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Biomedical subjects

C Herrmann

Publications and source records attributed to C Herrmann.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Release of tryptophan and serotonin into the portal vein of the isolated perfused rat small intestine.

To investigate the release of serotonin from intestinal enterochromaffin cells, we used an in vitro technique which allows studies excluding overlapping influences from outside the gut. The entire small intestine of rats fed a standard or tryptophan-enriched (3% of total) diet was totally isolated by ligatures with the exception of the superior mesenteric artery and portal vein that supply and drain the intestine. Simultaneously to the vascular perfusion (Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer, 0.4% human albumin, 5 mM glucose, 0.6 mM glutamine) the gut lumen was infused (buffer or 0.1 N HCL). Acidification of the gut lumen resulted in an increment of venously released tryptophan and serotonin. After feeding tryptophan-enriched food the release of tryptophan was increased. However, the total amount of released serotonin after tryptophan diet did not differ as compared to that after standard diet. Addition of a monoamino-oxidase inhibitor (pargyline) to the arterial perfusate enhanced the released amount of serotonin 3-fold in the portal venous effluent (at a concentration of 1 mM but not 0.1 mM). Recovery studies done by arterial infusions of serotonin (1 microM, 10 microM) and evaluation of the amounts venously released revealed a high loss of infused serotonin (40%-70%). Our data suggest gut-born serotonin to more likely play a paracrine role than a role as a classical hormone.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Thymectomy for myasthenia gravis: recent observations and comparisons with past experience.

To our previous report on the results of thymectomy for myasthenia gravis in 249 patients operated on between 1954 and 1981, we add a current review of 84 patients treated between 1982 and 1987. All patients underwent a median sternotomy, although this was performed after a bilateral submammary skin incision in most of the 57 female patients. There were no operative deaths, but one late death occurred at 5 months. During a mean followup of 3.6 years, 67 patients (80%) benefited from operation with remission achieved in 30 (36%) and improvement noted in 37 (44%). Acetylcholine receptor site antibody was present in 43 patients, of whom 19 (44%) achieved remission in contrast to 9 (27%) of the 33 patients without antibody. Hyperplasia of the excised thymus in 38 patients was associated with remission in 20 (53%) in contrast to remission in 7 (20%) of the 35 patients whose glands were "normal" or atrophic. The best prognosis was found in the 23 patients who had both receptor site antibody and thymic hyperplasia, as remission occurred in 15 of them (65%) in contrast to only 6 (27%) of the 22 patients who had neither factor. Remission rates (remissions per 1,000 patient-months of follow-up) for the present series (84 patients), the previous group (249 patients), and the overall group (333 patients) are 9.95, 6.13, and 6.62, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The hidden morbidity of pediatric trauma.

In an attempt to characterize the emotional and behavioral consequences of severe multisystem injury on pediatric trauma patients and members of their immediate family, 54 former trauma patients and their families were studied at least 1 year after discharge. Of those in a home setting, 60% had residual personality changes. Physical and cognitive handicaps, often multiple, were present in 50%; and social, affective, and learning disabilities were present in like number. Only 20% of the 50 children are in a regular school class; the other 80% require special-needs education. An unexpected finding was the effect of the accident on uninjured siblings, 66% of whom were reported to have developed emotional disturbances, school problems and aggressive personality changes. Parents reported a worsening of their martial relationship in 32% of cases, and new social and financial problems in 60%. Twenty-one mothers who were previously employed have stopped working to care for their child and 20% of families have exhausted their savings or gone into debt. Although a variety of support services were available to these families, they reported little use of extended care facilities, visiting nurses, and counselors. There is a hidden morbidity in pediatric trauma. It manifests years after injury, not only as physical disability but also as changes in cognition, personality and behavior, and as family stress. Since success in pediatric trauma care is the restoration of the child as nearly as possible to his premorbid state, these data suggest that more attention and resources should be directed to the late consequences of multisystem injury in children.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[Examination of the pH of saliva in children and juveniles in relation to caries, gingivitis and oral hygiene].

The pH rate of unstimulated fasting saliva in the morning in vivo and the following DMF/T, DMF/S, OH indexes and the PIe had been measured or ascertained in 70 subjects aged 10 to 17 years. The analyses stated that there does not exist a direct relationship between incidence of caries and the degree of inflammation of the gingiva and the concentration of saliva hydrogen ions as well. The pH rate of saliva is stated to be also a favourable factor for plaque formation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Physiological and psychological specifics of the stomatological care in patients suffering from connatal troubles of the haemodynamics].

Four groups of patients are subdivided related to the degree of severity of the trouble of haemodynamics. Main reasons for the decreased loadability are the lack in oxygen in the capillary range, increased infections of the respiratory systems and an altered situation of defense. The multitude of patients of the groups I and II can be treated in child's stomatology. The endangering of the patient acc. to its loadability, the application of local anaesthetics without supplement of means affecting the circulation and a protection by antibiotics with all the surgical interventions are prerequisites.

Dental Care↗
PubMed1989

[Frequency and prevalence of anomalies in shape, number and structure in locally limited disorders of the odontogenesis].

Anomalies in shape, number and structure of deciduous and permanent teeth in patients with different kinds of clefts are a sign of a disturbed developmental process. Their localisation, typically in the immediate vicinity of the cleft formation, and their exclusive presence at the upper medium and lateral incisors led to the presumption of a direct correlation with the genesis of the cleft formation. An early preventive individual care and the consequent complex stomatological therapy are a prerequisite for the realization of the morphological, functional and aesthetic conditions that effectively assist in the social accommodation of patients with different kinds of clefts.

Cleft Lip↗
PubMed1988

[A decline in hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarct during the last 10 years. An effect of acute intervention?].

The decline in hospital mortality after myocardial infarction was analyzed retrospectively in a cohort of 2147 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction, admitted to an University Hospital between 1978 and 1987. During this period the percentage of patients who had acute active interventions (thrombolysis, aortocoronary bypass surgery, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) increased from 6% (in 1978/79) to 50% (in 1986/87). During that same period, conventional treatment of acute myocardial infarction and the provisions for emergency admission and intensive care remained unchanged. At the same time there was a significant reduction in overall mortality from 29% (1978/79) to 17% (1986/87) (P less than 0.001). This decrease was especially marked for males (from 27% to 13% in the respective periods), and in patients with anterior-wall infarction (34% and 16%, respectively). These changes cannot be explained by differences in group characteristics. The main cause for the distinct reduction in hospital mortality of this cohort was the introduction and expansion of acute interventions.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

[Effect of glibenclamide on lipid metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients].

In 25 newly registered type II diabetics the effect of a sulfonylurea therapy with manilil in contrast to an exclusive dietary treatment on serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol as well as the risk indices total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol were investigated within a period of treatment of 6 months. In comparable age, index of body weight and degree of the quality of metabolism (fasting blood glucose, HbA1) there are no differences between dietary treatment and combined diet-manilil-therapy concerning the lipid parameters investigated. There is a significant correlation between the quality of metabolism (fasting blood glucose concentration, HbA1), triglyceride and cholesterol concentration as well as the risk indices total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol. On the other hand, there is no relation between HDL cholesterol and the quality of metabolism. The findings do not speak for the fact that a sulfonylurea therapy is associated with an unfavourable effect on serum lipids, particularly on the HDL cholesterol.

Cholesterol, HDL↗
PubMed1988

[The healing of osteotomies of the lower jaw and the adaptation of the masticatory muscles after miniplate osteosynthesis in rabbits. I. Radiologic and histological evaluation of the lower jaw].

Radiographic and histological investigations were carried out on a total of 15 rabbits after lower-jaw osteotomy and miniplate osteosynthesis. After the removal of the lower jaw (4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks) consolidation of the osteotomy surfaces without complications was observed in all animals. Radiographic examinations showed that callus formation in the operated area increased as the experiment proceeded. Histological observations made clear that only secondary bone-fracture healing resulted which must be attributed to the operation technique. These findings show that the lower jaw of the rabbit is very well suited to experimental research on miniplate osteosynthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Osteotomy healing of the lower jaw and the adaptation of the masticatory muscles after miniplate osteosynthesis in rabbits. II. Response pattern of the masticatory muscles (M. masseter)].

16 operated 4 control animals of both sexes were included in the study following osteotomy of the lower jaw and subsequent miniplate osteosynthesis. In addition, muscle tissue excised from 8 rabbits was evaluated at the time of the operation as additional normal material. The study was conducted over 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks, after which periods the animals were killed and their left and right masseters examined and compared in histological, histochemical and morphometric terms. The masticatory muscles of the control rabbits displayed a marked sex dimorphism. The males had strikingly large, predominantly type-2 fibres, whereas the fibre diameters in the females were found to differ less clearly, with type-1 fibres being predominant. In terms of muscle regeneration, it was found that following soft-part trauma small localized defects (biopsy) had healed completely after 12 weeks. In the residual parenchyma, signs of adaptation to a changed mastication as a result of the experimental operation (osteotomy of the lower jaw, miniplate osteosynthesis, muscle biopsy) could be identified. Atrophy as a result of non-use was found to occur to a limited extent, whereas the number of type-2C fibres and fibre type transformations were raised significantly. After the surgery, the organization of the impaired muscle fibres was aided by a stabilization and rest positioning of the parts concerned. The muscle fibres reinnervation that followed was supported by functional exercise and nerve impulses.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Proton spin tomography in childhood. Experience with 407 studies in 275 children and adolescents].

Over a period of three years magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), mostly neuroradiological, was performed 407 times in 275 children. It was found that MRI largely replaced previously applied imaging methods for solving oncological and neurological problems. The sensitivity of the method is poor for demonstrating small calcifications (computed tomography is better), for diffuse meningeal lesions (lumbar puncture is better), and diffuse spinal-canal metastases (myelography is better). The great advantage of the method lies in its low x-ray exposure because of the low field strength, and it can therefore be safely used repeatedly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Mediastinal imaging in myasthenia gravis: correlation of chest radiography, CT, MR, and surgical findings.

Chest radiographs and CT and MR images of the mediastinum were studied in 16 patients with myasthenia gravis who underwent thymectomy (two with a final diagnosis of thymoma, seven with hyperplasia, and seven with a normal thymus). The anterior mediastinum was analyzed on imaging studies for thymic morphology and the presence of mass lesions, and the findings were then correlated with the results of surgical resection and pathologic examination. The chest radiographs detected an anterior mediastinal mass in two patients consistent with thymoma on subsequent CT and MR examinations. Chest radiographs in the other 14 patients were normal. In seven patients with a final diagnosis of thymic hyperplasia, both CT and MR demonstrated normal thymic morphology in five, an enlarged thymus in one, and a small thymus in one that was easily identified on CT but was difficult to define on MR. In the other seven patients with a normal thymus on pathologic examination, both CT and MR showed an involuted thymus in four, a normal thymus in two, and an enlarged thymus in one. While both CT and MR were superior to chest radiography for studying the thymus, CT provided better spatial resolution and thymic definition in a much shorter scanning time than MR did. This study suggests that CT should remain the procedure of choice when further imaging of the thymus is needed after the initial chest radiographs in patients with myasthenia gravis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Reference substance for initialling the marker space in NMR tomography].

Dimethylsiloxane polymers are tested to serve as a reference medium in quantitative MR imaging. Simultaneously measured during the patient's examination, the reference data are used to normalize the intrinsic MR tissue parameters. This method helps to achieve interindividual comparability of tissue vectors which are defined by proton density, spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxation times, thus leading to a remarkable improvement in tissue classification.

Brain↗