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Biomedical subjects

C F Ward

Publications and source records attributed to C F Ward.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Fundamentals of infant anaesthesia.

Far from being more difficult, infants should be less difficult to anaesthetize . Generally the major organ systems, although not necessarily fully mature, are unsullied by smoking, alcohol consumption, atherosclerosis, assorted other pathology or simple wear and tear. Cardiac output is linked to heart rate and volume replacement, while oxygenation is controlled by lung expansion, FIO2 and perhaps PEEP. Admittedly, the rewards for poor technique are frightening and sudden, but the goal of this review has been to point out the anticipatory nature of paediatric anaesthesia, such that the actual anaesthetic becomes nearly an anti-climax. The rewards for this approach are usually brief procedures that frequently definitively repair isolated pathology, coupled with a sense of precise accomplishment that makes the planning and number- crunching worthwhile.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Drug abuse in anesthesia training programs. A survey: 1970 through 1980.

Experience at our institution with drug dependence among anesthesia residents, coupled with a lack of published data, prompted us to survey US anesthesia training programs. Two hundred eighty-nine programs were surveyed, 247 (85.5%) responded, and 184 (74%) of these programs had at least one suspected incident of drug dependence to report. Three hundred thirty-four confirmed persons were reported, including a substantial number of instructors. Meperidine and fentanyl were the most frequently mentioned drugs. Behavior changes were frequently noted by staff personnel, and in general such changes led directly to detection. After confirmation of abuse, the majority of impaired anesthetists were referred for psychiatric care, with few in need of actual detoxification. Detailed follow-up was available for about 40% of the total; 71 persons were offered a return to their original place of employment, while 30 persons died of drug overdose. Chemical impairment may be more common than usually thought in anesthesia, perhaps in part because of drug availability.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1982

Anesthesia in septorhinoplasty. Effects of halothane vs nitrous oxide narcotic on bleeding.

The effects of halothane and nitrous oxide narcotic anesthesia on bleeding were studied. Coagulation parameters were examined preoperatively and a half hour after induction. There were no notable changes with either anesthetic technique, and there were no substantial differences between the two anesthesias. A clinical comparison of bleeding, surgical exposure, blood pressure, and duration of surgery also was made. The two anesthetic techniques tested had no notable differences in the previously mentioned parameters on septorhinoplasty.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Metabolic effects of chloride-deficient formula.

A seven-month-old infant presented with failure to thrive and hypochloremic alkalosis due to intake of chloride-deficiency formula. The metabolic changes were associated with hyperreninemia and hyperaldosteronism. Within one month of supplementation with a formula adequate in chloride content, the patient started to gain weight. Five months after adequate chloride intake, all metabolic parameters including plasma renin and plasma aldosterone were normal.

Alkalosis↗
PubMed1978

The esophageal obturator airway: a clinical comparison to ventilation with a mask and oropharyngeal airway.

We compared controlled ventilation with the esophageal obturator airway to ventilation with a conventional rubber mask and oropharyngeal airway in ten anesthetized patients. Measurements of exhaled tidal volume, mask-to-face fit (leakage of mask), supraglottic obstruction, and the operator's effort were all inferior using the esophageal obturator airway. No consistent peak airway pressure could be obtained with the esophageal obturator airway. Placement of the device was difficult in three of ten patients, and two of ten had inadvertent tracheal intubations. Edentulous patients were difficult to impossible to ventilate using the esophageal obturator airway.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1975

Changing effect of lung volume on respiratory drive in man.

Experiments were conducted on human subjects to study the effect of lung inflation during breath holding on respiratory drive. Two series of experiments were performed: the first to examine respiratory drive during a single breath hold, the second designed to examine the sustained effect of lung inflation on subsequent breath holds. The experiments involved breath holding begun either at the end of a normal expiration or after a maximum inspiration. When breath holding was repeated at 10-min intervals, the increase in BHT produced by lung inflation was greater in short breath holds (after CO2 rebreathing) than in long breath holds (after hyperventilation). If breath holds were made in rapid succession, the first breath hold was much longer when made at total lung capacity than at functional residual capacity, but this effect of lung inflation diminished in subsequent breath holds. It is concluded that the inhibitory effect of lung inflation decays during breath holding and is regained remarkably slowly during the period of breathing immediately after breath holding.

Adult↗