhancement tests. Among the 150 multiple sclerosis patients, a local production of antibodies against measles virus was found in the CNS in 57%, against rubella virus in 19%, mumps virus in 15%, herpes simplex virus type 1 in 11%, and parainfluenza virus type 1 (Sendai) in 3%. A local production in the CNS of antibodies against any of the viruses studied was found in 71% of multiple sclerosis patients. These included 48, 16, and 7% that produced antibodies to one, two, and three or more viruses, respectively.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1973

Oligoclonal IgG antibody response in the central nervous system to different measles virus antigens in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Agarose electrophoresis of cerebrospinal fluid from two patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis revealed in both cases several homogeneous bands in the intermediate and basic gammaglobulin region. The bands were identified as IgG with various degrees of kappa or lambda light-chain restriction in crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Homogeneous IgG bands were separated by preparative agarose electrophoresis and were found to represent measles virus-specific antibodies. Antibody activities against different virus products (hemolysin, hemagglutinin, and nucleocapsids) were carried by different populations of IgG. In both cerebrospinal fluid materials, antibodies to the virus hemolysin and to virus nucleocapsids were found to be relatively more basic than the antibodies to virus hemagglutinin, which appeared in the basic intermediate gammaglobulin region. We conclude that the oligoclonal IgG bands in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis represent homogeneous measles virus antibodies. In some instances, the IgG bands appeared to fulfill criteria of monoclonality on the basis of their electrophoretic homogeneity, selective light-chain type, and specific antibody activity.

Antibodies, Viral↗