Importance of infection level of mutans streptococci for recolonization of teeth after chlorhexidine treatment.
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Cell Adhesion↗
Biomedical subjects
C G Emilson
Publications and source records attributed to C G Emilson.
Prevalence of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in elderly Swedish individuals.
The number of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, and lactobacilli in stimulated whole saliva was examined in 149 elderly persons. More than 10(6) CFU/ml of mutans streptococci were found in 57% of the subjects and 85% had more than 10(5) lactobacilli per ml of saliva. There was no difference in the prevalence of mutans streptococci between edentulous and dentate subjects whereas significantly more lactobacilli were detected in denture wearers. S. mutans was most frequent and was found in 72% of the subjects. S. sobrinus, which was carried by 44% of the persons, was found proportionally in more subjects with dentures than in dentate individuals. In most persons with S. sobrinus, S. mutans was also present but in 8% of the subjects only S. sobrinus was detected. The subjects with both S. mutans and S. sobrinus had higher salivary levels of mutans streptococci than individuals with only S. mutans or S. sobrinus.
Aged↗
Microbial flora associated with presence of root surface caries in periodontally treated patients.
Examination of saliva and dental plaque was carried out in 35 adults who had been treated for periodontal disease 3 yr earlier. Plaque samples were collected from approximal and buccal sound and carious root surfaces. The samples were analyzed for the presence and proportions of members of Streptococcus, Lactobacillus and Actinomyces. The results showed a low prevalence of root surface caries and a low level of salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. From subjects with root caries there was a not statistically significant tendency to higher proportional levels of mutans streptococci in plaque from carious root surfaces than from caries-free surfaces. An inverse significant relationship between noncarious and carious root surfaces was noted for S. sanguis. The population of A. viscosus and A. naeslundii was similar in plaque samples from sound and carious sites but showed elevated levels in the subjects with five or more new root surface lesions.
Actinomyces↗
Implantation and cariogenicity in hamsters of Streptococcus mutans with different hydrophobicity.
Strains of Streptococcus mutans with different surface hydrophobicity were examined for their ability to colonize and induce carious lesions in hamsters given a high sucrose diet. In a short-term experiment the hydrophobic strain GW showed almost an identical colonization pattern compared to the hydrophilic strain GW36. Streptomycin resistant variants of GW and GW36 implanted at a much slower rate than the parent strains. Differences in caries score were observed between the strains. The cariogenicity of the strains seemed to be dependent on early colonization.
Animals↗
Effect of copper fluoride and copper sulfate on dental plaque, Streptococcus mutans and caries in hamsters.
Topical applications of 10 mM CuF2, 10 mM CuSO4, or 20 mM NaF solutions were performed twice a day in hamsters infected with S. mutans and maintained on a high sucrose diet. Animals receiving the copper compounds exhibited lower plaque scores than control animals or animals treated with the NaF solution. The group receiving the CuF2 solution showed a lower number of S. mutans and a higher caries reduction than the groups treated with NaF or the non-fluoride compound CuSO4.
Animals↗
Effect of preventive measures in 50-60-year-olds with a high risk of dental caries.
Salivary and microbial conditions were examined in 124 50-60-yr-old patients attending a dental clinic of the Public Dental Health Service. They were then randomly divided into a control and a test group. Patients with low salivary secretion rate and buffer capacity and high numbers of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in the test group received special caries preventive measures during 1 yr. In the control group all patients were given prevention according to routine procedures. The incidence of dental caries between the groups was compared. The risk patients in the control group developed 1.67 new carious lesions as compared to 0.19 in the test group. The difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Also the numbers of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli were significantly lower in the risk patients in the test group after 1 yr compared with baseline values. After the experimental year all patients were treated according to routine procedures. Five years after the start of the study a new examination showed increased caries activity in the risk patients in the test group and the gain which had been made during the experimental year was almost lost.
Chlorhexidine↗
Salivary conditions and drug consumption in older age groups of elderly Swedish individuals.
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Aged↗
Strains of mutans streptococci isolated in a population with extremely low caries prevalence are cariogenic in the hamster model.
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Animals↗
Evaluation of an intraoral controlled release delivery system for fluoride in primates.
An intraoral delivery system designed to release 0.5 mg of fluoride per day was evaluated in short-term studies in primates. This fluoride-releasing device, bonded to the buccal surface of the maxillary right central incisor of each of six monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), produced marked elevations in saliva and plaque fluoride concentrations without increases in serum fluoride concentrations. No changes were observed in the plaque and gingival scores or the populations of various species of plaque bacteria.
Animals↗
Microbial conditions and caries increment 2 years after discontinuation of controlled antimicrobial measures in Swedish teenagers.
The purpose of the present study was to examine the long-term effect of a special caries preventive program in teenagers. Over a 3-yr period directed and controlled antimicrobial treatment using Streptococcus mutans as an indicator organism resulted in a remarkable caries reduction especially in children with greater than 10(6) S. mutans per ml of saliva at the start of the study. Two years after discontinuation of the special preventive program 83 out of 101 subjects, 18-19 yr old, were reexamined. All the children had followed the same basic preventive program in the Dental Health Service. The number of S. mutans and lactobacilli per ml of saliva within and between control and test groups was with few exceptions practically the same as 5 yr earlier. During the posttreatment period the caries activity was similar in the control and test groups and lower than during the experimental years especially in the control group. Subjects with initial S. mutans level of greater than 10(6) CFU per ml of saliva continued to show incremental caries scores higher than those subjects with lower S. mutans levels.
Adolescent↗
Proportions of Streptococcus mutans, lactobacilli and Actinomyces spp in root surface plaque.
The incidence of Streptococcus mutans, lactobacilli and Actinomyces was examined in root surface dental plaque from 24 subjects with root surface caries and in 24 subjects with exposed root surfaces as a consequence of periodontitis but without root surface caries. Plaque was collected from the most posterior teeth in each quadrant: in the caries group from carious lesions and in the periodontitis group from buccal root surfaces. There were significantly higher proportions of S. mutans and lactobacilli in dental plaque samples taken from subjects suffering from root surface caries than in samples from subjects without root surface caries. The level of the group A. viscosus/naeslundii in the periodontitis group was higher than that found in the root surface caries group, but the difference was not statistically significant.
Actinomyces↗
Comparison between a micromethod and a conventional method for estimation of salivary Streptococcus mutans.
Two methods for estimating the number of S. mutans in 501 paraffin-wax stimulated whole saliva samples were compared. A highly significant correlation was found between the results of a micropipette method and conventional agar plating. The micropipette method is simple, reliable and economical and is a suitable alternative to conventional plating for determination of the S. mutans infection level.
Bacteriological Techniques↗
Streptococcus mutans in plaque from conventional and from non-gamma-2 amalgam restorations.
The frequency of Streptococcus mutans in plaque material from margins of conventional amalgam and non-gamma-2 amalgam fillings was examined in six subjects. One and 2 months after restorative treatment the mean values of the percentage S. mutans of the total number of microorganisms were somewhat lower in samples from non-gamma-2 amalgams than in those from conventional amalgams. The difference in values, however, was not statistically significant.
Adult↗
Prolonged oral reduction of Streptococcus mutans in humans after chlorhexidine disinfection followed by fluoride treatment.
The effect of oral chlorhexidine gel treatment supplemented with fluoride applications was studied in subjects with high salivary levels of S. mutans. In two experiments short-term treatment with a 1% chlorhexidine gel was followed by applications of either a 1% NaF gel daily for 2 weeks or a 1% NaF gel daily for 6 weeks supplemented twice with topical application of an 8% SnF2 solution. The salivary numbers of S. mutans were lower in the test group than in the placebo group after 6 and 12 weeks in experiments 1 and 2, respectively, and considerably lower than the pretreatment values. The findings show that fluoride applications can be a valuable adjunct to chlorhexidine treatment for combatting S. mutans.
Adolescent↗
An anticaries vaccine: report on the status of research.
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Bacterial Vaccines↗
Recolonization of human tooth surfaces by Streptococcus mutans after suppression by chlorhexidine treatment.
In eight subjects who were initially highly colonized with Streptococcus mutans and who used a 1% chlorhexidine gel, the numbers of this organism were suppressed in both plaque and saliva. Bacterial plaque samples were obtained from all tooth surfaces, and the recolonization pattern of S. mutans was studied over a 26-week period. At baseline, 83% of all surfaces harbored S. mutans with buccal surfaces colonized in higher frequency than the others. After chlorhexidine treatment, the proportion of tooth surfaces colonized by S. mutans was reduced to a low level. Re-appearance was slow. S. mutans was first recovered from the most posterior teeth in the mouth, the molar surfaces were recolonized earlier than were those of pre-molars and anterior teeth, and the buccal surfaces were recolonized more readily than were the other tooth surfaces. The data show that there is a specific recolonization pattern of S. mutans after chlorhexidine treatment, and that the re-emergence of S. mutans is most probably due to regrowth of bacteria which have not been eradicated.
Adult↗
Oral glucose clearance in subjects with high or low salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli.
The ability to eliminate sugar from the oral cavity was studied in subjects with high or low numbers of salivary Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli. The glucose concentration in saliva was determined after consumption of biscuits using the Gloxtest, and the logarithms of the glucose values were plotted against time. The sugar clearance time was measured where the slope of the plot intersected with a glucose level of 1 mg/ml. Subjects with a high level of S. mutans had a significantly longer clearance time than subjects with a low level. More salivary lactobacilli were found in a subject group with a long sugar clearance time than in a group with a fast clearance rate.
Adolescent↗
Comparison between a dip-slide test and plate count for determination of Streptococcus mutans infection.
A significant correlation was found between the results of a dip-slide test and a conventional agar-plate method for determination of the salivary Streptococcus mutants population. The growth density of S. mutans around bacitracin discs on the dip-slide was estimated and examination of the dip-slides with or without a microscope showed good agreement. The percentage of identical scores between two observers increased from 69 to 84% with the use of a microscope. Scores from dip-slides inoculated with saliva by means of a cotton swab showed good agreement with those obtained with stimulated saliva. The dip-slide method is simple and reliable and can be a valuable tool in general practice for the estimation of the S. mutans infection.
Bacteriological Techniques↗