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Biomedical subjects

C G Emilson

Publications and source records attributed to C G Emilson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Salivary and microbial conditions in patients with orofacial discomfort complaints.

Secretion rate, pH, and buffer capacity of paraffin-stimulated saliva and the prevalence of salivary Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli were examined in 98 consecutive patients (22 men, 76 women) referred for orofacial discomfort complaints related to 'oral galvanism'. The results of this investigation were compared with those of a group of 100 patients without symptoms and complaints. The patients with orofacial symptoms and complaints had significantly fewer teeth with amalgam fillings than patients without, despite equal mean number of teeth in the two groups. Most patients had normal secretion rate and pH of saliva but somewhat low values of salivary buffer capacity. Determination of saliva conductivity showed values within a normal reference interval but lower than those from a group of subjects without orofacial symptoms and complaints. The salivary levels of cariogenic bacteria were low.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Support for and implications of the specific plaque hypothesis.

The role of specific microorganisms in dental caries is reviewed. A considerable amount of evidence supports the association between organisms of the Streptococcus mutans group and caries incidence and prevalence. The cariogenic potential of S. mutans is probably due to the unique combination of properties with which this microorganism is endowed. The pathogenic potential can be modified by changes in the environment. Lactobacilli play a major role in the development of a lesion. The specific plaque hypothesis has important implications because the association between S. mutans, lactobacilli and dental caries can be used in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the disease in groups of subjects as well as in the individual case.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Carbohydrate composition of dental plaque from primates with irradiation caries.

Carbohydrate analyses were performed on dental plaque collected from the teeth of irradiated monkeys, non-irradiated monkeys and a group of Streptococcus mutans free animals, all of which were fed the same standard cariogenic diet. Glucose was the predominant sugar constituent in plaque and was detected in highest concentration in the irradiated animals. Small amounts of pentoses and other hexoses were also present. Plaque from irradiated animals contained, by comparison with the other groups, higher levels of Strep. mutans and lower levels of Streptococcus sanguis and Actinomyces.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1984

Effect of peroral immunization of humans with Streptococcus mutans on induction of salivary and serum antibodies and inhibition of experimental infection.

Naturally occurring antibodies reactive with Streptococcus mutans whole cells were assayed in whole saliva, parotid saliva, and blood samples collected from eight human volunteers. The levels and serotypes of indigenous S. mutans in plaque and whole saliva samples were also determined. After baseline sampling the teeth were cleaned and the subjects were inoculated with streptomycin-resistant S. mutans strains Ingbritt (serotype c) and OMZ65 (serotype g). The level of implantation and duration of colonization were determined in plaque and saliva, and antibodies reactive with these strains were monitored in saliva and serum. After the implanted bacteria were shed, the subjects wee immunized by the daily ingestion of an enteric-coated capsule containing 25 mg of Formalin-killed, freeze-dried OMZ65 cells for 3 days and inoculation was repeated. The levels of antibodies and of implantation and the duration of colonization were monitored as before. One month after the bacteria could no longer be detected, the immunization and inoculation cycle was repeated except that the subjects were immunized for 7 days. Five of the eight subjects were successfully colonized by strains Ingbritt and OMZ65. The remaining three did not become colonized with either strain. Strain OMZ65 implanted at a higher level than did strain Ingbritt. Oral immunization did not result in a detectable antibody response in saliva or serum to whole bacterial cells. However, after both the first and second immunizations there were marked reductions in the peak levels of infection and the duration of colonization of both OMZ65 and Ingbritt.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Prevalence of Streptococcus mutans with different colonial morphologies in human plaque and saliva.

Plaque and saliva samples were obtained twice from 58 children at an interval of 1 year and examined for the prevalence of Streptococcus mutans on Mitis salivarius (MS) and Mitis salivarius bacitracin (MSB) agar. Two types of S. mutans colonies with different colonial morphologies were seen on both media. They were serologically identified as serotypes c/e/f and d/g respectively. The first type, morphogroup c/e/f, had the typical "frosted-glass" appearance. It was the most prevalent and was found in 97% of the children. The second type, morphogroup d/g, had a creamy marzipan consistency with a dull, granular surface, gray to brown in color and often with some liquid around or on top of the colony. Group d/g was detected in 21 children (36%) and then together with colonies of group c/e/f. Children infected with single or multiple morphogroups of S. mutans generally harbored the same groups 1 year later. There was a significant positive correlation between the proportion of S. mutans in plaque and their numbers in saliva.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Correlation of level and duration of Streptococcus mutans infection with incidence of dental caries.

The caries incidence at various levels of Streptococcus mutans infection was analyzed in a control group and a test group. In the control group, the incidence of caries and the duration of S. mutans infection were significantly correlated. In the test group, the S. mutans infection was suppressed by antimicrobial measures when the number of S. mutans exceeded 250 X 10(3) CFU per ml of saliva. The results illustrate that the level and duration of the S. mutans infection are strongly correlated to the incidence of caries. The findings support the concept of S. mutans as a key cariogenic microorganism and illustrate the value of antimicrobial treatment in the prevention of caries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Prevalence of transformable Streptococcus mutans in human dental plaque.

A total of 100 strains of Streptococcus mutans serotypes c/e/f and d/g, freshly isolated from dental plaque, were screened for their ability to undergo genetic transformation to streptomycin resistance. Of the serotype c/e/f strains, 28% were found to be transformable, whereas none of the serotype d/g strains could be transformed by donor DNA from streptomycin-resistant S. mutans strains of either serotype c or d/g. Two of the transformable serotype c/e/f strains were transformed by DNAs from a variety of oral streptococcal species commonly found in the microflora.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed1982

Colonization and cariogenic potential in hamsters of the bacterium Streptococcus sanguis isolated from human dental plaque.

Strains of Strep. sanguis, freshly isolated from human dental plaque, were successfully implanted into albino hamsters. Transmission of the organisms from infected to uninfected animals occurred naturally. The transfer was as effective between unrelated hamsters as between dams and their offspring. Three of the strains tested did not cause caries in hamsters. Laboratory strains of Strep. sanguis did not colonize the hamsters. Two morphological variants of Strep. sanguis with different abilities to adhere to whale dentine in vitro, could infect hamsters; the more adhering phenotype was detected earlier and more frequently.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1982

Effect of caries preventive measures in children highly infected with the bacterium Streptococcus mutans.

The number of Strep. mutans in saliva samples was examined in 101 13-14-year-old children, 53 in a control and 48 in the test group. All in the test group with 2.5 X 10(5) Strep. mutans per ml saliva were treated with 1 per cent chlorhexidine gel, once a day, for 14 days when the number of Strep. mutans was greatly reduced. Saliva samples were then examined in the test group every 4th month and all children with Strep. mutans levels above 2.5 X 10(5) were treated. A few selected children had fissure sealants applied to the occlusal surfaces. After 3 years, the mean number of new carious lesions was 9.6 in the control group and 4.2 in the test group. In the children with 10(6) Strep. mutans at the start of the study, the corresponding figures were 20.8 compared with 3.9. Thus a reduction in caries activity can be achieved by controlled antimicrobial treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Streptococcus mutans, lactobacilli and dental health in 13-14-year-old Swedish children.

The dental health and the prevalence of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli were examined in 101 13-114-year-old children. The average number of decayed (incipient caries) and filled surfaces (DFS) was 10.1 and 12.8, respectively. S. mutans was not detected in 11% of the children while 21% had 10(6) or more S. mutans per ml saliva. Lactobacilli were not found in 21% of the children whereas 11% had 10(5) or more lactobacilli per ml saliva. Statistically significant correlations were found between S. mutans and lactobacilli, S. mutans and DFS, lactobacilli and DFS and S. mutans plus lactobacilli and DFS. Increasing numbers of S. mutans and lactobacilli, alone and in combination, were associated with an increased caries frequency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Effect of mechanical and chemical plaque control measures on oral microflora in schoolchildren.

The incidence of S. sanguis, S. salivarius, S. mutans, total streptococci and lactobacilli was examined in highly caries active 13-14-year-old schoolchildren participating in a prophylactic program. After 1 year of trial, professional toothcleaning once every second week markedly reduced the frequency of gingivitis and the caries increment. Bimonthly topical applications of a 0.5% chlorhexidine gel with or without subsequent rinsing with 2% NFP had no effect on plaque score and gingivitis but tended to reduce the caries activity. No significant changes were found in the groups with regard to the salivary number of total streptococci and S. sanguis. A reduction of the population of S. salivarius, S. mutans and lactobacilli was observed in the chlorhexidine group. In the group where chlorhexidine was combined with MFP, only S. mutans was reduced.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Effect of a fluoride-containing varnish on Streptococcus mutans in plaque and saliva.

The effect of topical application of a fluoride-containing varnish, Duraphat, on the level of Streptococcus mutans in saliva and in dental plaque was investigated in schoolchildren. Samples of saliva and pooled buccal plaque were taken before varnish application and 4, 10 and 21 d after treatment. Fluoride varnish treatment with or without a preceding dental prophylaxis had no significant effect on the plaque and salivary levels of S. mutans. The findings suggest that the caries-reducing effect of fluoride varnish cannot be explained by an alteration of the incidence of S. mutans in dental plaque or in saliva.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Clinical evaluation of an intraoral device for the controlled release of fluoride.

An intraoral-releasing device designed to release 0.5 mg of fluoride per day was evaluated in a one-month trial. The results showed that the 11 men who wore the fluoride-releasing device on their maxillary first molars had significantly elevated levels of fluoride in their saliva and plaque compared with baseline levels. No significant changes were observed in mean serum or urine fluoride levels or in the gingival or plaque indexes during the study. The prevalence of S mutans in whole saliva did not change during the study and the relative proportion of S. mutans, S. sanguis, and A viscosus and A naeslundii in plaque also remained relatively stable. The elevated fluoride levels in saliva and plaque are presumptive evidence that the intraoral fluoride-releasing device could exert a cariostatic effect in humans. However, long-term clinical trials are needed to determine the cariostatic potential of this fluoride releasing system.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effect of chlorhexidine gel treatment on Streptococcus mutans population in human saliva and dental plaque.

The effect of topical application of a 1% chlorhexidine gel on the population of S. mutans in dental plaque and saliva was studied in five subjects highly infected with the organism. After treatment for 5 min daily for 14 d, S. mutans was not detected in three of the subjects and counts of 700 colony-forming units or less per ml of saliva were found in the other subjects. Reappearance of S. mutans was slow and did not reach pretreatment level until 14 weeks or more after therapy. The proportion of S. sanguis in plaque increased temporarily after chlorhexidine treatment, whereas the population of lactobacilli was unaffected. These observations indicate that short-term use of chlorhexidine is of value in controlling oral infection of humans by S. mutans.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1981

Effect of the antibacterial agents octenidine and chlorhexidine on the plaque flora in primates.

The effect of the antibacterial substance octenidine on plaque formation and on oral microflora in eight monkeys fed a sucrose diet was studied. Plaque was obtained from buccal tooth surfaces of premolars and first molars in two quadrants using a swab and a dental carver and examined using culture and fluorescent antibody procedures. A significant reduction in plaque score was observed on the buccal tooth surfaces after daily topical application of 1% solutions of octenidine and chlorhexidine for 7 d; octenidine was more effective than chlorhexidine. Placebo treatment with water was without significant effect. Octenidine and chlorahexidine affected the plaque flora in a similar manner; the proportion of S sanguis increased in relation to baseline levels while the population of Actinomyces, especially the group A. viscous and A. naeslundii, was markedly reduced. S. sanguis showed an inverse relationship to members of actinomyces in response to the action of the antimicrobial agents. Both plaque sampling methods revealed similar changes in bacterial composition as a result of treatment. The data show that octenidine is an effective inhibitor of dental plaque and its antimicrobial and antiplaque properties make it worthy of further studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Microbial analyses of dental plaque of monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) using fluorescent antibody techniques.

Selected microbial components in supragingival dental plaque from recently captured monkeys were determined. Using specific fluorescent antibody (FA) conjugates S. sanguis was found to constitute an average of 11.8% of all cells. The populations of Actinomyces accounted for 20.7% (range 5-31) with A. viscosus and A. naeslundii as predominant species. Few lactobacilli were encountered. S. mutans was not detected in any specimens when examined by culture and FA.

Actinomyces↗