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Biomedical subjects

C G Nilsson

Publications and source records attributed to C G Nilsson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Intrauterine contraception with levonorgestrel: a comparative randomised clinical performance study.

Two levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices (IUD) with different release rates of levonorgestrel and a 'Nova-T' copper-releasing device were compared in a randomised clinical performance study. 327 women had a levonorgestrel IUD and 156 women a nova-T device inserted postmenstrually. No statistically significant differences in the reasons for termination between the three devices were found in 12 months. The continuation rates for the two levonorgestrel IUDs were 84.1 and 81.4 and for the nova-T device 87.5. Duration of menstrual bleeding and spotting was highly significantly shorter with the levonorgestrel IUDs than with the nova-T device. There were no infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Menstrual blood loss with contraceptive subdermal levonorgestrel implants.

Six Silastic capsules each containing 30 mg of levonorgestrel were inserted subcutaneously in the left forearms of 13 volunteer women for contraceptive purposes. Quantitative determinations of menstrual blood loss were performed during a control cycle and during a 1-month period at the 1st, 6th, and 12th months of treatment. Days on which bleeding and spotting occurred were recorded and hemoglobin concentrations were determined. No changes were found in the amount of menstrual blood loss between the control cycles and the treatment cycles. The mean number of bleeding days during each of the three recorded treatment periods was significantly greater than that in the control cycles. No changes in hemoglobin concentration were found. None of the patients became pregnant during the study.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Bacterial cultures from intrauterine devices removed from patients with pelvic inflammatory disease.

Bacterial cultures were obtained from intrauterine devices (IUD) removed from 274 patients admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University Central Hospital of Helsinki because of suspected pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), meno-metrorrhagia, pain or other conditions potentially caused by an IUD. A diagnosis of serious PID was made in 42 patients, mild PID in 119 patients, while 113 were found to have no infection. An association between positive cultures of beta-hemolytic streptococci and Escherichia coli and PID was found. Positive cultures of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were significantly correlated with PID. The risk of developing PID was significantly greater during the first month after insertion of the IUD than when more than 30 days had elapsed from insertion of the IUD. The significance of the microbes cultured from removal IUDs as causal agents of pelvic inflammatory disease is discussed.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1981

Serum lipids and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol in women on long-term sustained low-dose IUD treatment with levonorgestrel.

Serum concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured in 31 women using levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices and in 30 matched controls. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean values of all three lipid parameters between the levonorgestrel-treated subjects and the control subjects. The mean value for serum triglycerides was 0.79 +/- 0.33 mmol/l in the study group and 0.74 +/- 0.23 mmol/l in the control group. The mean cholesterol values were 5.19 +/- 0.91 mmol/l and 5.39 +/- 0.71 mmol/l in the study group and control group, respectively. The mean serum concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol was 1.61 +/- 0.37 mmol/l in the study group and 1.77 +/- 0.38 mmol/l in the control group.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Levonorgestrel plasma concentrations and hormone profiles after insertion and after one year of treatment with a levonorgestrel-IUD.

Plasma concentrations of levonorgestrel, progesterone, estradiol, FSH and LH were measured in seven volunteers who had a levonorgestrel-releasing IUD inserted postmenstrually. Blood samples were collected twice weekly during a mean of 93 days immediately postmenstrually and during a mean of 41 days over the twelfth to fifteenth month of treatment. Patterns of bleeding were studied during the first year of treatment. The IUDs used were designed to release 25 micrograms/day of levonorgestrel. The mean +/- SD plasma concentration of levonorgestrel for all subjects during the first three months was 260 +/- 68 pg/ml, and 129 +/- 28 pg/ml after one year of treatment. During the initial period of blood sampling only two of the subjects ovulated, while only two did not ovulate after one year of treatment. Intermenstrual spotting occurred during the first sixty days of treatment. Three subjects developed amenorrhea at the end of the first year. All the subjects continued the use of the IUD and no pregnancies occurred.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Patterns of ovulation and bleeding with a low levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device.

Patterns of bleeding and plasma concentrations of levonorgestrel, progesterone, estradiol, LH and FSH were studied in ten volunteers who had a levonorgestrel-releasing IUD inserted postmenstrually. The IUD was designed to release 12 microgram/day. All but two of the volunteers ovulated during treatment. The ovulatory cycles differed from the control cycles by being longer and by having depressed plasma progesterone levels during the luteal phases. Intermenstrual spottings occurred frequently during the first sixty days of treatment. No pregnancies occurred during the course of the study.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Return of ovulation after abortion and after discontinuation of oral contraceptives.

The return of ovulation after abortion and discontinuation of oral contraceptives was determined by plasma progesterone measurements. Plasma samples were obtained from 67 women at 3 to 6 weeks after abortion and in two groups of postabortion women at 3 to 6 weeks after cessation of oral contraceptives. In the first of these latter two groups, 50 women started taking the pills (containing 30 microgram of ethinylestradiol and 150 microgram of levonorgestrel) immediately after abortion, and the second group of 29 women started taking the pills from the first postabortion menses. Ovulation had recurred in 34% of the women 3 weeks after abortion and in 78% of the women at 6 weeks. The return of ovulation had occured in approximately 55% at 3 weeks after cessation of oral contraceptives in both groups. At 6 weeks after cessation, approximately 85% of women had ovulated in both groups. Luteal function in these two groups was found to be equal and was significantly better in both groups than during the first postabortion cycle (P < 0.005). It is concluded that the early return of ovulation after abortion makes it necessary to commence effective contraception immediately after abortion. The immediate administration of oral contraceptives after abortion does not affect the return of ovulation after discontinuation of oral contraceptives.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1980

Pregnancy and delivery complications in the births of an unselected series of Finnish children with schizophrenic mothers.

Pregnancy, delivery and post partum conditions were coded from Helsinki Well Mother-Baby Clinics and Lying in hospitals for all deliveries to a birth cohort of Helsinki schizophrenic women. Greater difficulty was observed at all perinatal stages for the chronic and mild schizophrenic groups than for controls. These differences were heightened in the case of winter births.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Plasma concentrations of levonorgestrel as a function of the release rate of levonorgestrel from medicated intra-uterine devices.

An effort was made to achieve different levels of plasma levonorgestrel (13-ethyl-17 alpha-ethynyl-17-hydroxy-gon-4-en-3-one) (Ng) concentrations by the intra-uterine admininistration of levonorgestrel-releasing intra-uterine devices (IUD). Three different models were designed to release different doses of Ng daily. Sixteen women volunteered for the study and had a Ng IUD inserted post-menstrually. The effect of the IUDs on the ovulatory pattern was studied by measuring plasma concentration of oestradiol and progesterone by radioimmunoassay. Ng plasma concentrations were also measured by radioimmunoassay. In vitro experiments to measure the release of Ng from each type of device were carried out. Although some overlapping of mean plasma levels of Ng occurred during use of the three models of the IUDs, suppression of ovulation was clearly dose-dependent. Wide variations in plasma levels of Ng were seen between individuals but quite uniform plasma levels were seen in each subject for up to one year. IUDs where in vitro release rates were equivalent to each other also resulted in wide individual variations in plasma concentrations of Ng.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Screening, management, and outcome of pregnancy in diabetic mothers.

During a 3.5-year period 94 latently and manifestly diabetic patients were treated in the State Maternity Hospital of Helsinki. Management of manifestly diabetic patients included strict control of maternal glucose metabolism based on plasma glucose values after meals and on fasting plasma glucose values, early hospitalization, and delivery near term to avoid infant morbidity due to prematurity. Fetal surveillance was based primarily on daily nonstress fetal heart rate monitoring and frequent urinary estriol determinations. Hypertensive disorders were encountered in 33% of patients in class A and 24% of patients in classes B through F; urinary tract infections were found in 17% and repeated maternal hypoglycemic episodes were found in 20% of manifestly diabetic mothers. Diabetic retinopathy showed variable progression during pregnancy in 50% of cases and unchanged in the remaining 50%; only 16% of patients with hypertensive retinopathy showed progression on reexamination. The perinatal mortality was 1.1%. Delivery by cesarean section was performed in 55.3% of cases. The duration of gestation at the moment of delivery was 38.9 weeks in class A and progressively less in classes B through F according to the severity of the diabetic disorder. The following percentages reflecting infant morbidity were encountered: respiratory distress syndrome 5.3%; neonatal hypoglycemia, 10.6%; hyperbilirubinemia, 8.5%; hypocalcemia, 5.3%; and the aspiration syndrome, 5.3%. Two infants had congenital anomalies: 1 had hypospadias and the other had aortic coarctation.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Risk factors for febrile morbidity associated with cesarean section.

The incidence of post-cesarean section febrile morbidity was prospectively studied in 774 patients undergoing cesarean section during 1 year. The overall morbidity was 20.5%. Postoperative endometritis was found in 9.8%, bacteriuria in 7.3%, and wound infection in 6.8% of the patients. A highly significant (P < .001) correlation between the rate of postoperative endometritis and duration of labor, number of vaginal examinations, and number of rectal examinations was found. Parity (P < .01), rupture of the membranes (P < .05), and skill of the operator (P < .05) were significantly correlated to the rate of postoperative endometritis. Internal fetal monitoring, hemoglobin concentrations, birth weight of the child, and the taking of fetal blood samples did not affect the rate of endometritis.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1980

Significant bacteriuria in the puerperium: a prospective study of the risk factors.

The rate of significant bacteriuria in the puerperium was studied prospectively in 3554 women who were delivered at the State Maternity Hospital. The influence of catheterisation during labour and before Caesarean section, urinary tract infection during pregnancy, puerperal endometritis and impaired glucose metabolism on the rate of significant postpartum bacteriuria was studied. Catheterisation significantly increased the rate of significant bacteriuria in patients who were delivered vaginally. A single catheterisation before Caesarean section did not increase the incidence of significant bacteriuria in comparison with the incidence of patients not catheterised before surgery. Patients with urinary tract infection diagnosed during pregnancy are at risk of developing significant postpartum bacteriuria. Patients with postpartum endometritis had twice the rate of significant bacteriuria than patients not developing postpartum endometritis, but the difference was not statistically significant. The presence of impaired glucose metabolism did not affect the rate of significant postpartum bacteriuria.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1979

Detection of beta subunit HCG in plasma of IUD users as an indication of frequency of conception.

One hundred and two women using an intrauterine copper device (Cu IUD) were studied for determination of HCG in blood plasma specimens obtained during the last 5 days of the menstrual cycle. HCG, LH, and progesterone were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Two positive HCG values were found, indicating conception. The methods by which the frequency of fertilization during IUD use can be evaluated are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Sustained intrauterine release of d-norgestrel.

Clinical experience with seventy-two first insertions of a d-norgestrel-releasing IUD is reported. Plasma d-norgestrel concentrations were measured in twelve subjects. No pregnancies occurred in the 522 woman-months of use (averaging 7.3 months/subject) that have been accumulated. Removals were performed in six subjects for medical reasons and in seven subjects for personal reasons. Plasma concentrations of d-norgestrel were highest during the first two weeks of use. A decline in the plasma concentration of d-norgestrel occurred and was only 0.05 ng/ml between 30 and 90 days after insertion.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Determination of plasma concentrations of d-norgestrel during a one year follow-up in women with a d-norgestrel-releasing IUD.

Eight healthy women had a d-norgestrel-releasing intrauterine device inserted postmenstrually and maintained in the uterine cavity for a one year period. Plasma concentrations of d-norgestrel were measured by radioimmunoassay during the one year treatment period. d-Norgestrel could be detected in the plasma of all the subjects within a fairly narrow range during the whole period. The release rate of d-norgestrel was calculated from two IUDs removed after the treatment.

Adult↗