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Biomedical subjects

C Backman

Publications and source records attributed to C Backman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Reaction of patients with effort angina to cold exposure during exercise.

An attempt has been made to characterize so-called "responders" to cold among patients with effort angina. Forty-nine such patients, unselected with regard to their history of reactions to cold, who showed ST depressions during and after exercise, were examined. They worked on a bicycle ergometer close to their maximum capacity, Wmax, at room temperature (about 23 degrees C) and in a cold room (-15 degrees C). ECG was recorded and a rating scale was used to estimate the perceived exertion during exercise (RPE). The presence of angina pectoris during exercise and its duration after exercise was recorded by an EA score. An EA/W index was used to estimate the severity of the effort angina. In the whole group, the mean Wmax decreased and the mean ST depressions, RPE, and EA/W index (but not EA score) increased on exposure to cold. The changes in these variables due to exposure to cold were all associated (but not the EA score). Criteria requiring a decrease in Wmax or increase in ST depression, RPE or EA/W index on cold exposure identified 53 to 63 percent of the patients. By combining the criteria, the number of patients, who were identified, decreased. If all the criteria were applied, about 30 percent of the patients were identified as "responders" to cold and they showed the most marked responses. Thus several exercise ECG test parameters may be used to reliably define "responders" to cold exposure. This may enhance future studies of the response reaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Chronic achilles paratenonitis with tendinosis: an experimental model in the rabbit.

An experimental model for inducing chronic Achilles paratenonitis with tendinosis in the rabbit is presented. Thirteen rabbits were exercised in a kicking machine producing passive flexions and extensions of the ankle joint. Active contractions of the triceps surae muscles were induced by electric stimulation via surface electrodes. The animals were exercised for 5 to 6 weeks, with a rate of 150 flexions and extensions per minute for 2 h, three times a week. Light microscopic examination showed degenerative changes of the tendon, and increased number of capillaries, infiltrates of inflammatory cells, edema, and fibrosis in the paratenon. We conclude that chronic Achilles paratenonitis with tendinosis can be experimentally induced in a standardized manner in rabbits.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1990

Impairment of estramustine phosphate absorption by concurrent intake of milk and food.

The effect of milk and food on the pharmacokinetics of estramustine phosphate was investigated in six patients with prostatic cancer. In a randomized three-way cross-over study, the patients were given single doses of the drug together with low calcium water, low calcium food and milk. The evaluation was based upon the plasma concentration of two metabolites, estromustine and estrone, as parent drug could not be detected in plasma. The tmax and lag time of estromustine were significantly increased by milk and food intake and Cmax and AUC were significantly decreased. In comparison with water, the AUC of estromustine was 41% when the drug was taken with milk and 67% after simultaneous intake of standardized food. Corresponding figures for the peak values were 32 and 57%, respectively. The effect of milk and food intake on the pharmacokinetics of estrone was similar. Studies in vitro demonstrated that the dissolution of estramustine phosphate disodium was markedly impaired in the presence of calcium. It was concluded that the rate and extent of absorption of estramustine phosphate were decreased when the drug was taken with milk or food due to the formation of a poorly absorbable calcium complex. To obtain high and reproducible absorption of Estracyt, the drug should not be taken together with milk, milk products or other calcium-rich food or drugs.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Pre- and postoperative evaluation of renal function with five different tests in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.

Renal function was investigated immediately before and 1 year following parathyroidectomy in 19 patients with moderate hypercalcaemia. On both occasions, all patients underwent five different tests of glomerular and tubular function: plasma creatinine, creatinine clearance, 51Cr-EDTA-clearance, beta 2-microglobulin excretion and the desmopressin test. Glomerular filtration rate, as assessed by plasma creatinine and clearance of both creatinine and 51Cr-EDTA, was normal in most patients, and was little affected by restoration of normocalcaemia. Renal concentrating capacity, as determined by the desmopressin test, was abnormally low in 14 of 19 patients, but increased significantly after surgery. It is concluded that serious renal damage is seldom encountered in present-day HPT patients, but that a treatable decrease in renal concentrating capacity often exists.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Pulmonary-artery cineangiocardiography and echocardiography for detection of cardiac sources of cerebral embolism.

Sixty-two patients with ischemic stroke possibly due to embolism of cardiac origin were investigated by pulmonary artery-cineangiography (PACAC) and echocardiography (UCG) to detect intracardiac thrombi. The proportion of intracardiac thrombi found by PACAC was 31% and by UCG 15%. The presence or absence of atrial fibrillation correlated well with PACAC findings of an intraventricular clot but poorly with UCG. Similarly, there was a significant association between ischemic heart disease and intraventricular thrombi detected by PACAC investigations but not with the results obtained by UCG. PACAC seems superior to UCG in the detection of intracardiac thrombi after possible embolic stroke.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Technetium-99m pyrophosphate single-photon emission computed tomography of the heart in familial amyloid polyneuropathy.

A patient with familial amyloid polyneuropathy and congestive heart failure underwent myocardial imaging using technetium-99m pyrophosphate. Planar scintigraphy showed an intense, diffuse biventricular uptake of the radiotracer. Single-photon emission computed tomography demonstrated an unevenly distributed uptake of the isotope. The greatest activity corresponded to regions with marked echocardiographic changes. Emission tomography may aid in assessing the degree and distribution of the infiltrative lesions in cardiac amyloidosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Differentiation of cardiac amyloidosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A comparison of familial amyloidosis with polyneuropathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by electrocardiography and echocardiography.

The clinical and echocardiographic features of cardiac amyloidosis may closely resemble those of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and the disorders may thus be mixed up. The present study was undertaken in an attempt to identify features separating the two conditions by analysis of electro- and echocardiographic findings in patients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Twenty-nine patients with familial amyloidosis and 22 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were studied. Particular attention was given to the sum of the S wave in V1 and R wave in V5 or V6, the echocardiographic left ventricular mass and cross-sectional area, the presence or absence of asymmetrical septal thickening, granular and sparkling myocardial appearance, thickened heart valves, systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, and pericardial effusion. A granular and sparkling appearance of the myocardium and thickened heart valves were found to be the best predictors of cardiac amyloidosis, while low QRS amplitudes in relation to echocardiographic left ventricular mass and a pericardial effusion seemed less important. The presence of systolic anterior movement of the mitral valve, a large left ventricular mass and a sum of S in V1 and R in V5 or V6 greater than 35 mm indicated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. When the four strongest predictors (left ventricular mass, thickened heart valves, a granular sparkling myocardial appearance, and systolic anterior movement of the mitral valve) were used to reclassify the present patients, 28 of 29 amyloidosis patients and 21 of 22 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were correctly categorized. Noninvasive methods may thus be useful for detecting the myocardial infiltrative process, and cardiac amyloidosis may be confidently diagnosed by typical noninvasive findings together with histopathological documentation of amyloid in an organ other than the heart.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Pulmonary function in patients with sarcoidosis. A three year follow-up.

During a 3 year period, 101 patients were consecutively diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During the 3 year follow-up 9 patients died, 6 of them directly or indirectly due to their sarcoidosis. In 78 patients bronchoscopy and spirometry were performed at the primary investigation, and after 3 years a new spirometry was performed. A positive bronchial mucosal biopsy, bronchial sarcoidosis, was found in 31 (40%) of the 78 patients. Mean values of vital capacity, total lung capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second were normal in both patients with bronchial sarcoidosis and those without. Abnormal spirometry was found in 16 (21%) patients at the initial examination and in 11 (14%) at the follow-up. There were 10 (32%) patients with and 6 (13%) without bronchial sarcoidosis who had an abnormal spirometry. At follow-up a normalized lung function was found in 8 (50%) of the 16 patients with abnormal spirometry. Only 3 (4.8%) patients with initially normal lung function had abnormal lung function at follow-up. Our findings indicate a very little risk of developing abnormal lung function if there are normal findings at the primary investigation. Corticosteroids seem to have some effect, especially in patients with endobronchial sarcoidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Highly refractile myocardial echoes in familial amyloidosis with polyneuropathy. A correlative echocardiographic and histopathological study.

Two-dimensional echocardiography in systemic amyloidosis has in most cases shown highly refractile myocardial echoes. The morphological basis for this finding has so far been little examined. In the present study, echocardiographic examinations were performed in vitro on autopsied hearts from ten patients with familial amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (FAP). An ultrasonically visible needle was used to localize the abnormal echoes, and samples were taken for histological analysis of the region of the echocardiographic abnormality. Our results indicate that the highly refractile myocardial echoes in FAP are due to nodules composed of collagen and amyloid.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Clearance of triglycerides from the circulation and its relationship to serum lipoproteins: influence of age and sex.

In this study of a randomly selected population from 20 to 70 years of age, the clearance of triglycerides from the blood was studied after i.v. injection of an artificial triglyceride emulsion Intralipid. In women, the triglyceride clearance from the blood decreases with increasing age, but for men there was no change with age. Women had faster fractional removal rates of i.v. injected triglycerides than men in all age-groups. The triglyceride clearance showed a negative correlation to Broca index (obesity), serum triglyceride, serum cholesterol, triglycerides in very low density lipoproteins, and to cholesterol in very low density lipoproteins and in low density lipoproteins, but showed a strong positive correlation to cholesterol in high density lipoproteins.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Decreased removal of triglycerides from the blood--a mechanism for the hypertriglyceridemia in male patients with coronary artery disease.

We determined serum apolipoprotein A I and A II concentrations and triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in serum lipoprotein density classes in 28 male patients with severe ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and with angiographically verified coronary artery disease (CAD) and in age-matched controls. Both triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in very low density lipoproteins and in low density lipoproteins were higher in IHD-patients than in the controls. The triglyceride but not the cholesterol concentration in serum was higher in IHD-patients than in the controls. The cholesterol in high density lipoproteins and the serum apolipoprotein A I concentration were lower in IHD-patients than in the controls. At least in part the higher triglyceride concentration in very low density lipoproteins could be attributed to a decreased removal of triglycerides from the blood since the fractional removal rate of an i.v. injected artificial triglyceride emulsion (Intralipid) was slower in IHD-patients than in the controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Myeloma-associated cardiac amyloidosis. A case report.

A patient with Bence-Jones myeloma and amyloidosis was treated with cytotoxic drugs and plasmapheresis, resulting in rapid improvement of myeloma-associated symptoms and signs. However, amyloidosis-associated symptoms, especially hypotension, grew worse. Echocardiographic examination demonstrated hypertrophy and a hyperrefractile appearance of the myocardium, thought to be pathognomonic of amyloid heart disease. A permanent pacemaker was inserted for treatment of Adams-Stokes attacks caused by sick sinus syndrome and atrioventricular conduction disturbances. Postmortem examination of the heart demonstrated abundant amyloid deposits corresponding to the altered acoustic qualities of the myocardium. Echocardiographic examination is a valuable non-invasive method for demonstration of amyloid deposits in the heart in multiple myeloma.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Non-invasive assessment of the presence and severity of cardiac amyloidosis. A study in familial amyloidosis with polyneuropathy by cross sectional echocardiography and technetium-99m pyrophosphate scintigraphy.

Twelve patients with familial amyloidosis with polyneuropathy were examined both by cross sectional echocardiography and by technetium-99m pyrophosphate scintigraphy to assess involvement of the heart non-invasively. All 12 patients had echocardiographic abnormalities. The most prominent findings were highly refractile myocardial echoes, thickened heart valves, and increased thickness of the heart walls. Four patients had abnormal myocardial uptake of technetium-99m pyrophosphate. The remaining eight had equivocal or no myocardial uptake and were considered to have normal scintigrams. A certain amount of amyloid is probably required to produce an abnormal scintigram, although lesions with less amyloid can evidently be identified by echocardiography. Neither the duration of polyneuropathy nor its severity showed any relation to the echocardiographic or scintigraphic findings. It is concluded that cross sectional echocardiography is superior to technetium-99m pyrophosphate scintigraphy in detecting cardiac involvement in familial amyloidosis with polyneuropathy and that these results may also be applicable to other forms of amyloidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Echocardiographic features in familial amyloidosis with polyneuropathy.

Twenty-two patients with the Swedish variant of familial amyloidosis with polyneuropathy were studied by M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography. These patients had few symptoms consistent with cardiac disease but, nevertheless, echocardiograms of only two of them, both with a short history of the disease, were considered normal in all aspects. The most common abnormality was increased thickness of the interventricular septum found in 20 (91%) of the patients. This septal hypertrophy was asymmetric in 12 (55%) of them. Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed a characteristic hyperrefractile appearance of the myocardium in 15 (68%) of the patients. Thus, echocardiography showed a characteristic pattern in these patients. This study also indicates that cardiac amyloidosis can be diagnosed in the preclinical, asymptomatic state by M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Cor triatriatum.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Serum lipoproteins, apolipoproteins and intravenous fat tolerance in young athletes.

Serum lipoproteins, apolipoproteins and intravenous fat tolerance were studied in 22 male athletes and compared with healthy age and weight-height matched controls. All of the subjects were non-smokers. Athletes had lower serum, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) triglycerides, lower serum VLDL and LDL cholesterol and an increase in apolipoprotein A I. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was similar in both groups. The clearance of i.v. injected triglyceride emulsion was faster in athletes. This suggests that the lower serum and VLDL triglycerides in athletes are at least in part due to a more rapid triglyceride clearance.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Human pharmacokinetics of tolfenamic acid, a new anti-inflammatory agent.

The pharmacokinetics of tolfenamic acid, a new anti-inflammatory agent was studied in six healthy volunteers after an intravenous dose of 100 mg and oral doses of 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg. The disposition of intravenous tolfenamic acid could be described by two-compartment open model, with a central compartment volume (Vdc) of 5.6 +/- 0.31 (mean +/- SE), volume during beta-phase (Vd beta) of 31 +/- 21, and a total elimination rate constant (k 10) 1.6 +/- 0.1 h-1. The terminal elimination half-life was 2.5 +/- 0.6 h and the total plasma clearance 155 +/- 15 ml/min. The elimination occurred principally by extrarenal mechanisms, the recovery of unchanged drug together with is glucuronide in urine averaging only 8.8% of the intravenous dose. The binding of tolfenamic acid to plasma proteins averaged 99.7%. The gastrointestinal absorption had a mean half-life of 1.7 +/- 0.1 h. Based on comparison of areas under the plasma concentration time-curves after intravenous and oral administration, the biovailability of tolfenamic acid capsules averaged 60%. The rate and extent of absorption and the rate of elimination of tolfenamic acid were independent of dose.

Administration, Oral↗