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Biomedical subjects

C A Bryant

Publications and source records attributed to C A Bryant.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Improving the accuracy of burn-surface estimation.

A user-friendly computer-assisted method of calculating total body surface area burned (TBSAB) has been developed. This method is more accurate, faster, and subject to less error than conventional methods. For comparison, the ability of 30 physicians to estimate TBSAB was tested. Parameters studied included the effect of prior burn care experience, the influence of burn size, the ability to accurately sketch the size of burns on standard burn charts, and the ability to estimate percent TBSAB from the sketches. Despite the ability for physicians of all levels of training to accurately sketch TBSAB, significant burn size over-estimation (p less than 0.01) and large interrater variability of potential consequence was noted. Direct benefits of a computerized system are many. These include the need for minimal user experience and the ability for wound-trend analysis, permanent record storage, calculation of fluid and caloric requirements, hemodynamic parameters, and the ability to compare meaningfully the different treatment protocols.

Body Surface Area↗
PubMed1985

Electric burns of the oral cavity.

Low-voltage electric burns are the leading cause of electric burn injury in childhood and can result in an injury to the oral cavity that can heal with a noticeable deformity. The mechanisms of burn injuries to the oral cavity are either due to the electric arc or current or both. Electric burns of the oral cavity can involve the lip, tongue, mucous membranes, and underlying bone. Therapy for these injuries should include management of systemic sequelae and treatment of the local burn injury. Our therapeutic approach to this injury is dictated by the pathophysiology of the electric burn of the oral cavity.

Burns, Electric↗
PubMed1984

Search for a nontoxic surgical scrub solution for periorbital lacerations.

The purpose of this study was to identify a skin wound cleanser that could be used safely to cleanse lacerations of the periorbital region. The irritation and toxicity to the eye of the commercially available skin wound cleansers were quantitated using numerical values and weights for the ocular lesions in experimental animals. Shur Clens did not elicit lesions in experimental animals or in a series of 20 patients with periorbital lacerations. On the basis of this study, Shur Clens is recommended as a safe skin wound cleanser for periorbital lacerations.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Continuous transcutaneous oxygen monitoring during an intraoperative cardiac arrest.

A transcutaneous oxygen sensor was used continuously during surgical management of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. Closed chest compression initiated for intraoperative cardiac arrest gave an inadequate cardiac output on the basis of falling PtcO2 despite transmitted femoral pulses and an excellent PaO2. This discordance provided a rationale for open cardiac massage, which increased the cardiac output and tissue perfusion (PtcO2) needed for successful resuscitation. The PtcO2 sensor provides immediate, non-invasive, and continuous information regarding tissue oxygenation. It reflects the PaO2 in hemodynamically stable patients as well as providing a sensitive indicator for inadequate cardiac output during shock. In patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation, a falling PtcO2 with an acceptable PaO2 indicates poor tissue perfusion and, in select circumstances, may warrant open cardiac massage.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1982

The impact of kin, friend and neighbor networks on infant feeding practices. Cuban, Puerto Rican and Anglo families in Florida.

This paper uses social networks as the major conceptual device to examine the impact of relatives, friends and neighbors on infant practices, Kim, friend and neighbor networks of Cuban, Puerto Rican and Anglo families in Dade County, Florida are described, noting inter-ethnic differences in network members who provide respondents with infant feeding advice and assistance. The geographical proximity of influential network members is shown to effect the impact that health care professionals have on mothers' decisions about feeding practices. Network influences on specific feeding practices also are discussed. Kin, friend and neighbor networks are shown to have a significant impact on decisions surrounding breastfeeding, bottle-feeding, use of sucrose supplements and the time to introduce solid foods into the baby's diet. Network member's advice and encouragement appears to contribute to a successful lactation experience. Applying the Fisher's exact test to a small subsample, however, does not yield a significant association between presence or absence of network support and lactation outcome.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interactions between blind parents and their young children.

Observations on four families with blind parents and young sighted children showed that relations between the children and their parents were remarkably little affected by the parents' handicap. Many of the characteristics of normal parent-child interaction, both verbal and non-verbal, seem to be readily adaptable to the special circumstances of blindness. Thus, it appeared that the parents were well able to participate in various kinds of social exchange, som of which had a seemingly strong visual element.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differences in vitamin A content of enteral feeding solutions following exposure to a polyvinyl chloride enteral feeding system.

This research was conducted to determine if there were significant differences in the vitamin A content of two enteral feeding solutions following timed exposure to a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) enteral tube feeding system. This study took place in the laboratory setting with procedures designed to simulate clinical conditions with respect to rate of flow and time of exposure. Feeding solutions (Ensure Osmolite and Vivonex High Nitrogen) were sampled, placed in PVC feeding system pouches (Vivonex Delivery System, Norwich-Eaton Pharmaceuticals, Norwich, NY) and permitted to drip from the pouches at a constant rate. Solution remaining in the pouches was sampled at intervals for a period of six hours, and all samples were analyzed for Vitamin A content using spectrophotometric methods. Statistical analysis of the data indicated no significant difference in Vitamin A content of either feeding solution following six hours of exposure to a PVC enteral tube feeding system.

Enteral Nutrition↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Beliefs and mammography screening.

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is a leading form of preventable cancer among women in the United States. Despite improvements in mammography and other early detection techniques, special populations, including older and minority women, continue to experience high incidence and mortality rates. Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs are ubiquitous constructs in preventive medicine, health behavior, and behavioral epidemiology. These constructs often are used to explain variation in health screening behavior. While all three have been examined in relation to mammography screening, concentration on the single category of beliefs and the relation between specific beliefs and mammography screening practices has remained largely uninvestigated. METHODS: Using logistic regression modeling, we examined the relationship between four individual beliefs and mammography screening in a cross-sectional study of 407 women. RESULTS: After we controlled for confounding factors in a multivariable analysis, belief in the efficacy of early detection in improving breast cancer outcome (odds ratio [OR] = 2.98; 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.62, 5.47) and perceived risk (OR = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.26, 0.94) were significantly associated with screening practice. Belief that mammography is dangerous (OR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.18, 1.18) or painful (OR = 1.25; 95% CI = 0.75, 2.08) was not significantly associated with screening practice. CONCLUSIONS: Information on the relationship between beliefs and screening practices may be used both to understand screening behaviors and to develop targeted strategies to improve mammography compliance.

Adult↗