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Biomedical subjects

C A Gooding

Publications and source records attributed to C A Gooding.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

AUR memorial Award. Induced alignment of flowing sickle erythrocytes in a magnetic field. A preliminary report.

Deoxygenated sickle erythrocytes in static suspension align perpendicular to a magnetic field. To assess the importance of this observation to MRI of sickle-cell disease, an in vitro flow apparatus was devised and the orientation of sickle erythrocytes flowing through a 0.38 T magnetic field was investigated. We showed a significant perpendicular alignment of fully deoxygenated sickle erythrocytes flowing at 3 to 4 mm/minute (P less than .001). These results suggest that deoxygenated erythrocytes in a sickle-cell patient could orient perpendicular to a magnetic field, and therefore that MRI of such patients could possibly result in worsening of vaso-occlusive complications. Further studies are needed to assess the possible hazards of MRI of sickle-cell disease, especially at high field strengths.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1984

Radiographic assessment of venous catheter position in children: value of the lateral view.

Frontal chest radiographs can be misleading in the evaluation of central venous catheter placement. Lateral chest radiographs were obtained, in addition to the standard frontal radiographs, in 25 young children. In five (20%) of the children, the catheters were found to be malpositioned, and the frontal radiograph showed evidence of the abnormality in all five. The lateral radiographs also showed evidence of the abnormality in all five children; however, in three of the five, the lateral radiographs provided additional, more specific, diagnostic information. The lateral chest radiographs also demonstrated satisfactory catheter positioning in three other children in whom the frontal radiographs suggested abnormal positioning. Accurate assessment of catheter position was possible in all patients using both frontal and lateral chest radiographs. Injection of contrast material was not necessary to locate malpositioned catheters. Lateral radiographs are recommended whenever an abnormal catheter position is suspected clinically or from findings on the routine frontal radiograph.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1984

Magnetic resonance imaging in cystic fibrosis.

A clinical dilemma in patients with cystic fibrosis is the determination of the nature of linear areas of decreased aeration in the lungs. It is difficult using chest roentgenograms or even computed tomography to differentiate atelectasis, mucoid impacted bronchi, or peribronchial inflammatory disease from normal pulmonary vascularity. Magnetic resonance imaging is a noninvasive sensitive means that provides the distinction. Pulmonary vessels are easily identified, because with the spin-echo sequence that we use, the rapidly flowing blood within the vessels has no signal intensity. In contradistinction, mucoid-impacted bronchi appear as high-intensity linear branching structures. Peribronchial inflammatory disease appears as curvilinear areas of high intensity, representing inflammatory edema, around central lucencies representing bronchi.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in children.

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the hydrogen nucleus provides a unique noninvasive display of proton dynamics in biologic tissues and fluids as well as internal anatomy in a sectional imaging format. No ionizing radiation is utilized. Our experience with NMR imaging of the brain in 14 pediatric patients is presented and compared with computed tomography. The major advantages of NMR over CT include its greater sensitivity to blood flow, edema, hemorrhage, and myelinization and its lack of beam-hardening artifacts. In addition, the potential for tissue characterization exists by determination of T1 and T2 relaxation times and of mobile proton density. Disadvantages of NMR over CT include its failure to demonstrate calcification and bone detail and longer data acquisition times.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Magnetic resonance imaging of the thorax in childhood. Work in progress.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in 10 children with intrathoracic disease. Entities imaged included mediastinal lymphoma and neuroblastoma, pulmonary metastases from hepatoblastoma and osteogenic sarcoma, hemorrhagic pleural effusion, and nonmalignant disease such as abscess, cystic fibrosis, and bronchogenic cyst. MR imaging was particularly valuable in delineating mediastinal and parenchymal masses from adjacent vascular structures without the need for contrast material enhancement. However, MR was insensitive to lesion calcification. Since pulmonary vessels give very low signal, differentiation of high-intensity pulmonary nodules from vessels is readily apparent. For similar reasons, MR was excellent in distinguishing endobronchial mucus plugs from peripheral pulmonary vessels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Magnetic resonance imaging of transfusional hemosiderosis complicating thalassemia major.

Tissue deposits of hemosiderin, a paramagnetic iron-protein complex, resulted in marked abnormalities of magnetic resonance (MR) spin-echo signal intensity within the viscera of three children with transfusional hemosiderosis and thalassemia major. In all patients the liver and bone marrow demonstrated abnormally low spin-echo intensities and the kidneys and muscles had abnormally high intensities. These observations correlate with in vitro MR observations of ferric (Fe+3) solutions, in which concentrations of ferric salts greater than 20 mmol yielded a low MR intensity signal and ferric concentrations less than 15 mmol yielded higher intensities than did water alone. MR imaging is sensitive to the tissue deposition of hemosiderin, and MR intensity appears to provide a rough measure of the amount of iron deposited.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Magnetic resonance imaging of vascular lesions in children. Assessment of flow patterns.

Ten children aged 1 week to 13 years with 12 vascular abnormalities were examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and other imaging modalities. MRI was the only single non-invasive modality that demonstrated all lesions and their internal structures. The vascular nature of 3 hemangiomas could not be established with MRI alone. No marked differences in MRI appearance was seen in 5 cases with vascular tumors compared with 5 cases with other vascular abnormalities. The status of the blood in the vascular lesions as flowing fast, slow, or not at all was successfully assessed in 9 of the 12 lesions.

Aortic Aneurysm↗
PubMed1984

Jugular vein obstruction caused by turning of the head.

In vivo and cadaver studies demonstrated that turning the head to one side results in torsion and compression of the ipsilateral internal jugular vein. This can obstruct venous drainage from the head and cause increased intracranial pressure in patients who have had ligation or resection of the contralateral jugular vein or who have maldevelopment of the contralateral dural sinuses.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the adrenal gland: a preliminary report.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging characteristics of the normal and abnormal adrenal gland were evaluated and compared with findings on computed tomography (CT). Forty-two patients were examined: 36 had normal adrenal glands and 6 had adrenal disease (3 metastatic lesions, 1 pheochromocytoma, and 2 cortical hyperplasia). NMR clearly showed all 42 left adrenals (100%) and 36 right adrenals (86%). In some patients, it appeared to differentiate the adrenal cortex from the medulla. The ability of NMR to detect adrenal disease was similar to that of CT in 6 cases examined. CT demonstrated superior spatial resolution in most cases, but NMR provided superior soft-tissue contrast. Since NMR does not involve ionizing radiation and provides excellent soft-tissue differentiation without contrast material, it has advantages over CT and appears to be a promising modality for imaging of the adrenal gland.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1983

Neuroblastoma: diagnostic imaging and staging.

Results of computed tomography (CT), scintigraphy, excretory urography, and other imaging tests used to diagnose and stage 38 cases of neuroblastoma prior to treatment were reviewed. Findings of these examinations were correlated with clinical data, laboratory data, results of biopsy, and surgical findings. CT was the most sensitive single test (100%) for the detection and delineation of the primary tumor. Calcifications that suggested the histologic diagnosis of neuroblastoma were present in 79% of the cases. Rim calcifications, the most specific pattern for neuroblastoma, were identified in 29% of all cases. CT alone accurately staged 82% of cases; when complemented by bone marrow biopsy, staging accuracy was 97%. CT alone was more accurate than any combination of imaging tests that excluded CT. An algorithm using CT is presented for the diagnosis and staging of neuroblastoma at reduced cost and with increased efficiency.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1983

Recurrent neuroblastoma: the role of CT and alternative imaging tests.

One hundred twelve CT scans of 52 patients who were receiving treatment for neuroblastoma were reviewed for accuracy, and findings were correlated with data obtained from other imaging tests, physical examinations, laboratory tests, biopsies, surgery, and long-term clinical follow-up. CT was the most sensitive imaging test for tumor recurrence (85% detection rate), and it was also the most versatile in the ability to define recurrent disease in the retroperitoneum, liver, cranium, mediastinum, lymph nodes, and skeleton. All 30 tumor recurrences were detected by the combination of CT, bone-marrow biopsy, and selected spot radiographs at the sites of pain. CT was accurate and clinically useful both for assessing tumor response to therapy and for predicting findings at "second look" surgery (accuracy, 94%). CT is relatively cost effective by substituting for a more expensive but less accurate combination of competitive imaging studies.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of induced renal lesions.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) images obtained after unilateral ligation of the ureter, renal artery, or renal vein in the rat were analyzed and compared with NMR images of the normal rat kidney. Anatomic and functional correlation of the induced renal lesions was made by concurrent CT and by gross examination of the excised kidneys. Many normal anatomic structures at the level of the renal hilum can be identified by high resolution NMR imaging. Differentiation of urine from renal parenchyma permits detection of gross changes both in renal function and in the mass of the renal parenchyma. NMR imaging is capable of diagnosing hydronephrosis, acute renal ischemia, and acute venous congestion in this rat model. In addition, a trend toward prolongation of the relaxation times T1 and T2 for abnormal renal parenchyma is demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Radionuclide bone scanning in neuroblastoma: skeletal metastases and primary tumor localization of 99mTc-MDP.

Of 42 radionuclide bone scans in 35 children with neuroblastoma, 21 were abnormal for the presence of skeletal metastases. Of the 21 abnormal scans, 16 were corroborated by positive bone-marrow biopsy or clinical data. The false-negative and false-positive rates for bone scanning were 4.8% and 9.5%, respectively. Calcification of the primary tumor was seen on pretreatment computed tomographic (CT) scans in 24 (89%) of 27 cases, while only 13 (48%) of 27 were detectable by plain radiographs. Uptake of technetium-99m methylene diphosphate (99mTc-MDP) by the primary tumor occurred in 20 of 27 cases, but correlation between tumor uptake and calcification was not statistically significant. All children with markedly elevated urinary vanillylmandelic acid exhibited primary tumor uptake. Survival was not affected independently by primary tumor uptake.

Bone Neoplasms↗