Biomedical subjects

C Endo

Publications and source records attributed to C Endo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Genome-wide profiling of promoter methylation in human.

DNA methylation in the promoter region of a gene is associated with a loss of that gene's expression and plays an important role in gene silencing. The inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes by aberrant methylation in the promoter region is well recognized in carcinogenesis. However, there has been little study in this area when it comes to genome-wide profiling of the promoter methylation. Here, we developed a genome-wide profiling method called Microarray-based Integrated Analysis of Methylation by Isoschizomers to analyse the DNA methylation of promoter regions of 8091 human genes. With this method, resistance to both the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme HpaII and the methylation-insensitive isoschizomer MspI was compared between samples by using a microarray with promoter regions of the 8091 genes. The reliability of the difference in HpaII resistance was judged using the difference in MspI resistance. We demonstrated the utility of this method by finding epigenetic mutations in cancer. Aberrant hypermethylation is known to inactivate tumour suppressor genes. Using this method, we found that frequency of the aberrant promoter hypermethylation in cancer is higher than previously hypothesized. Aberrant hypomethylation is known to induce activation of oncogenes in cancer. Genome-wide analysis of hypomethylated promoter sequences in cancer demonstrated low CG/GC ratio of these sequences, suggesting that CpG-poor genes are sensitive to demethylation activity in cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2006

[Bronchoplasty without lung resection for the complete transection of the left main bronchus due to blunt trauma].

Blunt bronchial injury is rare but crucial injury. A 17-year-old female was admitted due to traumatic injury. She was diagnosed with bilateral lung contusion, multiple rib fractures, spleen damage and the suspicion about the complete transection of the left main bronchus on X-ray and computed tomography (CT). She was brought to our hospital at 30 hours later from injury. Bronchoscopy revealed the complete transection and the edema of the left main bronchus. She underwent a resection of the disrupted portion and end-to-end anastomosis of left main bronchus without lung resection. We should be an immediate and accurate diagnosis of tracheobronchial disruption by X-ray, CT and bronchoscopy whenever we evaluate patients with blunt chest trauma.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation for 100 pediatric patients: a single institute's experience.

In all, 100 unrelated donor bone marrow transplantations (UD-BMT) were performed in our institute between October 1993 and January 2003. Of 93 evaluable patients, 73 patients had hematological malignancy, 13 had nonmalignancy and seven had lymphoproliferative disease. The estimated 9-year event-free survival (EFS) rate was 57.1+/-5.5% in all patients. In the following analyses of the patients with hematological malignancy, the standard group had significantly better EFS than the high-risk group (61.5+/-7.0 vs 35.6+/-9.7%, P=0.02), and the EFS rate of the tacrolimus (FK-506)+methotrexate (MTX)+/-methylprednisolone prophylactic group for graft-versus-host disease was superior to that of the FK-506 without MTX group (75.7+/-8.0 vs 55.8+/-7.6%, P=0.02). When we compared the EFS rates of the FK506+MTX+/-methylprednisolone (mPSL) group and the HLA-matched related donor BMT group in our institute, these were almost similar (75.7+/-8.1 vs 68.4+/-9.3%). Therefore, UD-BMT using FK-506+MTX+/-mPSL is a safe and useful method for children with hematological malignancy who require allogeneic BMT.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Study design considerations in clinical outcome research of lung cancer using microarray analysis.

BACKGROUND: Prognosis following a diagnosis of primary lung cancer is very poor and varies significantly even after adjusting for known predictors. Inherent and acquired gene alterations could cause failure in lung cancer treatment and patient survival. To search for potential molecular markers with significant and independent predictive value in lung cancer survival, we applied oligo-nucleotide microarray analysis, along with patients' phenotypic profile, in a case-control study. The focus of this report is on the methodology used in the identification of potential genes as prognostic factors. METHODS: Selected from 304 patients at Mayo Clinic, 18 stage I squamous cell lung cancer patients who died within 2 years (high-aggressive) or lived beyond 5 years (low-aggressive) were included in this study. Both a one-to-one matched design (paired) and a two-group design (grouped) were utilized. Matching variables were age, gender, tumor size and grade, smoking status, and treatment. Two-GeneChip-array sets from Affymetrix (HG-U133) were used. We applied multiple analytic approaches including Dchip (Harvard University), SAM (Stanford University), ArrayTools (US National Cancer Institute), and MAS5 (Affymetrix); and integrated multiple results to generate the final candidate genes for further investigation. We evaluated the consistency across the methods and the effects of matched versus grouped design on the results. RESULTS: Using the same pre-processed data under the same criteria for type I error and fold-change in expression intensity, results are 94-100% concordant in the list of significant genes by Dchip and by ArrayTools, and 53% concordant between the paired and the grouped analysis. If using differently pre-processed data, the concordance rate is under 6% even by the same analytic tool. Combining results from all analyses, we found 23 potentially important genes that may distinguish the high- versus low-aggressive squamous cell tumors of the lung. CONCLUSION: Given the generally low consistency of results across analytic algorithms and study design, poor agreement is expected from different investigators reporting candidate genes for the same endpoint. A well-designed study with a carefully planned analytic strategy is critical. We are in the process of validating the 23 preliminary candidate genes found from this study among independent yet comparable cases.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[New surgical technique of pulmonary segmentectomy by ultrasonic scalpel and absorbable sealing materials].

We developed new surgical technique of pulmonary segmentectomy by ultrasonic scalpel to sever intersegmental pulmonary tissue and absorbable sealing materials to cover the cut surface of lung. This method is expected to preserve more anatomical lung volume than the segmentectomy with surgical stapler. Two cases of post surgical recurrent lung cancer, 3 cases of pulmonary metastasis and 4 cases of primary lung cancer were applied this technique to preserve function. Among 3 materials examined, best result was obtained with polyglycolic acid felt (PGAF:Neoveil). PGAF is a very soft and thin (0.15 mm depth) new absorbable material that is able to closely adhere to irregular sections of the lung with fibrin glue and effectively seals air leakage. Mean chest drainage period after surgery in 6 cases with PGAF was 3.3 days. Excellent lung expansion was obtained immediately after the surgery and PGAF was disappeared completely on chest CT within 1 year. Although the possible superiority of this method is suggested in the present study, further comparative study is necessary to clarify the advantage of this new technique.

Absorbable Implants↗

PubMed2002

[Assessment of mode of recurrence after surgical treatment for thymic carcinoma].

In order to establish an appropriate treatment for thymic carcinoma, clinical courses of 15 patients with type C thymoma of WHO classification were reviewed. Five-years survival rate in all patients was 37.6%. In cases underwent complete resection, survival was 48.5%. The induction chemotherapy was done in 7 cases, and complete resection was possible in all these cases, suggested the possibility of improving the survival by the induction therapy. Upper mediastinal lymph node dissection each performed in 9 cases, and they showed significantly better survival than those without lymph node dissection. In conclusion, we have found that induction chemoradiotherapy and complete tumor resection with lymphnode dissection would contribute to improvement of the results in treatment for thymic carcinoma.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Molecular detection of metastatic retinoblastoma cells by reverse transcription polymerase reaction for interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein mRNA.

BACKGROUND: In the current study, the authors report a 4 year old girl with disseminated retinoblastoma. To find sensitive and specific molecular markers for detection of retinoblastoma cells in blood and marrow, the authors evaluated three photoreceptor-associated gene transcripts by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). METHOD: Samples of bone marrow and blood were obtained from healthy donors and the patient. RT-PCR was performed to detect the cone alpha'-subunit of cGMP phosphodiesterase (cone alpha'-PDE), the rod beta-subunit of cGMP (rod beta-PDE), and the interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) gene transcript in RNA extracted from the samples. RESULTS: While no expression of rod beta-PDE or IRBP was detected in any of the normal samples, expression of cone alpha'-PDE was detected in two out of seven normal marrow samples. Expression of rod beta-PDE was not detected in the patient samples. Expression of IRBP was detected in the patient samples obtained from iliac bone marrow before intensive chemotherapy but not thereafter. CONCLUSION: RT-PCR for IRBP was a useful method for detecting metastatic retinoblastoma cells as well as for evaluating the therapeutic effects of treatment in this particular case.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed2001

[A case of pneumonectomy for lung cancer associated with scleroderma].

A 60-year-old female, diagnosed as scleroderma, was referred to our hospital because of symptoms of common cold and abnormal findings on a chest X-ray. The chest X-ray and CT scan revealed a mass in the left upper field, suspected to invade left anterior chest wall. Moreover, fibrotic changes were observed in the lung field. Cytology by bronchofiberscopy showed squamous cell carcinoma. Evaluation of pulmonary function, including unilateral pulmonary artery occlusion test (UPAO), revealed possibility of lung resection. Subsequently, pneumonectomy with combined resection of left 1st rib was performed. Postoperative course was uneventful and she was discharged. She was admitted again four months after the operation with appetite loss and body weight loss. Further examinations revealed arrhythmia, renal failure, pancreatitis and liver metastasis. Her general conditions grew worse and she died five months after the operation. In conclusion, UPAO was a useful method to determine the functional lung resectability for the case with scleroderma. However, effects of surgical stress for the development of scleroderma remain to be elucidated.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMed2001

[Recurrence of febrile convulsions after the first diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccination and measles vaccination in children with febrile convulsions: a questionnaire survey in Takamatsu City].

A questionnaire about convulsions and other adverse events after vaccination was sent to doctors who administered a diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine (the first dose) or a measles vaccine between April 1, 1995 and December 31, 1997 in Takamatsu City to children with convulsions. DPT and measles vaccines were administered to 300 and 339 such children, respectively. Many of them had febrile seizures, the last of which had occurred before more than 1 year. Among them, 175 cases were administered with DPT and 180 with measles vaccine. There were recurrences of febrile convulsions after immunization in 2 (1.1%) of the cases given DPT and 3 (1.7%) of those given measles vaccination. According to the data of the Monitoring System for Adverse Events Following Immunization (the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan), the incidence of convulsion after immunization in healthy children between April 1, 1996 and September 30, 1997 was 0.4% after the first dose of DPT vaccination and 0.3% after measles vaccination. In comparison, the incidence was higher in children who had had febrile convulsions before more than one year. Especially, the rate of convulsions after measles vaccinations was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in children with febrile convulsions. These results suggest that the measles vaccination should be administered with caution to the children with previous febrile convulsions.

Child↗

PubMed2001

[Reevaluation of bronchoplasty for central-type lung cancer].

The outcome, anastomotic complications, and recurrence rate after bronchoplasty carried out in 198 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma in our institutions were evaluated retrospectively. The outcome of bronchoplasty was reasonable (5-year survival rate of 58%), but that of patients with adenocarcinoma was poor (5-year survival rate of 13%) because of their advanced stage and less complete resection. The complications of anastomosis occurred in 8.2% after bronchoplasty. Postoperative pneumonia significantly increased the risk of complications. There was no difference in the incidence of complications between patients who received end-to-end and telescope-type anastomosis. Local recurrence at the anastomosis occurred in 4.9% who underwent bronchoplasty, but in 28% who underwent carinal resection. Lymph node metastasis was a risk factor for local recurrence. Twenty patients with early superficial squamous cell carcinoma in the central bronchus were treated with photodynamic therapy without local recurrence. This new modality may be of benefit to selected patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2000

Allelic loss on 17p13 (TP53) and allelic loss on 3p21 in early squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

Roentgenographically occult bronchogenic squamous cell carcinomas are early lung cancers that localize in the bronchial wall, and are thought to be a good model to elucidate the carcinogenesis of lung cancer. In the present study, we analyzed the incidence of allelic losses on chromosome regions 3p21 and 17p13 in 40 cases of roentgenographically occult bronchogenic squamous cell carcinomas, using three microsatellite dinucleotide polymorphic markers. We also investigated the relationship between such allelic loss and the clinicopathological findings of those cases. These chromosome regions showed frequent losses. Moreover, the incidence of loss on 17p13 increased gradually along with the advance of the depth of invasion, while the incidence of loss on 3p21 increased along with the advancing length of the longitudinal extension. These results suggested that these chromosome regions play different roles in lung cancer progression, i.e., the 3p21 chromosome region was related to the longitudinal extension of the carcinoma while the 17p13 (p53) region was related to the depth of invasion.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMed2000

Purification and Characterization of N-Acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate Deacetylase from a Psychrotrophic Marine Bacterium, Alteromonas Species.

A psychrotrophic bacterium, strain Mct-9, which produced an N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase, was isolated from a deep-seawater sample in the Mariana Trough. The Mct-9 strain was identified as Alteromonas sp. The native enzyme had a molecular mass of 164,000 Da, and was predicted to be composed of four identical subunits with molecular masses of 41,000 Da. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), GlcNAc-6-phosphate, and GlcNAc-6-sulfate. Considering the low K(m) and high k(cat)/K(m) for GlcNAc-6-phosphate, it probably acts as a GlcNAc-6-phosphate deacetylase in vivo. The enzyme was functional in the temperature range of 5 degrees to 70 degrees C and displayed optimal activity at 55 degrees C. The optimal temperature was higher than that of the deacetylase from the mesophilic bacterium Vibrio cholerae non-O1. The characteristics of the GlcNAc-6-phosphate deacetylase from Alteromonas sp. are unique among psychrotrophs and psychrophiles, whose intracellular enzymes are mostly thermolabile.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2000

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma arising in a bronchogenic cyst.

We report the case of a 37-year-old woman with a radiographically cystic lung lesion. Lobectomy was performed. Histopathologic examination showed a bronchioloalveolar carcinoma arising in a bronchogenic cyst. This suggests that epithelial cells of bronchogenic cysts can undergo malignant transformation. It may be prudent to recommend complete resection of any bronchogenic cyst.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗

PubMed2000

The effects of water extracts of CagA positive or negative Helicobacter pylori on proliferation, apoptosis and connexin formation in acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer of rats.

AIM: To investigate the influence of water extracts of CagA-positive or -negative Helicobacter pylori on healing of chronic gastric ulcers and on connexin formation, proliferation and apoptosis, in acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcers in rats. METHODS: Acetic acid was used to induce chronic gastric ulcers in rats, and a water extract of H. pylori was given by mouth every day. Connexin 32 formation was assessed using Western blotting as previously described. The frequencies of proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining and of TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling were examined. RESULTS: In untreated rats, acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers healed after 14 days and the electrophoretic band corresponding to connexin 32 appeared 4 days after ulcer induction. Treatment with a water extract of H. pylori delayed ulcer healing, with the ulcers remaining unhealed even on the 14th day; healing was delayed more when treatment was with an extract of CagA-positive rather than CagA-negative H. pylori. Connexin 32 appeared earlier when treatment was with a CagA-negative rather than a CagA-positive extract, but in both cases later than in the untreated control group. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen labelling on the fourth day was seen in 14.5% +/- 1.6% of mucosal cells of control group, but in 35.9% +/- 1.4% and 36.5% +/- 1.4% of mucosal cells treated with either VacA(+)CagA(-) and VacA(+)CagA(+) H. pylori extract, respectively. Furthermore, extracts of both H. pylori strains, especially VacA(+)Cag(+) H. pylori promoted apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: A water extract of H. pylori increased both proliferation and apoptosis, which are related to exacerbation and healing of ulcer as well as appearance of connexin 32.

Acetic Acid↗

PubMed2000

MDM2 expression is associated with progress of disease and WAF1 expression in resected lung cancer.

Although MDM2, p21/WAF1, and p53 are considered as regulating each other based on in vitro studies, the relation in human lung cancer is not fully understood. The expressions of these proteins were examined immunohistochemically in 112 resected non-small cell lung cancer specimens and the correlation between them were analyzed. MDM2 was expressed in 45% of all lung cancers. In advanced stage, MDM2-positive cases were observed more frequently than in early stage, showing significant difference. No significant difference was observed in the prognosis of the patients regardless of the expression of any protein. Although no correlation was observed between MDM2 expression and p53 expression, or between p21/WAF1 expression and p53 expression, MDM2 expression was strongly related with p21/WAF1 expression. Therefore, MDM2 expression may relate to the progress of the stage of lung cancer, and MDM2 expression and p21/WAF1 expression may be associated not through the p53-related pathway.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2000

[Strategy of treatment for roentgenographically occult lung cancer].

Roentgenographically occult bronchogenic squamous cell carcinomas(ROCs) are very small hilar type lung cancer that grow superficially and localize mainly in the bronchial wall, and these patients are expected to have an excellent prognosis after resection. When a ROC is limited within bronchoscopic visibility and less than 10 mm in longitudinal extension and its bronchoscopic findings are slight thickening and flat or wavelet, the tumor is a good candidate for photodynamic therapy. When a ROC is limited within bronchoscopic visibility, the tumor is a good candidate for segmentectomy with curative intent. The tumor invading beyond bronchial wall and/or nodal involvement should be treated by standard operation.

Bronchoscopy↗

PubMed2000

Chronic graft-versus-host disease in children and adolescents after bone marrow transplantation from HLA-matched donors.

We analyzed 98 pediatric patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from serologically HLA-matched related donors (RD) or unrelated donors (UD) at our institute to clarify the actual status of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). There were 36 evaluable cases of RD-BMT and 35 of UD-BMT. cGVHD was observed in 8 RD-BMT cases (22.2%) and in 23 UD-BMT cases (65.7%). In the RD-BMT cases, the limited and extensive types of cGVHD were observed in 4 cases each, whereas in the UD-BMT cases, the limited type was seen in 11 cases and the extensive type in 12. Prior acute GVHD was observed in 6 RD-BMT cases and in 18 UD-BMT cases. Two RD-BMT patients with extensive type cGVHD died of relapse and cytomegalovirus infection, and 4 UD-BMT patients died because of bronchiolitis obliterans, fungal infection, liver failure, and multiple organ failure, respectively. The incidence of cGVHD in these pediatric patients was as high as that in adult patients when UD-BMT was performed. Some UD-BMT patients required long-term immunosuppressive therapy after BMT. These findings suggest that cGVHD is a serious problem in pediatric UD-BMT. Therefore, intensive prophylaxis and treatment of GVHD must always be performed after UD-BMT.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

[A case of bronchial stump recurrence of lung cancer successfully treated with chemoradiotherapy using cisplatin plus vinorelbine].

A 61-year-old man, who had undergone right upper lobectomy for lung cancer about nineteen months earlier, was examined at our hospital for hemoptysis. A bronchial stump recurrence was observed by chest CT and bronchoscopy. The patient underwent chemoradiotherapy using cisplatin (CDDP) and vinorelbine (VNB). Irradiation was started (total 60 Gy/30 fr/6 weeks) about four weeks before the onset of chemotherapy. Chemotherapy consisted of 2 cycles of CDDP 80 mg/m2 on day 1 and VNB 15 mg/m2 on day 1, 8. The dose of VNB was increased to 25 mg/m2 during cycle 2 because cycle 2 was without radiotherapy. After the chemoradiotherapy, the recurrent tumor disappeared on a CT scan and bronchoscopy. Chemoradiotherapy using CDDP plus VNB regimen is considered effective, without serious side effects for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗