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Biomedical subjects

C C Lin

Publications and source records attributed to C C Lin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The relationship between sleep apnea syndrome and hypothyroidism.

To evaluate the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in patients with hypothyroidism, the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with OSAS, the possible factors predisposing to sleep-related breathing disorder in hypothyroid patients, and the effect of thyroid hormone in treating hypothyroidism associated with OSAS, we studied 65 patients with proven OSAS (apnea index [AI] > 5) and 20 hypothyroid patients. All patients were monitored for one overnight sleep study using polysomnography (Grass 78). We found only two (3.1 percent) of 65 OSAS patients had thyroid hypofunction. Of 20 patients with hypothyroidism, two showed moderate to severe OSAS and three had mild OSAS. Patients with both hypothyroidism and OSAS had impaired respiratory drive, but this was corrected by thyroid hormone therapy. Patients with hypothyroidism without OSAS were younger and had a lower percentage of ideal body weight than those with both hypothyroidism and OSAS. All hypothyroid patients were snorers. Thyroid hormone replacement was effective in correcting snoring only after one year of therapy. We conclude the following: (1) an overnight sleep study is not necessary in every case of hypothyroidism; (2) thyroid function studies need not be done routinely for every OSAS patient; (3) thyroid hormone therapy is effective for OSAS but it takes longer to correct the snore than respiratory drive; and (4) age and body weight are related to the development of OSAS.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Tubal embryo transfer for the treatment of infertility.

The outcome of treatment for male factor infertility with either gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) or in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF/ET) has been unsatisfactory. A better approach may be tubal embryo transfer (TET). In our medical center, from November 1989 to December 1990, 80 couples (male factor, n = 35, non-male factor, n = 45) entered our program for TET. Superovulation was conducted with either human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG) or gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a, buserelin)/hMG. Ovum retrieval (OR) was possible in 73 patients and successful fertilization after insemination occurred in 64 of them. TET was performed only when there was at least one grade III-V embryo. The mean number of embryos transferred was 3.92 +/- 0.13 (range 1-5). There were 35 pregnancies out of 55 TET (64% per TET, 48% per OR). In the group with male factor infertility, OR occurred in 32, and 24 achieved fertilization. Ten pregnancies were achieved after 19 TET (53% per TET, 31% per OR). In comparison, the group with non-male factor infertility had a higher pregnancy rate (69% per TET and 61% per OR). There have been 15 live births, 14 ongoing pregnancies (eight sets of twins and 21 singletons), five abortions and one ectopic pregnancy. Our results indicate that: 1) TET is a valuable treatment for non-tubal factor infertility; and 2) in the group with male factor infertility, it has the advantages of demonstrating fertilization in vitro and preventing unrewarding laparoscopies.

Embryo Transfer↗
PubMed1992

Antithrombin III activity in normal and toxemic pregnancies.

From August 1989 to October 1990, 83 pregnant Chinese women were the subjects for measuring the levels of plasma functional antithrombin III (AT III) activity. The correlations of AT III activity with perinatal outcome and the changes in maternal hepatorenal function were analyzed. The population was divided into four groups: Group I (n = 30), normal pregnancies; Group II (n = 23), mild pre-eclampsia; Group III (n = 26), severe pre-eclampsia; and Group IV (n = 4), eclampsia. The results demonstrated that: 1) AT III activity decreased with the severity of toxemia (p < 0.001), 2) AT III activity correlated with the degree of perinatal outcome and maternal morbidity, and 3) reduction of AT III activity correlated with impairment of maternal hepatorenal function. In conclusion, plasma AT III activity is a valuable parameter in the evaluation of toxemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Sleep quality and nocturnal hypoxemia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

To evaluate the incidence of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), oxygen desaturation during sleep and sleep quality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 30 COPD patients and 20 healthy snorers (without SAS) were studied. Each subject received a pulmonary function test (PFT) (simple spirometry), arterial blood gas determination and an overnight sleep study. COPD patients were divided into two groups: those with SAS (group I) and those without (group II). Group II patients were further subdivided into: group IIa [delta SaO2 < 15% (delta SaO2 = baseline SaO2-lowest SaO2) and group IIb (delta SaO2 > or = 15%); group IIc (baseline SaO2 > 90%) and group IId (baseline SaO2 < or = 90%). Our results showed that only six of 30 (20%) COPD patients had an associated SAS. Among group II patients, the lowest SaO2 and delta SaO2 were correlated with baseline SaO2, PaO2 and PaCO2 but were not correlated with age, % of ideal body weight, FVC, FEVl, FEVl/FVC. Group IIb patients (n = 10) had a lower SaO2 during sleep, a lower baseline PaO2, and a lower hematocrit level than group IIa patients (n = 14). Group IId patients (n = 9) had a lower PaO2 and a higher delta SaO2 during sleep than group IIc patients (n = 15). However, there were no significant differences in age, percent of ideal body weight (IBW), FVC, FEVl or FEVl/FVC values between groups IIa and IIb, or between groups IIc and IId. Group II patients had a lower percentage of sleep efficiency, higher arousal and movement indices and a longer period of stage 1 sleep, compared to the control group. In conclusion, the incidence of COPD patients with SAS is 20%. Age, percentage of IBW, FEVl, and FEVl/FVC values are not reliable predictors of the risk of nocturnal hypoxemia among COPD patients. However, a possible correlation between baseline SaO2, PaO2 and PaCO2 values and the incidence of nocturnal hypoxemia exists. Finally, COPD patients experienced a poorer quality of sleep in comparison with the control group.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Carcinosarcoma of esophagus. Report of one case and review of the literature.

Esophageal carcinosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor. The tumor is composed of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. The multiple designations of names such as pseudosarcoma, pseudosarcomatous carcinoma, polypoid carcinoma etc. reflect the controversy on the nature of sarcomatous component of this lesion. We report a case of carcinosarcoma of esophagus occurred in a 67 year old male with progressive dysphagia. Esophageal polypoid tumor was found by endoscopy and was resected by esophagectomy. Carcinosarcoma was proved by demonstrating both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components in the tumor. Immunohistochemical studies revealed positive keratin stain in the sarcomatous area and positive vimentin stain in the sarcomatous area. The tumor was reported to have a better prognosis than that of the squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus in the literatures, especially in the survival rate.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Sequence conservation in avian CR1: an interspersed repetitive DNA family evolving under functional constraints.

CR1 is a short interspersed repetitive DNA element originally identified in the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus). However, unlike virtually all other such sequences described to date, CR1 is not confined to one or a few closely related species. It is probably a ubiquitous component of the avian genome, having been detected in representatives of nine orders encompassing a wide spectrum of the class Aves. This identification was made possible by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which revealed interspecific similarities not detected by conventional Southern analysis. DNA sequence comparisons between a CR1 element isolated from a sarus crane (Grus antigone) and those isolated from an emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) showed that two short highly conserved regions are present. These are included within two regions previously characterized in the CR1 units of domestic fowl. One of these behaves as a transcriptional silencer and the other is a binding site for a nuclear protein. Our observations suggest that CR1 has evolved under functional constraints and that interspersed repetitive sequences as a class may constitute a more significant component of the eukaryotic genome than is generally acknowledged.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Interstitial chromosomal deletion within 4q11-q13 in a human hepatoma cell line.

Southern blot analysis revealed the presence of an aberrant albumin gene as well as a normal one in a human hepatoma cell line, HuH-7. A genomic sequence carrying this altered gene was isolated and characterized. This clone contains a 3-kbp 3' segment of the albumin gene linked to a non-albumin sequence at intron 11. The non-albumin sequence is assigned to chromosome 4q12-q13 by in situ hybridization. This indicates an interstitial deletion of a chromosomal segment within 4q11-q13 because the albumin gene is mapped there. The truncated albumin gene is detected in an early passage of HuH-7 cells and has been maintained stably in cell culture.

Albumins↗
PubMed1991

Prenatal sexing and detection of ZFY gene sequences in sex chromosome disorders by polymerase chain reaction.

Specific amplification of a DNA segment of the human ZFY gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out for detection of Y-chromosome specific sequences. When male DNA was used as template for amplification, a single and discrete 530 bp ethidium bromide staining band was observed in agarose gel. Female DNA produced no band. This technique was successfully used in prenatal sexing and for detecting ZFY DNA sequences in five XX males, an XY female, and a female patient with Turner syndrome having mosaicism involving a minute marker chromosome.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

New evidence for tandem chromosome fusions in the karyotypic evolution of Asian muntjacs.

A clone of highly repetitive DNA, designated C5, was isolated from DNA of female Chinese muntjac cells. The nucleotide sequence of this clone is 80%-85% homologous to that of the satellite IA clone and other highly repetitive DNA clones previously obtained from the Indian muntjac. Using C5 as a probe for in situ hybridizations to chromosome preparations of cells of both the Chinese and Indian muntjacs, we were able to show that these repeated sequences occur in centromeric heterochromatin of the chromosomes of both Chinese and Indian muntjac species. More significantly, non-random clusters of hybridization signals were detected on the arms of chromosomes of the Indian muntjac. These latter hybridization sites are postulated to be regions of interstitial heterochromatin and could be the remnants of centromeric heterochromatin from ancestral Chinese muntjac chromosomes. Our observations provide new supportive evidence for the tandem chromosome fusion theory that has been proposed for the evolution of the Indian muntjac karyotype.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The changes of interleukin-2, tumour necrotic factor and gamma-interferon production among patients with Kawasaki disease.

Included in this study were 43 cases of mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS or Kawasaki disease) treated solely with aspirin. Of these, 19 developed coronary aneurysm. Mononuclear cells (MNC) of these MCLS patients were collected weekly and stimulated either with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) or PHA plus phorbol myristic acetate. The production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumour necrotic factor (TNF) and gamma-interferon (IFN-r) was determined. In addition, IL-2, TNF, IFN-r from serial collections of serum samples of these patients were also measured. The results show that serum IL-2 and TNF were detected in the 1st week, reached maximal plateau in the 2nd and 3rd week and decreased 1 month later. The production of IL-2, TNF and IFN-r from MCLS patients' MNC increased from the 1st to the 3rd week, persisted at a high level for 1 month and then decreased. During the 2nd and 3rd weeks, there were significantly higher serum IL-2 levels and IL-2 production in patients with than in patients without coronary lesions. These observations suggest that the serum IL-2 level and IL-2 production during the 2nd week may serve as a predictive parameter for coronary aneurysm formation. It also suggests that the production of TNF, IL-2 and IFN-r from MNC may contribute to the development of vascular injury in acute MCLS.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of associated high-risk factors and perinatal outcome between symmetric and asymmetric fetal intrauterine growth retardation.

This study compares associated high-risk factors and perinatal outcome between 273 symmetric and 445 asymmetric infants with intrauterine growth retardation. No differences were seen in 17 obstetric, medical, and environmental-behavioral high-risk factors between symmetric and asymmetric intrauterine growth retardation. In preeclampsia, the incidence of symmetric intrauterine growth retardation is higher than that of asymmetric intrauterine growth retardation. The timing of the interaction between the high-risk factor and the stage of gestation is more important than the specific high-risk factor in determining whether symmetric or asymmetric intrauterine growth retardation is produced. On comparison of perinatal outcome between the two groups, we concluded: (1) that the onset of symmetric intrauterine growth retardation occurs much earlier in the course of pregnancy than does asymmetric intrauterine growth retardation, (2) that more symmetric than asymmetric pregnancies with intrauterine growth retardation result in preterm delivery, (3) that the neonatal morbidity rate for symmetric intrauterine growth retardation is higher than that for asymmetric intrauterine growth retardation, and (4) that term symmetric infants with intrauterine growth retardation tend to have a lower mean birth weight and a higher incidence of small placentas than term infants with asymmetric intrauterine growth retardation.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1991

Chromosome aberrations and oncogene alterations in two new breast tumor cell lines.

Two new breast tumor cell lines (UISO-BC-1 and UISO-BC-2) have been established from pleural effusions obtained from patients with confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer. Cytogenetic investigation shows several numerical and structural aberrations in both cell lines. Each cell line appears to have distinctive karyotypic aberrations. Although a common marker chromosome was not found in both cell lines, several breakpoints (i.e., 1q11, 3q11, 7p11, 9q11, and 13q11) were commonly involved in the marker chromosomes of both lines. Double minute (dmin) chromosomes were also observed in these two cell lines. Sixteen oncogene probes were used to study the oncogene amplification and overexpression; among these, only neu and c-myc probes detected multiple gene copies. A 10-fold amplification and a 20-fold overexpression of the neu were observed in the UISO-BC-1 line, whereas a threefold and a fivefold amplification of c-myc were found in UISO-BC-1 and UISO-BC-2, respectively. Moderately enhanced expression (sixfold) of c-myc was also observed in the UISO-BS-2 line. No gross rearrangement of these genes or aberrant RNAs was detected in these tumor cell lines.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of root quality of Bupleurum species by TLC scanner and the liver protective effects of "xiao-chai-hu-tang" prepared using three different Bupleurum species.

A simple and quick quantitative analysis of saikosaponins a, c and d, the major bioactive principles contained in Bupleurum species, by TLC scanner is described. Results with Bupleurum kaoi, the species native to Taiwan, showed that the roots, rhizomes and aerial parts (leaves and stem) have greater quantities of saikosaponins than cultivated B. falcatum var. komarowi and imported B. chinense. The liver protective effects of water extracts of "Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang" (XCHT), a mixture of seven crude drugs, prepared using roots of the three different Bupleurum species and aerial parts of B. kaoi and B. falcatum var. komarowi, were evaluated using CCl4-induced toxicity in rats. The acute increase of serum transaminase (SGOT and SGPT) levels caused by CCl4 administration (3.0 ml/kg, s.c.) was dramatically reduced when treated with XCHT prepared with the roots of B. kaoi. The histological metamorphoses such as fatty changes, ballooning degeneration, cell necrosis and lymphocyte and Kupffer cell increases around the central vein, were clearly decreased by XCHT prepared with B. kaoi. Furthermore, water extracts of aerial parts of both B. kaoi and cultivated B. falcatum var. komarowi decreased SGOT and SGPT levels and moderately reduced the pathological changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Pharmacokinetics of ceftibuten-cis and its trans metabolite in healthy volunteers and in patients with chronic renal insufficiency.

The impact of renal insufficiency on the dispositions of 300 mg of orally administered ceftibuten-cis, a new broad-spectrum oral cephalosporin, and its primary metabolite ceftibuten-trans was characterized in 30 adult subjects. Subjects were divided into five groups of six subjects each on the basis of their 24-h ambulatory creatinine clearances (CLCR). The apparent total body clearance (CLP/F; where F is absolute bioavailability) and renal clearance of ceftibuten-cis were significantly lower in subjects with end-stage renal disease (on maintenance hemodialysis; group V) and in those with severe (CLCR, 5 to 29 ml/min; group IV) and moderate (CLCR, 30 to 49 ml/min; group III) renal insufficiency than in those with mild renal insufficiency (CLCR, 50 to 80 ml/min; group II) or normal renal function (CLCR, greater than 80 ml/min; group I). A significant correlation was observed between CLCR and ceftibuten-cis CLP/F. The mean apparent steady-state volume of distribution (V beta/F) of ceftibuten-cis ranged from 0.21 to 0.24 liter/kg in subjects in group I, II, III, and IV. V beta/F was significantly greater in the group V subjects with end-stage renal disease (V beta/F, 0.39 +/- 0.27 liters/kg). These changes in V beta/F cannot be separated from possible changes in bioavailability. The maximum concentration of ceftibuten-trans in plasma was significantly higher and occurred significantly later in group IV subjects than it did in subjects in the other groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Isepamicin disposition in subjects with various degrees of renal function.

The disposition of isepamicin, an investigational aminoglycoside antibiotic, was evaluated in 30 subjects with various degrees of renal function. The subjects were divided into five groups: those with normal renal function (creatinine clearance [CLCR], greater than 80 ml/min/1.73 m2), those with mild renal insufficiency (CLCR, 50 to 80 ml/min/1.73 m2), those with moderate renal insufficiency (CLCR, 30 to 49 ml/min/1.73 m2), those with severe renal insufficiency (CLCR, 5 to 29 ml/min/1.73 m2), and those maintained on hemodialysis (CLCR, less than 5 ml/min/1.73 m2). Subjects on hemodialysis were studied both during hemodialysis and during an interdialytic period. The volumes of distribution of isepamicin were not significantly different among the five groups of patients. The total body clearance (CLP) and renal clearance (CLR) of isepamicin significantly decreased as CLCR decreased. The CLP of isepamicin and CLCR were significantly related [(COP = 0.391.[CLCR] + 1.83; r2 = 0.878)]. Nonrenal clearance of isepamicin did not differ between groups. Hemodialysis augmented the CLP of isepamicin by approximately 25-fold. The amount of isepamicin recovered in the dialysate was 60.6 +/- 15.8% of the dose administered. The maximal rebound of the isepamicin concentration in plasma after cessation of hemodialysis was observed at 0.78 +/- 0.7 h. Concentrations in plasma increased 32.7 +/- 22.9% over that measured at the end of hemodialysis. These data indicate that dosage adjustments are necessary in subjects with decreased renal function.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The pharmacological and pathological studies on Taiwan folk medicine (VI): The effects of Elephantopus scaber subsp. oblanceolata, E. mollis and Pseudoelephantopus spicatus.

The liver protective effect of Elephantopus scaber subsp. oblanceolata, E. mollis and Pseudoelephantopus spicatus on CCL4 induced hepatotoxicity has been determined by liver enzyme functional test and pathological studies. As the result indicated, the acute increase of serum transaminase (SGOT and SGPT level which was caused by CCL4 administration (3.0ml/kg, s.c.) can be significantly reduced when treating with E. scaber subsp. oblanceolata (p less than 0.001), E. mollis (p less than 0.01), P. spicatus (p less than 0.01). The hepatic fatty metamorphosis and necrosis of central lobule were obviously improved by treating with E. scaber subsp. oblanceolata and E. mollis, while treated with P. spicatus demonstrated only a moderate protective effect. All pharmacological and pathological effects of these three crude drugs were compared with Bupleurum chinense which has been reported previously as a treatment criteria.

Alanine Transaminase↗