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Biomedical subjects

C Endo

Publications and source records attributed to C Endo.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The bone mineral density change with aging of Japanese women measured by single energy X-ray absorptiometry and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.

The calcaneus bone mineral density of 473 Japanese women was measured by single energy X-ray absorptiometry (SXA) and the vertebrae bone mineral density of 198 Japanese women was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The calcaneus bone mineral density of Japanese women starts decreasing from age 30, and the rate of decrease accelerates from the age of 50. The vertebrae bone mineral density starts decreasing from the age of 35, and a conspicuous decrease can be seen from the age of 50 as well. Because bone deterioration of Japanese women is thought to start earlier than Caucasian, the necessity of osteoporosis screening before menopause was suggested. A high positive correlation (r = 0.804) between calcaneus bone mineral density and vertebrae bone mineral density was found, and a high degree of precision of SXA was shown.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1993

Occurrence of primary biliary cirrhosis, CREST syndrome and Sjögren's syndrome in a patient with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy.

We report the occurrence of three autoimmune diseases (primary biliary cirrhosis, CREST syndrome and Sjögren's syndrome) in a patient with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM). The patient had the depressed cell-mediated immune responses but the infiltration of CD8-T cells was found in the cerebrospinal fluid and liver. The clinical and immunological features of this case are similar to those of chronic graft-versus-host disease.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1993

Induction of the acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa by human zona pellucida and effect of cervical mucus on zona-induced acrosome reaction.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the induction of the acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa by the zona pellucida (ZP), cumulus oophorus, and cervical mucus (CM), and to examine the effect of cumulus oophorus and CM on the zona-induced acrosome reaction. DESIGN, PATIENTS, MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The acrosome status of spermatozoa from healthy donors that were cultured with salt-stored human ZP, cumulus oophorus, and/or cervical mucus was assessed using fluoresceinated pisum sativum agglutinin. RESULTS: The acrosome reaction rate after sperm attachment to the zona for 6 hours was 35.7% +/- 17.7%, which was higher than controls (2.8% +/- 1.9%). The acrosome reaction was not observed after passage through cumulus oophorus or CM; however, the acrosome reaction rate of spermatozoa passed through CM after the attachment to zona was 51.6% +/- 6.8%, a higher value in comparison with spermatozoa that had not passed through CM (25.6% +/- 9.4%). CONCLUSION: These data indicate that human ZP are capable of inducing the acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa; however, cumulus oophorus and CM are unable to do so. The data further provide evidence that CM promotes the zona-induced acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1993

Clinicopathological analysis of 19 cases of isolated carcinoma in situ of the bronchus.

Nineteen cases of isolated squamous cell carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the bronchus were described clinicopathologically from among 149 male heavy smokers with roentgenographically occult lung cancer discovered mainly by mass screening performed from 1982 to 1991. All 19 patients had positive sputum cytology tests and negative chest x-ray films and underwent lobectomy (except one who had segmentectomy because of poor lung function). Prior to operation, localization was accomplished by one to eight bronchoscopies using repetitive brush cytology and biopsy. Five cases were bronchoscopically invisible. Polypoid protuberance was noted in three cases, micronodular swelling in three, thickening of spur in five, and mucosal granularity in three. Histology by serial block sectioning showed that there was no nodal involvement in any cases; the maximum length or diameter was 12 mm. Thirteen tumors were < or = 4 mm, four of which were confined to the spur where they occurred. Follow-up data showed a favorable prognosis. Segmentectomy or sleeve resection of bronchus without mediastinal lymph node dissection may be adequate for CIS.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Progressive degeneration of motor nerve terminals in GAD mutant mouse with hereditary sensory axonopathy.

The evolution of motor nerve degeneration was examined in gracile axonal dystrophy (GAD) mutant mice, which develop initial sensory ataxia and subsequent motor paresis. Using the anterior gracilis (AG) muscle, which is innervated at two discrete and well-separated endplate zones, we demonstrated that axonal degeneration occurred first at motor nerve terminals in the distal endplate zone, and then extended gradually from the distal to the more proximal parts of affected axons in the intra-muscular nerve trunk. In contrast to the degeneration in the distal zone, active degeneration was less marked in the proximal endplate zone and, furthermore, most terminal axons had begun to produce regenerating sprouts. Ventral horn cells were histologically normal, even at advanced stages. These results indicate that, as previously observed in sensory nerves, dying back degeneration progresses later in the lower motor neuron system, even within one muscle. The mechanism(s) influencing the activation of axonal regeneration are discussed. This mutant mouse will be a useful model for the study of regenerating phenomena in dying back degeneration of genetically compromised motor neurons, as well as for the study of the pathogenesis of hereditary sensory and motor neuropathies in man.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1993

Pharmacological characteristics of contractile responses of rabbit uterine cervices to electrical field stimulation.

The pharmacological characteristics of contractile responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS) of uterine cervical muscular strips taken from non-pregnant and pregnant rabbits were investigated, in vitro. The contractile responses to EFS of both non-pregnant and pregnant muscular strips were markedly depressed by treatment with prazosin 1 microM, while the responses were only slightly depressed by treatment with atropine 1 microM. Propranolol 1 microM did not affect the responses. Guanethidine 10 microM and tetrodotoxin (TTX) 10 microM also depressed the contractile responses to EFS of both non-pregnant and pregnant muscular strips. However, the depressive effects of the latter 2 drugs were more marked in non-pregnant muscular strips than in pregnant ones. These findings indicate that the uterine cervical smooth muscle is predominantly innervated with adrenergic excitatory nerve fibers. The cholinergic innervation in uterine cervical smooth muscle seems minor. Furthermore, during pregnancy, a TTX-resistant, non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic component might increase the contractile response of uterine cervical smooth muscle to EFS.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Prostaglandins biosynthesis in the rabbit uterine cervix at various stages of pregnancy.

The accumulation of prostaglandins (PGs: 6-keto PGF1 alpha, PGE2, PGF2 alpha and TXB2) elicited by A-23187, a Ca(2+)-ionophore, was studied in the uterine cervical tissue taken from non-pregnant and pregnant (10th, 20th and 30th day of pregnancy) rabbits in vitro. At every stage of pregnancy, the accumulation of PGs levels increased as follows; 6-keto PGF1 alpha, PGE2, PGF2 alpha and TXB2. Biosynthesis of each began to increase from the 20th day of pregnancy, and was significantly elevated at the 30th day. Especially, 6-keto PGF1 alpha and PGE2 were remarkably higher than PGF2 alpha and TXB2 at term, and so they are thought to play a more important role in cervical dilation and ripening than the other PGs. Six-keto PGF1 alpha was significantly elevated on the 20th day, when other PGs had not yet began to increase. It is thus conceivable that PGI2 plays an important role in the predispositing of cervical ripening.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Lesions preceding squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchus and multicentricity of canceration--serial slicing of minute lung cancers smaller than 1 mm.

A total of ten minute squamous cell carcinomas smaller than 1 mm were found in surgical lung specimens from 108 patients who had roentgenographically occult lung cancer. These minute lesions were detected by submitting, in all the 108 specimens, the whole bronchial tree to 2-mm-thick sequential transverse slicing which was then followed by microscopic examination of each slice on an H-E stained section. When a focus of minute carcinoma was found, the slice was further serially sectioned to study whether there were such carcinoma-related lesions as dysplasia or other atypical changes of epithelia, and when there were, the spatial relation of these with the carcinoma. It was demonstrated that all the minute carcinomas were closely associated with either dysplasia or what we call "basal cells with marked atypia", cells with markedly enlarged nuclei arranged in linear fashion on the basement membrane. The contiguity of these changes with minute carcinoma strongly suggested that they are lesions preceding overt carcinoma. Also, there were some minute foci of carcinoma, which, though not involving the entire epithelial thickness, proved to have already begun microinvasion.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Wound healing process in the portio vaginalis uteri after CO2-laser treatment.

In order to determine the would healing process in the portio vaginalis uteri, 3[H]-thymidine incorporation and hydroxyproline concentration in the granulation tissue were measured histochemically after CO2-laser treatment. As a result, the squamous epithelium showed the thymidine uptake in extended regions in the first week and in basel cell hyperplastic regions in the second week. The uptake was seen in the reserve cell hyperplastic regions of the epithelium from the 2nd week. Hydroxyproline concentration peaks mostly appeared within one week after the laser treatment. After cryosurgery, the peaks mostly appeared after two weeks or more. These results indicated that, the stromas and then the squamous and columnar epithelial cells in turn were regenerated after CO2-laser treatment, and that the regeneration occurred earlier after laser treatment than after cryosurgery.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1993

Relation between bronchoscopic findings and tumor size of roentgenographically occult bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma.

A total of 105 lesions in 98 patients with roentgenographically occult bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma were examined. The relationship of bronchoscopic findings to the depth of invasion into the bronchial wall and the length of longitudinal extension along the bronchus was documented. From viewpoints of the degree of difficulty of bronchoscopic detection and with reference to the height of the lesions, the bronchoscopic findings were classified into three categories: remarkable, minute, and hidden. Of the 105 lesions, 55 (52%) were remarkable, 27 (26%) were minute, and the remaining 23 (22%) were hidden. Of the 23 hidden lesions, 12 were within and 11 were beyond the range of endoscopic visibility. The maximal depth of bronchial invasion (mean +/- standard error) was 3.07 +/- 0.40 mm in the category designated remarkable and 1.62 +/- 0.47 mm in the category designated minute. The depth was 0.93 +/- 0.36 mm in the hidden lesions within the range of endoscopic visibility and 0.78 +/- 0.21 mm in the hidden lesions beyond the range of endoscopic visibility. The maximal length of longitudinal extension along the bronchus was 19.6 +/- 1.5 mm in the remarkable lesions, 9.9 +/- 1.4 mm in the minute lesions, 5.5 +/- 1.0 mm in the hidden lesions within the range of endoscopic visibility, and 8.6 +/- 2.1 mm in the hidden lesions beyond the range of endoscopic visibility. It is useful for predicting the depth of invasion to classify bronchoscopic findings into these three categories for the study of roentgenographically occult bronchogenic squamous cell carcinomas.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[A case of flexion myelopathy with thoracic outlet syndrome].

A 26-year-old woman had the right shoulder pain, weakness in her right arm, and noticed coldness in her right arm when it is down. On examination, she had droopy shoulder dominantly in right side, weakness and paresthesia in her right upper limb in the distribution of C8-Th1. The thoracic outlet compression tests were positive in her right side. Angiography of the right subclavian artery and brachial plexography under Allen's position revealed compression at the thoracic outlet. A cervical MRI revealed localized atrophy of the spinal cord (right side dominant) at the level of C5-6 vertebral body. Her spinal cord and dural sac moved anteriorly in cervical flexion. Droopy shoulder may be a risk factor of thoracic outlet syndrome and also flexion myelopathy. Double crush nerve compression of lower motor neuron at anterior horn of the cord and at the thoracic outlet may have accelerated the symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Physiological study of the spinothalamic tract conduction in multiple sclerosis.

This is the first paper to study the physiological function of the spinothalamic tract in multiple sclerosis (MS) using pain-related somatosensory evoked potentials (pain SEPs) following CO2 laser stimulation. Among 12 patients with MS, hand- and foot-stimulated pain SEPs were significantly delayed or absent in 3 and 7, respectively. These results were totally consistent with clinical impairment of pain-temperature sensation. In contrast, the results of conventional electrically-stimulated SEPs were compatible with impairment of vibration sensation. Therefore, the examination of both pain and electric SEPs is very useful to evaluate the physiological function of the ascending spinal tract in patients with MS.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Pain-related somatosensory evoked potentials following CO2 laser stimulation in peripheral neuropathies.

Pain-related somatosensory evoked potentials (pain SEPs) following CO2 laser stimulation were examined in 30 patients with peripheral neuropathies, and the results were compared with clinical sensory findings. Pain SEP findings showed a significant correlation with the clinical impairment of pain sensation, but not with the impairment of deep sensations. In contrast, conventional electrically-stimulated SEPs (electric SEPs) showed a significant correlation with deep sensations, but not with the impairment of pain sensation. Examinations of both pain SEPs and electric SEPs, therefore, are considered to be very useful to evaluate physiological functions of sensory nerves in patients with peripheral neuropathies.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Systemic interferon-alpha in the treatment of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy.

Treatment with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) was undertaken in 16 patients with human T-lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy (HAM). All patients had progressive spastic paraparesis before treatment. Twelve patients were enrolled in an open therapeutic trial with a dose of 3.0 x 10(6) IU/day of IFN-alpha and 4 in a randomized, double-blind, multidose (3.0 x 10(6), 1.0 x 10(6) or 0.3 x 10(6) IU/day) trial. IFN-alpha was injected intramuscularly for 28 days. Eight of 12 patients enrolled in an open trial and 2 patients receiving a dose of 3.0 x 10(6) IU/day of IFN-alpha in a randomized trial showed clinical improvements during and after the treatment. The results showed that, although not for all patients, systemic IFN-alpha with a dose of 3.0 x 10(6) IU/day is effective in the treatment of HAM.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Accelerated aging of the brain in Werner's syndrome.

We report the electrophysiologic examination of a 55-year-old woman with Werner's syndrome. Needle EMG and peripheral conduction studies were normal. In contrast, EEG was moderately abnormal, the N20 and P25 potentials of SEPs were delayed and enlarged, and the event-related potential, P300, was delayed. These characteristic findings indicated accelerated aging of the brain, as in the other organs, in Werner's syndrome.

Brain↗
PubMed1992

Cytologic assessment of peroperative pleural effusion and prognosis in lung cancer patients who underwent resection.

Twenty-five of 108 lung cancer patients who underwent resection had cytologically positive pleural effusions. The rate at which cancer cells were detected was not related to the amount of the effusion. Almost one third of patients with cancer cells in effusion were alive at the end of the third postoperative year, provided that the pleura itself was free of metastasis at the time of operation. Correlation of the cytologically positive rate of pleural effusion (Y) with the degree of pleural metastasis (X1), the degree of pleural involvement (X2), or the degree of nodal involvement (X3) was analyzed using the Hayashi's quantification method type I. The multiple correlation coefficient was 0.843. Partial correlation coefficients of X1, X2, and X3 were 0.733, 0.446, and 0.653, respectively. Pleural metastasis had the strongest effect on the cytologically positive rate of pleural effusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

An improved method of bronchial stump closure for prevention of bronchopleural fistula in pulmonary resection.

We performed 880 pulmonary resections from January 1982 to June 1988 using Sweet's procedure for closure of the bronchial stump, in which 39 patients (4.4%) developed bronchial fistulas. Bronchoscopic studies showed that bronchopleural fistulas were located mainly at the corner of the stump. This indicates that the corner is the point with the highest tension when Sweet's procedure is employed. In some cases, stumps were injured by suture materials, resulting in bronchopleural fistulas. Since July 1988, bronchial stumps have been closed by using two pairs of teflon pledgets with additional interrupted sutures. From July 1988 to April 1990, 288 patients were treated by this new method, and only one of them developed bronchopleural fistula. This new method prevents injury of the stump by suture material and reduces the tension at the bronchial stump for a long time. Thus, pulmonary resections can be safely employed even after anti-cancer chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.

Bronchi↗