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Biomedical subjects

C Coudray-Lucas

Publications and source records attributed to C Coudray-Lucas.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Perdialytic parenteral nutrition with lipids and amino acids in malnourished hemodialysis patients.

A 3-mo perdialytic parenteral nutrition (PDPN) regimen was tested in 26 malnourished adults receiving hemodialysis (HD). Subjects were randomly assigned to receive PDPN (n = 12) or not to receive it (n = 14). PDPN was intravenously infused three times a week during HD; each infusion was made up of 1.6 g fat/kg body wt, 0.08 g N/kg body wt, essential and nonessential amino acids, and glycyl-tyrosine. PDPN, together with a PDPN-induced increase in spontaneous eating, increased intakes from 30 +/- 8.4 kcal.kg body wt-1.d-1 (mean +/- SD) and 1 +/- 0.27 g protein.kg body wt-1.d-1 to 39 +/- 8.5 kcal.kg body wt-1.d-1 and 1.25 +/- 0.30 g protein.kg body wt-1.d-1. Compared with control subjects, PDPN patients were characterized by increases in body weight (P less than 0.01), arm-muscle circumference (P less than 0.02), serum transthyretin and albumin concentrations (P less than 0.05), interdialytic creatinine appearance (P less than 0.01), skin-test reactivity (P less than 0.02), plasma leucine (P less than 0.05) without modifications of other amino acids, and plasma apolipoprotein A-I (P less than 0.01) without significant changes in apolipoprotein B, cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid concentrations. Thus, PDPN appeared to be effective and safe with respect to plasma lipids.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Efficiency of enteral nitrogen support in surgical patients: small peptides v non-degraded proteins.

In a prospective study, 12 intensive care patients, after abdominal surgery, received three alternate six-day courses of two enteral diets with identical nitrogen (0.3 g N/kg per day) and energy (60 kcal/kg per day) supply. The protein hydrolysate (PH) diet contained enzyme-hydrolysed casein and lactoserum (60% small peptides), while the non-degraded protein (NDP) diet contained a nitrogen source of similar amino acid composition, but in the form of non-degraded proteins. The patients were randomised to receive either PH-NDP-PH or NDP-PH-NDP. Parameters reflecting protein metabolism were assessed in the plasma, urine, and stomal effluent on days 1, 6, 12, and 18, three hours after stopping the nutrition (t0), and one hour after restarting it (t1). Comparisons of t1 and t0 values showed that 13 amino acids (including the eight essential amino acids) increased significantly with the protein hydrolysate diet, but only two increased with the non-degraded protein diet. Similarly, with protein hydrolysate, insulin-aemia at t1 was significantly higher than at t0 and correlated with plasma leucine, phenylalanine, alanine, and lysine concentrations. In addition, significant improvements in plasma albumin, transferrin, and retinol binding protein concentrations were seen with protein hydrolysate, together with a significant decrease in the plasma phenylalanine/tyrosine ratio and urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion. We conclude that in patients in intensive care after abdominal surgery enteral support containing small peptides is more effective than an equivalent diet containing whole proteins in restoring plasma amino acid and protein levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Hepatocyte transplantation. Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. An experimental study in the rat].

The aim of this work was to assess the effect of intrasplenic liver cell transplantation (ILCT) on hepatic insufficiency induced by a terminolateral portocaval shunt (PCS) in rats. Thirty syngenic Wistar Furth rats were divided up into three groups: (a) rats with PCS (n = 10); (b) rats with PCS then ILCT of 10(7) liver cells isolated from the livers of syngenic rats (n = 10); (c) operated control rats (n = 10). Double-blind behavior tests were carried out two weeks, two months and six months after surgery. The spontaneous motor activity and the exploring activity of each rat were studied in automated cages fitted with infrared diodes. Each interruption of the infrared beam was automatically recorded by a computer and converted into an activity score (number/hour). The spontaneous motor activity and the exploring activity were poor in the rats with PCS. The ILCT significantly increased the spontaneous motor activity and the exploring activity 2 months and 3 weeks after transplantation, respectively. Three months after transplantation, the spontaneous motor activity and the exploring activity in the PCS/ILCT group were not significantly different from those of the control rats. This study shows that ILCT can correct the neurological signs of hepatic encephalopathy in an experimental model of chronic hepatic insufficiency, and suggests that ILCT may produce therapeutic benefits in chronic hepatic insufficiency.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Influence of enterally administered ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate on hormonal patterns in burn patients.

Plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, cortisol and hGH were measured in burn patients (mean burn surface area 21 per cent) treated or not with ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG). An increase in basal values of glucose, insulin, C-peptide and cortisol was demonstrated in both groups, whereas hGH values diminished. OKG modified neither insulin nor hGH values 24 h after its enteral administration nor insulin levels within the first 4 h after intake. On the other hand, 60 min after enteral nutrition was restarted the hyperglycaemia observed in untreated subjects was reduced by OKG whereas a hyperinsulinism was observed in both groups. These results suggest that: (i) the anticatabolic/anabolic action of OKG in burn patients is not mediated by insulin or hGH, (ii) OKG probably induces an increase in glucose tolerance in burn patients, in whom there is a state of insulin resistance. The mechanism of this action requires further study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Changes in brain monoamine content and metabolism induced by paraoxon and soman intoxication. Effect of atropine.

1. Soman induced a decrease in hypothalamic, hippocampal and cortical noradrenaline, an increase in hippocampal and cortical dopamine and an increase in hypothalamic serotonin while paraoxon did not modify these neurotransmitter concentrations. The increases in 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid produced by the two drugs witness an accelerated turnover of dopamine and serotonin. 2. Atropine pretreatment completely antagonized the paraoxon-induced changes but only partially suppressed the soman-induced modifications. 3. These data suggest that soman produces a direct effect on monoamine metabolism which is not related to acetylcholine accumulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Dynamic study of plasma and urine amino acid patterns after an oral load of tryptophan. Application to a patient with a complex deficiency syndrome].

The aim of this work was to show that the dynamic study of the amino acid pattern in plasma and urine following an oral load of tryptophan might confirm anomalies suggested by inconsistent clinical data and below-normal biological values. Such oral loads were administered to five control subjects and one patient who had recovered from a celiac condition but was suffering from a complex deficiency syndrome associating a polyneuritis due to a lack of folic acid and the excretion of blue-colored transpiration. Thirty minutes following the load a slowing in the rate of tryptophan absorption was observed (p less than 0.05) and, during the first 6 hours, increased urinary excretion of tryptophan (p less than 0.01) and indican (p less than 0.05). Similarly, changes in the metabolism of other amino acids were either revealed or accentuated by this oral load test (ornithine, glycine, lysine, phenylalanine). It is probable that in this patient a problem of tubular re-absorption led to tryptophan being less available for metabolization along the kynurenine pathway, accounting for the increase in urinary excretion of the amino acids concerned. The diagnosis put forward is that of an unexpressed form of Hartnup's disease in association with a folic acid deficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Arterio-venous differences in amino acids, glucose, lactate and fatty acids in burn patients; effect of ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate.

The study concerns two groups of seven burn patients matched for age, weight and total burn surface. Both groups received conventional enteral nutrition, while one was given a 10 g/day alpha-ketoglutarate ornithine (OKG) supplement. Femoral venous and arterial blood was taken from day 2 to day 13 post-burn in order to determine levels of amino acids, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose and lactate. In the control group large negative arterio-venous differences (DeltaA-V) were observed in amino acid and lactate levels whereas they were significantly lower with regard to Hyp, Gly, Lys and Ala in the OKG-treated group. DeltaA-V was near zero for glucose and NEFA in both groups. These results support the view that OKG-therapy limits the output of amino acids in the leg and that glucose and NEFA do not constitute the main fuel in muscle.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Plasma branched-chain keto acids in burn patients.

Plasma branched-chain keto acids (BCKA) and glucose-alanine cycle-related substances were measured in venous and arterial blood following burn injury. It was found that the three BCKA diminished with a minimum on day 7 while pyruvate increased. Alanine and glutamate + glutamine also decreased but plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) did not vary. BCKA and gluconeogenic amino acids were liberated by peripheral tissues whereas BCAA were not. By analogy with the fate of alanine, a reduction in plasma BCKA associated with a high release by peripheral tissues might involve an increase in their hepatic metabolism. The BCKA would then give rise to ketone bodies used by the peripheral tissue. This step would complete the glucose-alanine cycle described by Cahill in hypercatabolic states where energy requirements are intense and similar to those found in burn injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Origins of hyperphenylalaninemia in burn patients.

Plasma phenylalanine concentrations were measured on the seventh postburn day in patients with burn surface areas ranging from 1 to 39%. Hepatic function (glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, prothrombin time) and protein breakdown (nitrogen balance, urine 3-methylhistidine/creatinine ratio) were evaluated in parallel. Plasma phenylalanine concentrations in patients with normal hepatic function and those with hepatic failure were similar. A correlation was shown between phenylalaninemia and nitrogen balance for all patients but phenylalaninemia only correlated with the urine 3-methyl-histidine/creatinine ratio in patients with burn surface areas under 20%. Taken as a whole, the data suggest that the determination of plasma phenylalanine concentration is a valuable test to assess the nitrogen balance in burn patients. This test, when performed on day 7, is particularly relevant in patients with normal hepatic function and either slight or moderate burn injury.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Effects of physostigmine, paraoxon and soman on brain GABA level and metabolism.

The effects of sublethal doses of physostigmine, paraoxon and soman on GABA levels and metabolism were studied in small rat brain areas (hypothalamus, striatum, cerebellum, rest of the brain). Physostigmine induced a significant decrease in striatal GABA level and a reduction of synthesis index in the rest of the brain while organophosphates have little or no effect on GABA level and metabolism. This work provides new data about the physostigmine effect on brain GABA which could be related to the action of the anticholinesterase agents on other non-cholinergic neurotransmitters.

4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase↗
PubMed1983

Brain catecholamine metabolism changes and hypothermia in intoxication by anticholinesterase agents.

Sublethal doses of physostigmine, paraoxon and soman induce a short-lasting fall in rat core temperature potentiated by alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (alpha-MT) (early effects). When the own hypothermic effect of the anticholinesterase agent has disappeared (late effects), alpha-MT induces a new decrease in temperature. Parallel biochemical studies of catecholamine levels and turnover were performed in several brain areas. The norepinephrine (NE) turnover is generally increased particularly in the hypothalamus, suggesting that NE hypothalamic changes might be linked to a latent perturbation of thermoregulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, it was shown that soman acts differently from the other drugs by inducing quite important changes in both NE and dopamine levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Modification of rat brain 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism by sublethal doses of organophosphate agents.

The early and late effects of sublethal doses of two organophosphate agents (paraoxon and soman) on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) metabolism were investigated in several rat brain areas. Parallel determinations of acetylcholinesterase (AcChE) inhibition were performed. An increase in 5-HT level was observed during the first phase of soman intoxication and a rise in 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid (5-HIAA) appeared in the early and late effects of both anticholinesterase agents with a predominant action in the striatum. These data suggested that paraoxon and soman induce a long-lasting increase in 5-HT turnover. This action cannot be related neither to the AcChE inhibition nor to the acetylcholine level.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1981

Influence of intoxication by anticholinesterase agents on core temperature in rats: relationships between hypothermia and acetylcholinesterase inhibition in different brain areas.

The early and late effect of three anticholinesterase agents (physostigmine, paraoxon and soman) on core temperature and brain acetylcholinesterase (AcChE) inhibition are compared. The study was performed in adult male rats using sublethal doses of all drugs. AcChE activity was determined by hypothalamus, striatum, hippocampus, medulla oblongata-pons and rest of the brain. The co-existence of intoxication symptoms, hypothermia and AcChE inhibitions was clearly shown by the early effects. However, no relationship was found between the degree of hypothermia and that of inhibition whatever brain area. In contrast, late AcChE inhibition was not accompanied by symptoms and lowering of core temperature. Several hypotheses have been suggested to explain this phenomenon: de novo synthesis of enzyme, decreased sensitivity of neurotransmitter or return to normal of brain acetylcholine level through a negative feed back at the presynaptic level. The present data suggest that this latter assumption is the most likely.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Action of enterally administered ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate on protein breakdown in skeletal muscle and liver of the burned rat.

Several studies concerning burn patients have shown that supplementation of enteral nutrition with ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG) favorably modifies protein metabolism. Therefore, the effect of OKG administration on muscular and hepatic protein catabolism was evaluated in burned rats. Four groups of six rats were used. Two groups were scalded by immersion of the dorsum in water at 90 degrees C for 10 seconds and then starved for 24 hours. Controlled enteral nutrition was then administered in three boluses daily (Osmolite, 210 kcal/kg/d, 1.2 g N/kg/d); one group was supplemented with OKG (5 g/kg/d, ie, 0.68 g N/kg/d), while the other group received an equivalent amount of nitrogen in the form of glycine. One group of healthy control rats received Osmolite supplemented with glycine and the last group was fed ad libitum. The animals were killed after 2 days of nutrition. Protein catabolism was assessed in vitro by measuring the amount of valine (liver catabolism) and phenylalanine (muscle catabolism) released into the incubation medium of isolated tissues. Tissular and serum glutamine were also assayed. Burn injury induced muscle hypercatabolism without affecting hepatic catabolism. The administration of OKG limited both muscle weight loss and muscle protein hypercatabolism and significantly improved the muscle glutamine pool. These results demonstrate the nitrogen-sparing effect of OKG in muscle in hypercatabolic states.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate and glutamine supplementation during refeeding of food-deprived rats.

The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG) and glutamine supplementation in an experimental model of denutrition that provides well-characterized disturbances of amino acid patterns. Male Wistar rats (187 +/- 11 g; five in each group) were starved for 3 days and then refed for 7 days with an oral diet (192 kcal kg-1.day-1 and 2.25 g of nitrogen kg-1.day-1), supplemented with 0.19 g of nitrogen kg-1.day-1 in the form of OKG, glutamine, or casein (control group). Food deprivation induced a fall in most tissue amino acids, with the notable exception of muscle leucine and liver glutamate, which increased by 43% (p < .01), and 11% (p < .05), respectively. The main effect of OKG was seen in the viscera, with a normalization of most amino acid pools (including proline and branched-chain amino acids) in the small bowel and liver. The main effect of glutamine was observed in the muscle, with a normalization of the glutamine and leucine pools. We conclude that, in this model and with the doses used, OKG and glutamine act in different target tissues, ie, splanchnic areas and muscle, respectively.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗