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C H Riedel

Publications and source records attributed to C H Riedel.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

Planar system for magnetic induction conductivity measurement using a sensor matrix.

In this study the performance of an axial gradiometer sensor for magnetic induction tomography was investigated and the results of measurements to determine the precision and sensitivity of the sensor were undertaken. In the first part of the study a single gradiometer sensor was used and the noise and drift were measured for two excitation current values at a single frequency of 600 kHz. The variations of the real and imaginary received signal components with conductivity were then obtained for samples with 0-5 S m(-1). Both sets of measurements were repeated using two different forms of capacitive shielding. In the second part of the study the results of preliminary measurements obtained with a 2 x 2 planar matrix of axial gradiometers are given. The results of a simulation of a similar matrix using a commercial electromagnetic field calculation programme are also presented for comparison. For the sample utilized, the sensor output showed a linear variation with conductivity for the imaginary component of 0.033 mV S(-1) m using an excitation current of 316 mA at 600 kHz. No apparent correlation with conductivity for the real component was observed. The noise and drift of the imaginary component of the sensor output were 0.001 mV and 0.006 mV respectively, for the same excitation current. The results of the planar matrix measurements and simulations suggest that significant sensitivity is provided by using the measurement coils of the adjacent sensors. The measurement results however suggest that large improvements in the sensor noise and drift performance are required for these data to be of use.

Artifacts↗

Calculation of the dielectric properties of biological tissue using simple models of cell patches.

The measurement of the dielectric properties of biological tissue is of increasing scientific relevance. Models for the comprehension of the dielectric properties at various frequencies have been successfully set up. However, students often have problems in understanding the effects taking place on cellular level which lead to the observed dispersion. A numerical model of a biological tissue brick composed of single cells (micron-dimensions) between two plate electrodes is presented in this study. An electrical current in a range of 1 Hz to 3 GHz was applied to the electrodes and hence to the tissue model. Using an equivalent series circuit of a resistor and a capacitor it is possible to calculate the effective equivalent dielectric properties of the whole tissue model. The results show an increasing conductivity and decreasing permittivity with increasing frequency. This corresponds to experimental results obtained with different biological tissues.

Algorithms↗

Simulation of non-contact measurement of the electrical impedance using an anatomical model.

The measurement of the impedance of biological tissue can be a non-invasive method to find new data of diagnostic relevance. A system for a non-contact measurement of the electrical impedance of biological tissue is presented. The system consists of an excitation coil and two sensing coils, an upper and a lower coil. If the two sensing coils are coupled it can be used as a gradiometer coil. Numerical experiments with focus on the eddy currents in the tissue and on the detection of the small changes of the signal are carried out to calculate the fields, eddy current distributions and induced voltages. Hereby tests with different frequencies of the excitation current and different conductivities of a tissue block are used. Then the homogeneous tissue block is replaced with a fraction of the arm of an anatomical model which contains different tissue classes.

Computer Simulation↗

Design of a system for contact-free measurement of the conductivity of biological tissue.

The electrical impedance of tissue can give important informations about the viability of the tissue. A non-invasive and contact-free measuring system using an inductive sensor is presented. Using a single pick-up coil the system is not sensitive enough for measuring the small changes in conductivity of biological tissue. Employing a gradiometer instead of a single pick-up coil can improve the resolution of the system. The developed data acquisition system is realized using four parts: A lock-in-amplifier, providing a sinusoidal signal and measuring the signal of the sensor, a power amplifier, driving the excitation coil of the sensor, the inductive sensor and a preamplifier for buffering a reference signal and amplifying the output signal of the sensor. In this paper the focus is on the hardware that was set up. Results of measurements on inhomogeneous phantoms are shown.

Amplifiers, Electronic↗