[Ultrasonography for hip joint dislocation in neonates].
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Follow-Up Studies↗
Biomedical subjects
C Baud
Publications and source records attributed to C Baud.
[MRI of fetal GI tract].
The fetal diagnosis of GI tract abnormalities may be improved by the use of MRI that is able to visualize the normal bowel, may characterize the nature and location of gastrointestinal abnormalities, detect severe malformations, demonstrate the bowel close to cystic or tumoral intra abdominal structures. Our personal experience and recent data of the literature are reported.
Fetus↗
Sonographic diagnosis of colitis in children.
To assist the radiologist in differentiating the colitis in children, this review proposes a systematic US approach to the disease, presents the US aspect of the normal colon and describes three distinctive US patterns reflecting the intramural extension of the histopathological changes. Each pattern corresponds to one or several diseases producing alterations in the same layer(s). Stratified thickening suggests an inflammatory mucosal process resulting from infection (as in advanced appendicitis or in infectious colitis) or to inflammation (as in IBD). Nonstratified thickening with loss of the haustral folds reflects a marked submucosal infiltrate. Color Doppler is required to distinguish between an inflammatory disease (as advanced CD or neutropenic colitis) and an ischemic colitis (HUS in children). Nonstratified thickening with preservation of the length of the haustral folds is the sign of an intraluminal deposit due to PMC. Correlating the sonographic pattern and the anatomic distribution of the disease with the clinical and laboratory findings often permits to propose a specific diagnosis.
Adolescent↗
MRI of fetal GI tract abnormalities.
We describe the magnetic resonance (MR) patterns of a variety of fetal gastrointestinal (GI) abnormalities. Thirty-two fetuses between 23 and 38 weeks' gestation with abnormal appearance of the GI tract by ultrasound underwent MR imaging with T1- and T2-weighted sequences. The MR aspect of intestinal atresia (duodenal atresia, one case; small bowel atresia, nine cases) included dilatation of the bowel loops, accurate assessment of the normal bowel distal to the atresia (except in the patient with multiple atresia and apple-peel syndrome), and micro-rectum with decreased T1 signal (except in the patient with duodenal atresia). Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (one case) was indicated by an abnormal signal of the entire bowel and an abnormal pattern for the urinary tract. Meconium pseudocysts (two cases) were easily differentiated from enteric cysts (two cases). High anorectal malformations with (two cases) or without (one case) urinary fistula and cloacal malformation (one case) are described and MR findings are discussed. The capability of MR imaging to demonstrate the normal bowel with intraperitoneal anomalies (e.g., congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and sacrococcygeal teratoma) is emphasized. MR imaging is informative in the diagnosis of GI tract abnormalities, especially the severe malformations, with much more accuracy than sonography.
Digestive System Abnormalities↗
[Disorders of the peritoneum].
The peritoneum is an important actor in diseases of the abdomen: defects of the peritoneum or mesos may lead to internal hernias; developmental anomalies of the peritoneum may lead to volvulus and bowel obstruction; diffuse or localized primary or secondary tumors of the peritoneum may develop; infectious, inflammatory or ischemic primary diseases of the peritoneum may cause abdominal pain, sepsis or result in the formation of fluid collections. The purpose of this presentation is to illustrate the role of imaging in the diagnosis of these different diseases and to provide some guidelines allowing their detection and characterization.
Hernia↗
Ultrasonography of the spermatic cord in children with testicular torsion: impact on the surgical strategy.
PURPOSE: Many surgeons advocate systematic exploration for acute scrotum rather than risking a misdiagnosis of testicular torsion. Study of testicular vascularization with color Doppler sonography (CDS) can be inaccurate, leading to dangerous false-negative results. We determine whether direct visualization of the twisted cord during emergency high resolution ultrasonography (HRUS) is a reliable sign to diagnose the torsion and whether its absence can dispense with unnecessary surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1993 to 2002 an average of 35 patients per year presented with acute scrotum, and 44 patients had spermatic cord torsion. CDS and HRUS were performed in all cases. Transversal and longitudinal scans on both sides of the scrotum permitted comparison of testicular echogenicity, size and vascularization. The spermatic cord was studied along its complete length to detect spiral twist. The surgical findings were correlated with the preoperative results. RESULTS: Spermatic cord torsion at surgery was confirmed in all 44 cases. The time lost by the examination was never more than 30 minutes. Intratesticular blood flow was absent in the affected testis in 31 cases, and CDS was unreliable in the others. In all cases, regardless of CDS findings, HRUS succeeded in detecting the twist as a snail shell-shaped mass measuring 11 to 33 mm. CONCLUSIONS: The finding of a twisted spermatic cord is a highly reliable sign for the diagnosis of testicular torsion. Whereas normal intratesticular perfusion does not dispense with emergency exploratory surgery, direct and complete visualization of a nontwisted spermatic cord strongly indicates that surgery is unnecessary. Strict conditions are required, including time spent on HRUS should not exceed 30 minutes, which generally can only be achieved by a senior pediatric radiologist.
Adolescent↗
[Localized hypertrophic neuropathy (LHN) of the brachial plexus: diagnosis and presurgical evaluation with MRI].
The authors report a case of localized hypertrophic neuropathy diagnosed by MRI. This 10-year-old girl presented with painless progressive deltoid atrophy. Electrodiagnostic studies demonstrated chronic denervation. An MRI performed with T1, T2, T1 with gadolinium and fat saturation sequences showed a linear 5-cm long segment of hypertrophic brachial plexus cord, with moderate high T2, intermediate T1 signal, and marked post-Gadolinium enhancement. Progressive improvement followed surgical resection with nerve graft repair. Histological study confirmed LHN (perineurial cell proliferation), a rare cause of peripheral neurological deficit. MRI findings may suggest LHN, that should be suspected as well as peripheral nerve compression or tumor; inflammatory neuritis and idiopathic lesion (with normal MRI findings) remain a diagnosis of exclusion. MR aids in the precise localization of the lesion before surgery.
Biopsy↗
Advanced cranial ultrasound: transfontanellar Doppler imaging in neonates.
We know that many cerebral lesions are of circulatory origin and it is now important to study cerebral hemodynamics by pulsed and color Doppler ultrasonography. The revolution in the imaging of vascular physiology, the diagnosis, and the prognostic evaluation of vascular disease are not based on morphological sonographic studies but on the Doppler techniques that can display cerebral vessels in the neonate. The results of the hemodynamic investigation in 491 newborns aged from 32 weeks of gestation to 9 months by means of pulsed and color Doppler are reported. Normal values of the resistive index, peak systolic, end-diastolic, and time-averaged velocities in seven different vessels are determined. Some pathological examples are presented. Doppler techniques play a major role in the diagnosis, follow-up, and management of brain damage, whether ischemo-hemorrhagic, infectious, or developmental or tumoral, and of pericerebral collections.
Brain↗
[Diagnostic imaging of neonatal tumors: certainties and uncertainties].
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Humans↗
[Brain sonography in 2001. Evaluation of macrocrania in the infant].
Transfontanelle sonography has become a routine imaging modality to assess infants with macrocrania: detection of hydrocephalus and diagnosis of its underlying etiology, detection and mapping of extra-axial collections, value of Doppler US for diagnosis of intracranial lesions, hemodynamic evaluation using pulsed Doppler imaging.
Age Factors↗
A molecular switch in SecA protein couples ATP hydrolysis to protein translocation.
SecA, the dimeric ATPase subunit of bacterial protein translocase, catalyses translocation during ATP-driven membrane cycling at SecYEG. We now show that the SecA protomer comprises two structural modules: the ATPase N-domain, containing the nucleotide binding sites NBD1 and NBD2, and the regulatory C-domain. The C-domain binds to the N-domain in each protomer and to the C-domain of another protomer to form SecA dimers. NBD1 is sufficient for single rounds of SecA ATP hydrolysis. Multiple ATP turnovers at NBD1 require both the NBD2 site acting in cis and a conserved C-domain sequence operating in trans. This intramolecular regulator of ATP hydrolysis (IRA) mediates N-/C-domain binding and acts as a molecular switch: it suppresses ATP hydrolysis in cytoplasmic SecA while it releases hydrolysis in SecY-bound SecA during translocation. We propose that the IRA switch couples ATP binding and hydrolysis to SecA membrane insertion/deinsertion and substrate translocation by controlling nucleotide-regulated relative motions between the N-domain and the C-domain. The IRA switch is a novel essential component of the protein translocation catalytic pathway.
Adenosine Diphosphate↗
Spiral twist of the spermatic cord: a reliable sign of testicular torsion.
BACKGROUND: Colour Doppler sonography (CDS) has become the procedure of choice in evaluating testicular perfusion but false negative findings have been reported. OBJECTIVE: To determine if direct visualisation of the twisted spermatic cord using high resolution US is a reliable sign to assess testicular torsion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty patients (aged 2-26 years) with equivocal diagnosis of testicular torsion prospectively underwent high resolution and CDS. The results were correlated with surgical findings. Serial transverse and longitudinal scans were performed to compare the scrotal contents on each side and study the complete spermatic cord course, from inguinal canal to testis, to detect a spiral twist. RESULTS: In 14 of the 23 cases of torsion, the diagnosis was based on the colour Doppler findings in the scrotum because blood flow was absent in the symptomatic testis and detectable without difficulty on the normal side. In nine cases, CDS was unreliable; in six cases intratesticular perfusion was present in a twisted testis and in three small boys, no colour signal was obtained in either testis. In all cases of torsion, the spiral twist of spermatic cord was detected at the external inguinal ring. The twist induced an abrupt change in spermatic cord course, size and shape below the point of torsion. It appeared in the scrotum as a round or oval, homogeneous or heterogeneous extratesticular mass with or without blood flow, that could be connected cephalad with the normal inguinal cord. In the other seven cases (three late torsions of the appendix testis, one epididymo-orchitis and three torsions with spontaneous reduction), no spiral twist was detectable. CONCLUSION: The detection of spermatic cord spiral twist appears a reliable US sign of torsion whatever the testicular consequences.
Adolescent↗
Partial characterization of a novel cardioinhibitory peptide from the brain of the snail Helix aspersa.
1. We report the isolation of a peptide from the brain of the snail Helix aspersa by radioimmunoassay using an antisomatostatin. 2. The sequencing of an immunopositive fraction showed the presence of a new tridecapeptide, termed Helix cardioinhibitory peptide (HCIP), with the following primary structure: H-Val-Phe-Gln-Asn-Gln-Phe-Lys-Gly-Ile-Gln-Gly-Arg-Phe-NH2. It is structurally related to the Achatina cardioexcitatory peptide (ACEP-1) and the terminal-amino acid sequence of HCIP is identical to that of FMRFamide family peptides. 3. The synthetic HCIP was tested on heart and neuronal activities and it was found to have inhibitory actions not only on the ventricle but also on visceral neurons of the central nervous system of Helix. Immunocytochemical investigation indicates its presence in visceral and parietal ganglia, in which cells taking part in the regulation of the heartbeat have been previously identified.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[In vivo and in vitro study of the effect of somatostatin and somatostatin-immunoreactive substance on the histology of the mantle edge in adult and juvenile snails (Helix aspersa)].
We have demonstrated structural differences between the mantle edge gland of young, adult and adult shell repairing snails. In vivo and in vitro, somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-immunoreactive substance (SSI) induce a juvenile status of the gland in adults and an activation of juvenile ones. These results suggest that they could regulate the growth and the repair of the shell and that the mantle edge gland might be considered as one of their tissue targets.
Animals↗
Atypical pyloric stenosis in an infant with familial hyperlipidemia.
A 1-month-old infant presented with a typical pattern of pyloric stenosis but US revealed an intense hyperechogenicity of the thickened pyloric muscle. Cholecystitis and pancreatitis were also present in this child. Familial hyperchylomicronemia was detected. Surgery confirmed the fatty infiltration of the pyloric muscular layer, which was necrotic and inflammatory. Medical management with restriction of fat in the diet led to a complete recovery. This is an exceptional case of pyloric stenosis where the particular echographic appearance of the pyloric muscle led to successful to medical treatment.
Humans↗
Evaluation of abdominal pain in Henoch-Schönlein syndrome by high frequency ultrasound.
The authors report the use of high frequency ultrasound (7.5-10 MHz probes) for the detection of intestinal complications in 14 children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Ultrasound gave information of 3 levels: (1) It explained the acute abdominal pain by showing in all cases the oedematous haemorrhagic infiltration of the intestinal wall, which appeared thickened (3-11 mm): lesions were diffuse (6 cases) or focal (duodenal in 5 cases, jejunal in 2 cases and ileal in one). (2) It followed the evolution of the disease: extension of lesions (5 cases) or resolution (progressive decrease of parietal thickening, reexpansion of small bowel lumen, reappearance of peristalsis). (3) It always detected surgical complication: ileo-ileal intussusception (3 cases), perforation (1 case).
Abdominal Pain↗
Molecular and biochemical study of the presence and synthesis sites of methionine enkephalin-like substances in the circumoesophageal ganglia, the ovotestis and the tentacles of the snail.
In situ hybridization with an oligonucleotidic 35S-labelled probe complementary to the 388-435 coding region of rat proenkephalin mRNA seems to show a colocalization between synthesis and storage sites of methionine-enkephalin(MK)-like substances only in young cellular stages of the ovotestis and in several neurons of cerebral, parietal and pleural ganglia. No positive signal can be detected neither in pedal and visceral ganglia nor in the tentacular collar cells, in spite of previous immunocytochemical data. Radioimmunoassays carried out on acidic extracts of the same organs confirm the molecular results and lead us to conclude to the presence of substances strongly related to MK in the ovotestis as well as in the circumoesophageal ganglia (COG), and to ascertain that the MK-positive tentacular collar cells do not contain authentic MK.
Amino Acid Sequence↗