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Biomedical subjects

C G Nilsson

Publications and source records attributed to C G Nilsson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Comparison between the effects of nafarelin and danazol on serum lipids and lipoproteins in patients with endometriosis.

The effects of nafarelin (400 micrograms daily; 12 patients) and danazol (600 mg daily; 6 patients) on serum lipoproteins, high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions, and apoproteins-A-I and -A-II were studied. Lipoproteins were fractionated by sequential flotation from samples taken before and after 1, 3, and 6 months of treatment as well as 3 months after cessation of medication. Serum concentrations of estradiol, total and free testosterone, androstenedione, and sex hormone-binding globulin were also determined. On nafarelin treatment, serum total HDL and HDL2 cholesterol concentrations increased slightly, but total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were unchanged. There was no effect on apoproteins-A-I and -A-II or on total and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride concentrations. During treatment with danazol, the serum levels of total HDL and HDL2 cholesterol showed profound decrease, as did all the components of HDL2, including apoprotein-A-I. Concomitantly, the total mass of LDL was increased by 25%, accounted for by parallel rises in all of the components of LDL. Total and VLDL triglyceride concentrations decreased inconsistently. Both treatments resulted in hypoestrogenism of the same degree. The steep drop in the serum sex hormone-binding globulin level reflected the androgenic effect of danazol, whereas during nafarelin treatment, serum concentrations of testosterone and androstenedione were reduced. This difference in androgenic milieu may well explain the differences in the lipid profiles. We conclude that, regarding lipid effects, nafarelin is a more favorable treatment for endometriosis than is danazol.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The effect of oral contraceptives on hormone profiles of oligomenorrheic adolescent cycles.

Nineteen adolescent girls with oligomenorrhea were studied to evaluate the effect of oral contraceptives (OCs) on hormone profiles, and 19 adolescent girls with regular menstruations served as control subjects. Serum levels of luteinizing hormone and androgens were higher in the oligomenorrheic girls than in the regularly menstruating girls. During the OC treatment the hormone levels of the oligomenorrheic girls decreased, approaching those of the control subjects. During follow-up cycle immediately after stopping the OCs the hormone levels increased rapidly, but in the oligomenorrheic girls the levels of luteinizing hormone, androstenedione, total and free testosterone were still significantly lower at the end of the post-treatment cycle than during the luteal phase of the pre-treatment cycle. The frequency of ovulation decreased to the same magnitude as reported in adults after discontinuation of OCs. No post-pill amenorrhea existed in either group of adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Platelet serotonin uptake and effects of vitamin B6-treatment in premenstrual tension.

The platelet serotonin uptake kinetics was studied in 19 women with premenstrual tension syndrome (PMS) and 19 age-matched symptom-free controls during the pre- and postmenstrual phases. Both groups exhibited stable Vmax and Km values at the two phases of the menstrual cycle. There were no differences between the two groups regarding the level of Vmax and Km, respectively. The effect of season (p less than 0.001), with lowered values of Vmax during spring compared to corresponding values during the later half of the year, was identical in both groups. A tendency to lowered Vmax values in the follicular phase in women with PMS during spring may indicate that women with PMS are more vulnerable to developing depressive episodes during this period than symptom-free women. The blood platelet count in whole blood was decreased in the luteal phase in the control group but remained stable in the PMS group. The effect of vitamin B6 on clinical symptoms and the platelet serotonin uptake during the luteal phase was investigated in a double-blind crossover design. Vitamin B6 treatment did not significantly improve the PMS symptoms. There was no effect of treatment on Km. Vmax increased significantly in response to treatment (F = 9.6; p less than 0.001) in both groups, but there was no significant difference between placebo and vitamin B6.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Hormonal coils].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Contraceptive Agents, Female↗
PubMed1987

Serum sex hormone levels in adolescent girls with polymenorrhoea.

The hormone levels of 13 polymenorrhoeic adolescent girls were evaluated. Twenty-eight adolescent girls with regular menstruation served as controls. Serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate, and sex hormone binding-globulin were determined in blood samples obtained over one menstrual cycle. In girls with polymenorrhoea the frequency of ovulation was significantly lower than in the control group as estimated on the basis of the progesterone level five days before the onset of menstruation. Low progesterone and oestradiol levels during the late part of the cycle were the main abnormalities of polymenorrhoeic adolescent girls. No differences in the other hormonal parameters were found. The duration of menstrual bleeding was similar in both groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Five years' experience with levonorgestrel-releasing IUDs.

Two levonorgestrel-releasing IUDs and a copper-releasing IUD of the same shape were studied in a randomized comparative study over five years. The levonorgestrel-releasing IUDs released 20 micrograms or 30 micrograms per day. The Pearl index during the 10,600 woman-months of LNG-IUD use was 0.11. The control device releasing copper had a Pearl index of 1.6. The amount and duration of menstrual bleeding was greatly reduced, leading to a high incidence of oligo- or amenorrhea. The continuation rate in this pioneer trial was 53 per 100 users for the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD (LNG-IUDs) and 50 per 100 users for the copper-releasing IUD (Nova T). The removal rates for reasons other than amenorrhea were not significantly different. Discontinuation because of amenorrhea occurred during the first two years, the cumulative termination rate for this reason was 11.6 per 100 users at five years. The LNG-IUDs removed for investigation after five years of use revealed that the devices contained about 40 percent of the original load. The effective lifespan of the device has been demonstrated by this study to be five years; the residual steroid gives an additional safety period of two more years. The LNG-IUD is a highly effective reversible contraceptive method, which strongly reduced the amount and duration of bleeding. During the first two months there is scanty but frequent spotting which, like the high incidence of oligo- and/or amenorrhea, requires counselling of health personnel and women using LNG-IUDs.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Sustained intrauterine release of levonorgestrel over five years.

Two models of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices were studied. Model A was designed to deliver 20 micrograms/day, and model B was designed to deliver 30 micrograms/day. Plasma concentrations of levonorgestrel were determined in blood samples taken from women who used the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices (IUDs) and who participated in a clinical trial for more than 5 years. During clinical studies IUDs have been removed for various reasons between 8 and 40 months after insertion. The rate of release of levonorgestrel from the IUDs was calculated by determining the remaining amount of levonorgestrel. Plasma concentrations of levonorgestrel ranged between a mean +/- standard deviation (SD) concentration of 166 +/- 75 pg/ml and 131 +/- 32 pg/ml for the first 18 months of use and between 101 +/- 37 pg/ml and 74 +/- 15 pg/ml at 24 and 60 months after insertion of the IUD. The plasma concentrations from 24 months through 60 months were significantly lower than concentrations measured during initial months of IUD use, but not between the two devices. There was a strong correlation between the time of use and the amount of levonorgestrel lost from the IUDs. The calculated mean daily release of levonorgestrel was 17.6 micrograms for model A and 22.2 micrograms for model B. This gives a calculated lifetime of more than 6 years for a levonorgestrel-releasing IUD.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1986

Endometrial morphology during long-term use of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices.

Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices (IUD) were inserted in 92 women. Endometrial biopsies were taken between 3 months and 7 years after these insertions. Intrauterine release of levonorgestrel resulted in endometrial glandular atrophy and decidualized stroma. Inflammation and necrosis were also seen as local signs of IUD use. The biopsies were similar regardless of the duration of IUD use. Endometrial morphology returned to normal in biopsy specimens taken 1-3 months after IUD removal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Endocrinologic features of oligomenorrheic adolescent girls.

The plasma concentrations of sex hormones were measured in 45 oligomenorrheic and 28 regularly menstruating adolescent girls. Testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, and sex hormone-binding globulin levels were determined in blood samples collected during one menstrual cycle. The oligomenorrheic girls had significantly higher concentrations of luteinizing hormone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, and free testosterone than regularly menstruating girls. Sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations were significantly lower in the oligomenorrheic group. The oligomenorrheic girls were not obese. Signs of acne or hirsutism were absent or mild. Sixty-six percent of the oligomenorrheic cycles were ovulatory. The significance of the hormonal findings is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Sex hormone profiles in oligomenorrheic adolescent girls and the effect of oral contraceptives.

The hormonal profiles and the effect of oral contraceptives (OCs) on 16 oligomenorrheic and 10 regularly menstruating adolescent girls were studied. Testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, and sex-hormone-binding globulin were determined on blood samples obtained during a control cycle, during OC treatment, and during the follow-up cycle after discontinuation of OC use. The oligomenorrheic girls had significantly higher concentrations of androstenedione and total and free testosterone than regularly menstruating girls during the control cycle. Sex-hormone-binding globulin concentrations were significantly lower in the oligomenorrheic group. Both in oligomenorrheic and regularly menstruating girls OC treatment caused a decrease in the mean concentrations of all hormones, except prolactin, to similar levels. For 2 to 4 weeks after treatment the oligomenorrheic girls had significantly lower levels of androstenedione, total and free testosterone, and luteinizing hormone than before treatment. In the control group there were no significant differences between pretreatment and posttreatment hormone concentrations. The risks and benefits of prescribing OCs for oligomenorrheic adolescent girls are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Ovarian function in amenorrheic and menstruating users of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device.

The ovarian function of 20 healthy users of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device was studied by measurements of plasma estradiol, progesterone, and levonorgestrel concentrations. Eight subjects were amenorrheic, and 12 had regular menstrual bleeding. Seventy-five percent of the subjects in both groups had ovulatory cycles. There was no difference between the mean levonorgestrel concentrations in the amenorrheic and regularly menstruating subjects. Estradiol function was undisturbed in the amenorrheic subjects with ovulatory cycles. The effect of levonorgestrel as a cause of amenorrhea is thought to be mainly of local nature. The intrauterine administration of levonorgestrel had only an occasional and weak effect on ovarian function.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Two years' experience with two levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices and one copper-releasing intrauterine device: a randomized comparative performance study.

A randomized comparative performance study of two levonorgestrel intrauterine devices (IUDs) and a copper (Nova-T) IUD (Leiras, Turku, Finland) was performed at two clinics in Finland and one in Brazil. The 24-month cumulative event rates per 100 women are reported. Six thousand woman-months of use were recorded with the levonorgestrel IUD and 3000 with the Nova-T device. Pregnancy rates at 2 years of use were 0.6 and 0 with the two levonorgestrel IUDs and 3.3 with the Nova-T IUD. Removal rates because of bleeding and/or pain were low with all three IUDs: 7.5, 7.6, and 7.1, respectively, at 24 months. Recordings of the number of days of bleeding showed significantly fewer days of bleeding during use of the levonorgestrel IUDs than the Nova-T IUD from the second month of use onward, until the end of the second year. No infections were recorded in association with use of the levonorgestrel IUDs, and only one termination because of infection was recorded for the Nova-T IUD. The continuation rates of use at 24 months were 66.6, 60.7, and 71.9 for the two levonorgestrel IUDs and the Nova-T IUD, respectively; the differences were not statistically significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Clinical performance of a new levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device. A randomized comparison with a nova-T-copper device.

The clinical performance of two levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices (IUDs) with different release rates was studied and compared with a copper-releasing Nova-T device in a randomized partly double-blind multiclinical trial. Special attention was given to patterns of bleeding, hormonal side-effects, blood pressure and body weight. The clinical acceptability of the levonorgestrel IUDs was as good as that of the copper-releasing IUD. A highly significant decrease in the amount of menstrual blood loss was seen with the levonorgestrel-IUDs, the users of which experienced fewer days of bleeding than prior to insertion. Patients suffering from dysmenorrhea experienced relief from this symptom after insertion of a levonorgestrel-IUD. Some side-effects, usually referred to as hormonal, increased during the levonorgestrel-IUD use, but did not result in higher termination rates than with the Nova-T device. No changes in body weight were recorded for the levonorgestrel-IUDs and a slight decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was found after one year of use. No infections were recorded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Tissue concentrations of levonorgestrel in women using a levonorgestrel-releasing IUD.

Thirteen women who were scheduled for hysterectomy volunteered for the study. Nine women had a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device inserted between 36 and 49 days prior to surgery and four women were on oral levonorgestrel treatment for 7 days prior to surgery. After the surgical removal of the uterus, samples of endometrial, myometrial, fallopian tube and fat tissue were obtained. Methods for measuring tissue concentrations of levonorgestrel were developed and the uptake of levonorgestrel by fat tissue in vitro was studied. The concentrations of levonorgestrel in myometrial, fallopian tube and fat tissue were all of the same order, of between 1 and 5 ng/g of wet weight of tissue, in both the intrauterine device group and the orally treated group. In the endometrium the levonorgestrel concentrations were many-fold higher in the intrauterine device group. The in vitro experiments showed a rapid uptake of levonorgestrel and an unsaturability of the fat tissue by the steroid at the concentrations used. The fat tissue concentrations of levonorgestrel correlated with the plasma concentrations.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1982

Diagnostic value of a rapid HCG-beta-subunit radioimmunoassay in cases of suspected ectopic pregnancies.

A rapid and sensitive RIA specific for the beta-subunit of HCG was developed. This RIA gives the results in less than 3 hours, and is able to detect the pregnancy 12 days after the midcycle LH-peak. The clinical reliability was evaluated by assaying plasma samples from 128 patients with acute gynecologic symptoms and suspicion of ectopic pregnancy. Other diagnostic methods including urinary pregnancy test (117 patients), culdocentesis (57 patients), and endometrial curettage (66 patients) were also performed. The final clinical diagnosis was ectopic pregnancy in 45 cases, intrauterine pregnancy in 31 cases, and no pregnancy in 52 cases. The rapid HGC-RIA gave a positive result in 93%, 97%, and 6% of these patient groups, respectively. The conventional diagnostic methods were less reliable and gave a positive result in only 52-59% of the ectopic pregnancies. Three false negative results (7%) in the HCG-RIA were obtained in cases of ectopic pregnancy. Three false positive results (6%) were obtained in patients not pregnant. The results show the superiority of the HCG beta-subunit RIA compared to the conventional diagnostic methods in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.

Animals↗