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B Z Locke

Publications and source records attributed to B Z Locke.

41 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
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Estimating the prevalence of mental disorders in U.S. adults from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Survey.

The National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area Survey is a comprehensive, community-based survey of mental disorders and use of services by adults, ages 18 and older. Diagnoses are based on the criteria in the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders," third edition, and were obtained in five communities in the United States through lay-interviewer administration of the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Results from the survey provide the public health field with data on the prevalence and incidence of specific mental disorders in the community, unbiased by the treatment status of the sample. The population with disorders is estimated, and the survey findings that respond to some of the most common requests for information about the epidemiology of mental disorders in the United States are highlighted briefly. Based on the survey, it is estimated that one of every five persons in the United States suffers from a mental disorder in any 6-month period, and that one of every three persons suffers a disorder in his or her lifetime. Fewer than 20 percent of those with a recent mental disorder seek help for their problem, according to the survey. High rates of comorbid substance abuse and mental disorders were found, particularly among those who had sought treatment for their disorders.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
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Suicide attempts in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study.

This study examines risk factors for attempted suicide in the general community. Data from the five-site NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Study were used to estimate lifetime prevalence and identify risk factors for suicide attempts. Occurrence of suicide attempts and lifetime diagnosis of psychiatric disorder were ascertained, using the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). Of 18,571 adult respondents aged 18 and over, 2.9 percent reported that they had attempted suicide at some time in their lives. A weighted logistic regression model was constructed to ascertain significant (p less than .0028 with Bonferroni correction) risk factors for attempted suicide. Persons who had a lifetime diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder had the highest risk of attempted suicide (odds ratio [OR] = 8.4). Females (OR = 3.3), separated or divorced persons (OR = 2.5), Whites (OR = 1.7), persons in the two lowest socioeconomic quartiles (ORs = 2.2, 2.3), and respondents from the Los Angeles ECA (OR = 1.8) were also more likely to have attempted suicide. These findings contribute to an understanding of suicide and suicidal behavior in general populations, outside the clinical setting.

Adolescent↗
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The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program of the National Institute of Mental Health.

We hope that the ECA Program can make a significant, and perhaps unique, contribution to the field of psychiatric epidemiology and to mental health services research. If the Program provides total true prevalence data on mental disorders according to the latest diagnostic criteria, that in itself will be a significant contribution. Such data should be of enormous benefit to those interested in etiology as well as those interested in health services research. For researchers interested in etiology, the data can be used to identify, by comparison, high-risk groups; for those interested in health services research, the results can serve as a health planning guide that does not depend on the presence or absence of treatment facilities in a given area. Incidence data will be the second major contribution of the ECA Program. Its two-wave design enhances the study of incidence, etiology, and the natural history of disorders and also allows study of the social behavior of persons entering treatment for mental disorders--a subject important to health planners. Finally, a significant result of the ECA Program may be the establishment of a viable standardized methodology for the epidemiologic study of mental disorders by means of which demonstrably replicable results can be produced. Once we demonstrate the equivalence of method and results, then the stage is set for comparative studies of all sorts.

Catchment Area, Health↗