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Biomedical subjects

C Chartier

Publications and source records attributed to C Chartier.

86 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Transmission of Vibrio cholerae. Possible role of the camel].

Choleraic vibrio uses the moving means that man discovers to his own use. Camels (passive and active vehicles of large quantity of crude water) were experimentally infected with a Vibrio (tox. +) and an Aeromonas (tox. +). Suckling young camels eliminate them for 6 days and grown-up camels for 25 days. This experience, associated with the discovery of Vibrio non 01 and Shigella in the caravan camel dungs, lead them to become a potential vector of spreading from one oasis to another.

Aeromonas↗
PubMed1985

[Non unionized professional pilots in Québec : from myth to real.].

In this article, the working conditions of 875 non syndicated professional pilots who work on small third class airline companies are analysed. This research was made on behalf of the pilots themselves through the intermediary of the Association of the Air People of Quebec. First, a socio-demographic profile of this masculine man power is outlined, made of young and low income persons. Emphasis is put on the working characteristics that are risk factors for health and security and on sources of stress for the pilots which are: the seasonal peaks, recurrent unemployment, remuneration by the volume of work done, un-sufficient rest, the employer's threats, the deficient state of the airplanes. It is also shown that certain symptoms are present in these workers: a general fatigue, headaches and insomnia. Lastly, their perception of their work and the satisfaction gained from it is presented.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1984

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of complement components on red blood cells.

A new technic using the principle of enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) has been developed for the detection of complement components on red blood cells sensitized in vivo or in vitro. Using a double-antibody technic, anticomplement antisera (anti-C3c or anti-C3c/C3d) produced in rabbits was incubated with the red blood cells, followed by incubation with antirabbit alkaline phosphatase conjugated antiglobulin. The amount of the enzyme fixed was measured spectrophotometrically by the enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrate PNPP. A calibration curve was made from red blood cells on which complement was deposited by the method of Fruitstone . The technic showed a greater sensitivity than the standard antiglobulin tests and allowed simultaneous qualitative and semiquantitative estimates. The technic can be performed in any laboratory equipped with the standard equipment found in a blood bank, including a spectrophotometer. The authors made a modification of Alsever 's solution, which allowed the safe and stable preservation of complement coated red blood cells for 15 days. Significant positive results were obtained clinically using this technic, while negative or weakly positive reactions were obtained by the conventional antiglobulin tests.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of two levels of dietary protein on resistance and resilience of dairy goats experimentally infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis: comparison between high and low producers.

Numerous studies have examined the interactions between protein nutrition and the response to nematode parasitism in sheep, but very few in goats. Compared with other ruminants, goats are less resistant to nematode infection. In addition, in dairy goats, high producing animals have been shown to be less resistant and less resilient to infection compared to low producing ones. The objective of the present study was to examine the consequences of protein supplementation on both resistance and resilience of dairy goats to nematode trickle infection, taking into account the initial level of milk production of the animals. During a 14-week period, 40 milking goats received a high protein (HP) diet supplying 130% of the protein requirements, and 38 goats were fed a intermediate protein (IP) diet (120% of the protein requirements). In addition, half of each group was given a weekly trickle infection with Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae, the other part of the flock remained non-infected. Faecal egg counts (FEC), eosinophil counts and pathophysiological data (urea, albumin and inorganic phosphate concentrations in the serum) were measured twice a month. Milk production data (milk yield, protein and fat contents) were also recorded every 15 days. The results showed that FECs were lower (p < 0.05) and eosinophil counts higher (p < 0.05) in the animals receiving the HP diet suggesting that resistance was enhanced by protein supplementation. Meanwhile, milk parameters (related to resilience) were not affected by the level of protein in the diet when considering the whole groups. In contrast, in the high producing goats, the milk production and milk composition parameters were improved with the HP diet. To conclude, we have seen that the expression of both resistance and resilience did not appear when the coverage of the protein requirements was insufficient. Because the milk production is dependent on the protein supply, we suggest that there is a competition in the use of the protein between the development of resistance and the milk production.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

D.N.C.B. for malignant melanoma: significance in the treatment strategy.

2-4 Dinitrochlorobenzene (D.N.C.B.) is a synthetic primary allergenic molecule which has proved to have at least two useful clinical applications as regards neoplastic conditions. As a diagnostic measure, it serves in the detection of global alterations of cellular immunity. As a therapeutical measure, its epicutaneous use has proved to stimulate immune defence reactions loco-regionally if not systemically. This second property finds an important field of application in the treatment of malignant melanoma (M.M.), the reason for this being that natural immune defence reactions seem to play an important role in the natural history of this type of tumor. This review collects literature data on the therapeutical use of D.N.C.B: which, together with personal cases, show that this type of treatment may be proposed as a palliative measure for the treatment of skin metastases or as an adjuvant measure for surgery in the treatment of M.M. with surgically accessible metastases. D.N.C.B. appears to be part of a new therapeutical group, the Biological Response Modifiers (B.R.M.), and would seem to have a place in future treatment protocols associating B.R.M. with other treatment methods (e.g. chemotherapy).

Dinitrochlorobenzene↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Impact of the cellular concentration of milk in goats on its production and its composition].

Using records from the Milk Registration Organization for 254 dairy-goat farms located in western France, the economical impact of mammary gland inflammation on milk yield and composition was measured after 200 days of lactation. This assessment was performed in groups of goats belonging to the same farm and the same breed and having the same parity. Three levels of somatic cell count (SCC) were defined in order to discriminate goats on the basis of the intensity of inflammatory reaction of their udder: < 750,000 cells/mL (CCI1), between 750,000 and 1,750,000 cells/mL (CCI2), > 1,750,000 cells/mL (CCI3). From 404 groups characterized by an average number of 12,4 CCI1 goats and 14,2 (CCI2 + CCI3) goats, the average milk yield of the goats whose SCC was superior to 750,000 cells/mL was inferior to that of the CCI1 goats in 79.2% of the groups. In a sub-sample of 366 groups, the average loss of milk production for the CCI2 goats compared to the CCI1 ones was 55 kg. In an other sub-sample of 41 groups, the milk production average loss of the CCI3 goats reached 132 kg. For all of the 404 groups, (CCI2 + CCI3) goats had a lower fat content of 0.3 g/kg and in contrast a higher protein content of 0.6 g/kg. A second evaluation using a multidimensional variance analysis model in a population of 20796 goats showed the same results.

Animals↗