Biomedical subjects

C Endo

Publications and source records attributed to C Endo.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

Preservation of the roots--management and prevention protocols for cracked tooth syndrome.

It is essential that symptomatic fractures of teeth be suitably diagnosed to prevent propagation of the fracture and continuation of the symptoms. The importance of understanding the mechanism and progression of fractures within teeth is essential when considering the management of fractures within teeth. The relation of the fracture line to the pulp, periodontal ligament and root will influence the management protocols for the involved teeth. When does a Cracked Tooth Syndrome (CTS) become a cracked tooth i.e., unrestorable? Consideration is also required regarding when endodontic treatment should be commenced. Further, suitable-coronal restoration of teeth is required to prevent propagation of the fracture line and persistence of the symptoms. Patients diagnosed with CTS should be counselled in strategies to prevent CTS in other teeth.

Clinical Protocols↗

PubMed1999

Five-year survivors with resected pN2 nonsmall cell lung carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Some patients with resected pN2 lung carcinoma were long term survivors. To determine appropriate therapeutic modalities for the selected patients, the clinicopathologic characteristics of these patients were examined using the actual number of survivors rather than the cumulative survival rate because the cumulative survival rate occasionally is confounded due to patients with short follow-up periods. METHODS: Between 1981-1990, 178 patients with pN2 nonsmall cell lung carcinoma underwent complete resection with systemic lymph node dissection. The ratios of 5-year survivors to all patients in groups with several clinicopathologic factors were compared. RESULTS: Gender, the side that was operated on, location of the tumor, histologic type, or surgical procedure were not related to the ratio of 5-year survivors. However, T classification, skip metastasis, and the number of levels involved were associated with the ratio significantly. The authors also found that the location of the involved lymph node(s) affected the ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Even in the presence of pN2 disease, lung carcinoma patients with T1 tumors, skip metastasis, or single level mediastinal lymph node involvement, especially Level 4, Level 5, or Level 6 lymph nodes, had a relatively favorable prognosis and may be candidates for primary resection.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung↗

PubMed1999

Vocal fold injection of collagen for unilateral vocal fold paralysis caused by chest diseases.

BACKGROUND: Patients having malignant chest diseases sometimes suffer from vocal fold paralysis. Treatment for vocal fold paralysis is important for such patients, because vocal fold paralysis causes lack of the versatility of the human voice which is essential for our communication. METHODS: Seventeen patients suffering from unilateral vocal fold paralysis were treated with vocal fold injections of collagen. Three patients received twice, and 20 treatments were conducted. A flexible bronchofiberscope was used under local anesthesia in order to observe the whole procedure of vocal fold injection. Using an injector and a long needle, collagen was injected with transcutaneous technique mainly through the cricothyroid membrane. The amount of collagen was determined with bronchoscopic findings. RESULTS: During and after treatment, no complication was observed. Of 20 treatments, a marked improvement was observed in 8, and moderate improvement was observed in 9 treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Vocal fold injection of collagen is a very useful and safe treatment for unilateral vocal fold paralysis caused by chest diseases.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

What kind of hilar lung cancer can be a candidate for segmentectomy with curative intent?: Retrospective clinicopathological study of completely resected roentgenographically occult bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma.

Although a randomized control trial demonstrated that limited surgery for small peripheral lung cancers was not as curative as lobectomy, there have been no reports concerning segmentectomy for small hilar lung cancers. In this study, we analyzed the clinicopathological features of roentgenographically occult bronchogenic squamous cell carcinomas in order to select candidates for limited resection with curative intent. From April 1982 through June 1995, 105 roentgenographically occult bronchogenic squamous cell carcinomas whose proximal edge of the lesion was more peripheral than the orifice of the segmental bronchus were completely resected. The bronchoscopic findings of the lesions were classified into three categories: remarkable, minute and hidden. Moreover, in terms of the range of endoscopic visibility, the lesions were classified into two categories: lesions within the range of endoscopic visibility and those beyond it. If lymph nodes show no signs of metastasis, roentgenographically occult bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma is regarded as localized carcinoma and can be a candidate for segmentectomy with curative intent. In cases with minute or hidden bronchoscopic findings or of lesions within the range of endoscopic visibility, metastatic lymph nodes were never observed. Accordingly, roentgenographically occult bronchogenic squamous cell carcinomas with minute or hidden bronchoscopic findings or those within the range of endoscopic visibility can be candidates for curative segmentectomy.

Bronchoscopy↗

PubMed1998

Sequential loss of heterozygosity in the progression of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

Radiographically occult bronchogenic squamous cell carcinomas are early lung cancers that localize mainly in the bronchial wall, and are thought to be a good model for investigating genetic alterations through lung cancer progression. In order to elucidate sequential genetic changes in lung cancers, we analysed the incidence of allelic losses on chromosome regions 2q33, 3p21, 5q21, 7q31, 9p21 and 17p13 for 40 cases of radiographically occult bronchogenic squamous-cell carcinomas and 40 cases of advanced lung cancers microdissected. In this study we used eight microsatellite dinucleotide polymorphic markers. Frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was observed on 3p21 (53%), 5q21 (44%) and 17p13 (61%) in roentgenographically occult bronchogenic squamous cell carcinomas. 2q, 7q and 9p were lost less frequently in both roentgenographically occult bronchogenic squamous cell carcinomas and advanced lung cancers. These results suggest that several tumour-suppressor genes are associated with lung cancer progression and that genetic changes on 3p21, 5q21 and 17p13 are early events.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗

PubMed1998

[Value of transtracheobronchial ultrasonography in the assessment of mediastinal lymphadenopathy in patients with lung cancer].

In patients with lung cancer, decisions regarding treatment can depend on the diagnosis of hilar and mediastinal nodal involvement. We prospectively compared the diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT) with that of transtracheobronchial ultrasonography (TUS) in the evaluation of lymphadenopathy. Five patients with resectable lung cancer were studied. TUS was done with EU-M 20 or M 30 and lymph nodes located at #3, #4, #7, ipsilateral #10, and #11 were observed and measured. TUS findings, CT findings, and histological findings were evaluated and compared. The sizes of lymph nodes as measured by TUS were similar to or slightly smaller than their sizes as measured by CT. Hilar lymph nodes and lymph nodes located at right #4 were clearly observed with TUS, but were sometimes unclear with CT. Diagnosis of model involvement by TUS needs further study.

Bronchoscopy↗

PubMed1998

Chromosome bands 3p14.2, 9p21, and 13q14 are frequently deleted in roentgenographically occult bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

Roentgenographically occult bronchogenic squamous cell carcinomas are early lung cancers that localize mainly within the bronchial wall and are thought to be a good model for elucidating chromosomal alterations during lung cancer progression. In this study, we analyzed allelic losses on chromosome regions 1p36, 3p14.2, 9p21, 10q25.3-q26.1, 13q14.12-q14.2, and 16q24.1-q24.2, in which there are putative tumor suppressor genes that may play roles in lung carcinogenesis. Forty-five cases with roentgenographically occult bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma (ROC) and 47 cases of bronchogenic carcinoma with abnormal shadows (roentgenographically nonoccult bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma [RNOC]) were examined. Highly frequent LOHs in both ROCs and RNOCs were observed in chromosome regions 3p14.2, 9p21, and 13q14.1-q14.2. LOHs were more frequently observed in RNOCs than in ROCs at two loci: 10q25.3-q26.1 and 16q24.1-q24.2. These results suggested that (1) putative tumor suppressor genes exist on 3p14.2, 9p21, 10q25.3-q26.1, 13q14.12-q14.2, and 16q24.1-q24.2, which may play important roles in lung carcinogenesis; (2) mutations in genes at 3p14.2, 9p21, and 13q14.12-q14.2 represent rather early events in lung carcinogenesis; and (3) mutations in genes on 10q25.3-q26.1 and 16q24.1-q24.2 represent rather late events.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

[Ultrasonographic findings of diseases in peripheral lung fields using transtracheobronchial endoscopic ultrasonography (TUS)].

Nineteen patients with diseases in peripheral lung fields, including 14 with lung cancer, 1 brochiectasis, 1 with pleural effusion, 1 with sclerosing haemangioma and 2 with inflammatory lung diseases were examined with transtracheobronchial endoscopic ultrasonography (TUS) using an Olympus EU-M 20 and UM-2 R (12 MHz) or UM-3 R (30 MHz). The internal structures of the lesions, including necrosis and bronchial tissues, were readily observable, as were the intrapulmonary lymph nodes, including the swollen and heterogenous internal structures of metastatic lymph nodes. TUS is useful for diagnosis of peripheral lung diseases.

Endosonography↗

PubMed1997

[A child of malignant lymphoma diagnosed by transbronchial aspiration cytology under general anesthesia with a laryngeal mask].

A 8-year-old male with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome was admitted to our hospital because of left hilar swelling on a chest roentgeonogram. Bronchofiberscopy and transbronchial aspiration cytology (TBAC) was performed under general anesthesia with a laryngeal mask. The specimen obtained by TBAC was immediately stained and diagnosed as malignant lymphoma. One month later, thoracotomy was performed in order to get more detail diagnosis, which is necessary to determine the regimen of chemotherapy, and the nodal specimen were diagnosed as Hodgkin's disease. The ABVD therapy was performed which induced the complete remission. The laryngeal mask is a useful device for bronchofiberscopy in children.

Anesthesia, General↗

PubMed1996

A method of measuring dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC): effect of dexamethasone on DPPC secretion in fetal rat alveolar type II cell culture.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method by which to measure dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), which is the most prevalent phospholipid in lung surfactant, by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and to measure DPPC secretion in type-II alveolar cell culture to determine whether glucocorticoid has a direct accerelating effect. METHOD: Type-II alveolar cell suspensions were made with fetal rat lungs and then cultured. Dexamethasone, (10(-9), 10(-8) M) was added to some of the culture dishes. DPPC was extracted from the culture medium, purified, and measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: In the measurements of DPPC, the specificity of isolation and measurement parity were excellent [coefficient of variation: intraassay; 5.66% (0.005 mg/ml), 25.37% (0.05 mg/ml): interassay; 8.35% (0.005 mg/ml), 0.08% (0.05 mg/ml)]. The DPPC concentration in the culture dishes of the dexamethasone was not significantly different than that of the control dishes (Student's t-test). CONCLUSION: The above results prove that dexamethasone does not directly stimulate lung alveolar type-II cells.

1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine↗

PubMed1996

Extracellular matrix components in dilated cardiomyopathy. Immunohistochemical study of endomyocardial biopsy specimens.

Fibrotic change is one of the characteristic features of the heart with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), but the extracellular matrix components have not been fully clarified. Fibronectin, laminin, and types IV, I and III collagen staining using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method was conducted to study the localization of extracellular matrix components in biopsy specimens obtained from 7 patients with DCM. Fibronectin was observed in the endomysium and perimysium, co-existent with types I and III collagen; it was also distributed nonhomogeneously in the replacement fibrotic lesions. The staining intensity in a section varied substantially from location to location. Laminin surrounded the myocytes and was distributed in the endomysium localized together with type IV collagen, but it was not found in the perimysium. Weak but positive staining was observed in replacement fibrotic lesions in 2 patients. Similarly to laminin, type IV collagen staining was observed around the myocytes and in the endomysium. It was also observed in replacement fibrotic lesions in 4 patients either with or without laminin. Type I collagen, localized together with type III collagen, was distributed in both the endomysium and perimysium. It was also distributed nonhomogeneously in the replacement fibrotic lesions. Similar staining to type I collagen was seen for type III collagen. In summary, all examined components were observed in the fibrotic lesions with no primary deficit of any examined component being demonstrated. The variability of staining intensity and positive fibronectin staining suggests that the phases of fibrotic changes differed substantially from location to location.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Detection of HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies among Chlamydia trachomatis infected pregnant women in Japan.

An anonymous unlinked HIV antibody test was conducted on 1632 Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) antibody positive women from 10 institutes of 7 prefectures in Japan. All the sera were negative for both HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. The result may support the suggestion that HIV prevalence is low among general population in Japan. Such a test as this study will be useful not only for developing a reliable HIV surveillance system but also for the study of sexual behavior of general population, since C. trachomatis infection is sensitive to reflect sexual contact.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Acute myocardial infarction and silent myocardial ischemia in the elderly--clinical features and effectiveness of therapy in an era of coronary intervention].

To elucidate the clinical features of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and post-MI silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) in the elderly, and efficacy of therapy in an era of coronary intervention, a total of 10,607 patients with AMI who were enrolled in a multicenter survey between 1982 and 1992 were examined. The elderly had a higher ratio of females, noncardiac illness, atypical symptoms at the onset of AMI, severe pump failure at admission, cardiac rupture and multivessel disease. Hospital mortality was markedly higher in patients > or = 75 years, and it was 4-fold compared with patients < 65 years. In the last 5 years, the rate of application of coronary angiography and primary PTCA significantly increased even in the very elderly. In contrast, use of thrombolysis highly diminished. Hospital mortality declined (14.6 vs 11.9%, p < 0.001) in every age group compared with the first 5 years, although it was higher in the elderly even in the last 5 years. Investigation of 642 survivors after AMI admitted to one hospital showed that the elderly had a higher incidence of SMI and post-MI angina compared with the non-elderly. Clinical features of SMI were similar in both groups. However, medical treatment was more prevalent and recurrence of MI and cardiac death during follow-up (average 27 months) were more frequent in the elderly. In this retrospective study, characteristics of AMI and SMI, and effectiveness and limitation of therapy in the elderly were clearly demonstrated. It was evident that hospital mortality of the elderly had improved, although it was still higher than the non-elderly.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

[The clinical significance of minimal residual disease of acute leukemia with t(4;11) (q21;q23)].

Hybrid fusion genes are specific tumor markers of several leukemic subtypes. The use of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to amplify chimeric cDNAs allows sensitive detection of the leukemia clone. The clinical relevance of minimal residual disease (MRD) remains controversial. In this report, an infantile acute lymphoblastic leukemia with t(4;11) (q21; q23) was analyzed after each treatment for the presence of MRD by RT-PCR amplification of the MLL/LTG4 fusion gene which became available recently. The patient soon achieved a hematological CR, after induction therapy, and underwent autologous BMT following consolidation chemotherapy for 9 months. However, he relapsed three months after the BMT. MRD was always detectable during his clinical course. These findings suggest that the detection of MRD of the MLL/LTG4 fusion transcript is a useful tool for monitoring MRD and selecting treatment.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1996

[Detection of early cancer by lung cancer screening].

A total of 1,615,010 person-years in 64 local municipalities were screened from April 1982 through March 1990. All participants were screened annually by chest X-ray, and participants of high risk group were screened by both chest X-ray and sputum cytology. 76,522 person-years(4.7%) were screened by sputum cytology. Among 148 lung cancer patients(0.194%) detected by sputum cytology, 132 were squamous cell carcinoma, and 116(78%) were chest X-ray negative. 90 patients were proved to be Stage 0 or I after resection, and 47 were less than 10 mm in diameter. On the contrary, 166 out of 432 detected patients detected by chest X-ray only, were proved to be Stage I after resection, and 4 patients were less than 10 mm in diameter. Thus, sputum cytology for high risk group were effective to detect early lung cancer.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMed1995

Asian hereditary neuropathy patients with peripheral myelin protein-22 gene aneuploidy.

Japanese hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy (HNPP) patients have a deletion of one peripheral myelin protein-22 (PMP22) gene region in distal chromosome band 17p11.2 as do Caucasian patients. Japanese and Asiatic Indian CMT1A patients have a PMP22 gene duplication that results in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type IA (CMT1A; HMSNIA) in patients of European and Middle Eastern ancestry. About 70% of Japanese CMT1 patients have a PMP22 duplication as do Caucasians, while Japanese CMT1B, CMT2 and Dejerine-Sottas patients to not have PMP22 gene region aneuploidy. Although HNPP and CMT1A genotypes are generated simultaneously by unequal recombination that results in PMP22 gene aneuploidy in each daughter cell, only 3 Japanese HNPP probands with PMP22 deletion from a large patient population were referred to a single center compared to 18 referred CMT1A probands with PMP22 duplication. This lower HNPP frequency more likely reflects lower HNPP reproductive fitness than patient ascertainment bias because disease severity and variation in severity is about the same in CMT1A and HNPP patients and because all patients of both types were referred regardless of disease severity. These results, along with an apparently high de novo CMT1A mutation rate, suggest that common ancestors of Japanese, Asian Indians, and Caucasians carried PMP22 geneflanking sequences that enhance unequal crossing over.

Aneuploidy↗

PubMed1995

Q-wave regression unrelated to patency of infarct-related artery or left ventricular ejection fraction or volume after anterior wall acute myocardial infarction treated with or without reperfusion therapy.

We examined the relation of Q-wave regression to left ventricular (LV) indexes in acute anterior wall myocardial infarction (AMI) in relation to reperfusion therapy. A total of 94 patients with their first anterior wall AMI (segment 6 or 7 occlusion according to the American Heart Association classification) were examined. The follow-up period with 12-lead electrocardiograms ranged from 6 to 60 months (mean 24 +/- 18). An abnormal Q wave was defined as > 40 ms and > 25% of the R-wave amplitude. Q-wave regression was defined as Q-wave disappearance and r-wave regression > 0.1 mV in > or = 1 lead. Contingency tables with the chi-square test and analysis of variance were used for assessment of the relation between Q-wave regression and angiographic and clinical indexes. Q-wave regression in > or = 1 lead was found in 77% of the patients. The incidence of Q-wave regression in patients with patent infarct-related artery (81%) was not significantly different from that in those with an occluded lesion (67%). Q-wave regression appeared within 1 month in 60% of patients with a patent infarct-related artery but in 25% of those with an occluded lesion. No difference in the incidence of Q-wave regression was seen between patients with lesions at segments 6 (81%) and 7 (70%), or between those with (75%) and without (77%) collateral circulation. Q-wave regression did not correlate with LV ejection fraction, LV end-diastolic or end-systolic volumes, or regional wall motion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Effects of endothelins on mechanical activity and inositol phosphate production in pregnant rat myometrium.

Endothelins (ETs) caused concentration-dependent contraction in pregnant rat myometrium. ET-2 was as potent as ET-1 in affecting contractile responses, whereas ET-3 was considerably less potent than ET-1 or ET-2. ETs also increased inositol phosphate (IP) production in a dose-dependent manner, with IP production paralleling the contractile response. The rank order of potency for both the contractile responses and IP production was ET-1 = ET-2 > ET-3. When we compared the important oxytocic agent oxytocin, we found that oxytocin (10(-7) M) strongly increased contractility and IP production, and the responses were comparable to those elicited by ET-1 (10(-7) M) and ET-2 (10(-7) M). These results suggest that ET-induced myometrial contraction involves phospholipase C activation, and that a subtype of endothelin receptor existing in pregnant rat myometrium could be classified as ETA.

Animals↗