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Biomedical subjects

C Herrmann

Publications and source records attributed to C Herrmann.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Frequency and prevalence of anomalies in shape, number and structure in locally limited disorders of the odontogenesis].

Anomalies in shape, number and structure of deciduous and permanent teeth in patients with different kinds of clefts are a sign of a disturbed developmental process. Their localisation, typically in the immediate vicinity of the cleft formation, and their exclusive presence at the upper medium and lateral incisors led to the presumption of a direct correlation with the genesis of the cleft formation. An early preventive individual care and the consequent complex stomatological therapy are a prerequisite for the realization of the morphological, functional and aesthetic conditions that effectively assist in the social accommodation of patients with different kinds of clefts.

Cleft Lip↗
PubMed1988

[A decline in hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarct during the last 10 years. An effect of acute intervention?].

The decline in hospital mortality after myocardial infarction was analyzed retrospectively in a cohort of 2147 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction, admitted to an University Hospital between 1978 and 1987. During this period the percentage of patients who had acute active interventions (thrombolysis, aortocoronary bypass surgery, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) increased from 6% (in 1978/79) to 50% (in 1986/87). During that same period, conventional treatment of acute myocardial infarction and the provisions for emergency admission and intensive care remained unchanged. At the same time there was a significant reduction in overall mortality from 29% (1978/79) to 17% (1986/87) (P less than 0.001). This decrease was especially marked for males (from 27% to 13% in the respective periods), and in patients with anterior-wall infarction (34% and 16%, respectively). These changes cannot be explained by differences in group characteristics. The main cause for the distinct reduction in hospital mortality of this cohort was the introduction and expansion of acute interventions.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

[Effect of glibenclamide on lipid metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients].

In 25 newly registered type II diabetics the effect of a sulfonylurea therapy with manilil in contrast to an exclusive dietary treatment on serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol as well as the risk indices total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol were investigated within a period of treatment of 6 months. In comparable age, index of body weight and degree of the quality of metabolism (fasting blood glucose, HbA1) there are no differences between dietary treatment and combined diet-manilil-therapy concerning the lipid parameters investigated. There is a significant correlation between the quality of metabolism (fasting blood glucose concentration, HbA1), triglyceride and cholesterol concentration as well as the risk indices total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol. On the other hand, there is no relation between HDL cholesterol and the quality of metabolism. The findings do not speak for the fact that a sulfonylurea therapy is associated with an unfavourable effect on serum lipids, particularly on the HDL cholesterol.

Cholesterol, HDL↗
PubMed1988

[The healing of osteotomies of the lower jaw and the adaptation of the masticatory muscles after miniplate osteosynthesis in rabbits. I. Radiologic and histological evaluation of the lower jaw].

Radiographic and histological investigations were carried out on a total of 15 rabbits after lower-jaw osteotomy and miniplate osteosynthesis. After the removal of the lower jaw (4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks) consolidation of the osteotomy surfaces without complications was observed in all animals. Radiographic examinations showed that callus formation in the operated area increased as the experiment proceeded. Histological observations made clear that only secondary bone-fracture healing resulted which must be attributed to the operation technique. These findings show that the lower jaw of the rabbit is very well suited to experimental research on miniplate osteosynthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Osteotomy healing of the lower jaw and the adaptation of the masticatory muscles after miniplate osteosynthesis in rabbits. II. Response pattern of the masticatory muscles (M. masseter)].

16 operated 4 control animals of both sexes were included in the study following osteotomy of the lower jaw and subsequent miniplate osteosynthesis. In addition, muscle tissue excised from 8 rabbits was evaluated at the time of the operation as additional normal material. The study was conducted over 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks, after which periods the animals were killed and their left and right masseters examined and compared in histological, histochemical and morphometric terms. The masticatory muscles of the control rabbits displayed a marked sex dimorphism. The males had strikingly large, predominantly type-2 fibres, whereas the fibre diameters in the females were found to differ less clearly, with type-1 fibres being predominant. In terms of muscle regeneration, it was found that following soft-part trauma small localized defects (biopsy) had healed completely after 12 weeks. In the residual parenchyma, signs of adaptation to a changed mastication as a result of the experimental operation (osteotomy of the lower jaw, miniplate osteosynthesis, muscle biopsy) could be identified. Atrophy as a result of non-use was found to occur to a limited extent, whereas the number of type-2C fibres and fibre type transformations were raised significantly. After the surgery, the organization of the impaired muscle fibres was aided by a stabilization and rest positioning of the parts concerned. The muscle fibres reinnervation that followed was supported by functional exercise and nerve impulses.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Proton spin tomography in childhood. Experience with 407 studies in 275 children and adolescents].

Over a period of three years magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), mostly neuroradiological, was performed 407 times in 275 children. It was found that MRI largely replaced previously applied imaging methods for solving oncological and neurological problems. The sensitivity of the method is poor for demonstrating small calcifications (computed tomography is better), for diffuse meningeal lesions (lumbar puncture is better), and diffuse spinal-canal metastases (myelography is better). The great advantage of the method lies in its low x-ray exposure because of the low field strength, and it can therefore be safely used repeatedly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Mediastinal imaging in myasthenia gravis: correlation of chest radiography, CT, MR, and surgical findings.

Chest radiographs and CT and MR images of the mediastinum were studied in 16 patients with myasthenia gravis who underwent thymectomy (two with a final diagnosis of thymoma, seven with hyperplasia, and seven with a normal thymus). The anterior mediastinum was analyzed on imaging studies for thymic morphology and the presence of mass lesions, and the findings were then correlated with the results of surgical resection and pathologic examination. The chest radiographs detected an anterior mediastinal mass in two patients consistent with thymoma on subsequent CT and MR examinations. Chest radiographs in the other 14 patients were normal. In seven patients with a final diagnosis of thymic hyperplasia, both CT and MR demonstrated normal thymic morphology in five, an enlarged thymus in one, and a small thymus in one that was easily identified on CT but was difficult to define on MR. In the other seven patients with a normal thymus on pathologic examination, both CT and MR showed an involuted thymus in four, a normal thymus in two, and an enlarged thymus in one. While both CT and MR were superior to chest radiography for studying the thymus, CT provided better spatial resolution and thymic definition in a much shorter scanning time than MR did. This study suggests that CT should remain the procedure of choice when further imaging of the thymus is needed after the initial chest radiographs in patients with myasthenia gravis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Reference substance for initialling the marker space in NMR tomography].

Dimethylsiloxane polymers are tested to serve as a reference medium in quantitative MR imaging. Simultaneously measured during the patient's examination, the reference data are used to normalize the intrinsic MR tissue parameters. This method helps to achieve interindividual comparability of tissue vectors which are defined by proton density, spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxation times, thus leading to a remarkable improvement in tissue classification.

Brain↗
PubMed1986

Pathologic evaluation of thymic hyperplasia in myasthenia gravis and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome.

Eleven thymectomy specimens from patients with myasthenia gravis or Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome were thoroughly sectioned. The results were compared with the routine surgical pathology reports that were based on a median of four sections. Routine sampling was found to be inadequate because the thymectomy specimens were inhomogeneous--some random sections contained germinal centers while others did not. Thus, on more thorough examination, about half of the specimens should have been diagnosed as showing "follicular hyperplasia" rather than "no diagnostic change" or "involution." This helps explain the conflicting results of previous studies, based when stated on a mean of three sections, in which favorable response to thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis was either not correlated with the thymus histologic state or correlated variously with few or numerous germinal centers. Thus, nondiagnostic histologic findings based on only one or two thymus sections should be suspect, and if in doubt a larger number of sections should be examined for accurate pathologic diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Syndrome of palatal myoclonus and progressive ataxia: two cases with magnetic resonance imaging.

Two patients are reported with palatal myoclonus, progressive ataxia, and dysarthria, unresponsive to treatment with trihexyphenidyl or L-5-hydroxytryptophan. MRI showed enlargement of the inferior olives in one patient, consistent with the pathology usually associated with palatal myoclonus. The syndrome of progressive ataxia and palatal myoclonus should be distinguished from other ataxias and degenerations that affect the brainstem and cerebellum. Pathology and specificity of site of the lesions are distinctive.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Myasthenia gravis--current concepts.

An edited summary of an Interdepartmental Conference arranged by the Department of Medicine of the UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles. The Director of Conferences is William M. Pardridge, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine. Current findings indicate that autoimmune myasthenia gravis is an acquired immune complex disorder of neuromuscular transmission in voluntary striated muscle. There is a break in immunologic tolerance leading to blocking and degradation of acetylcholine receptors, together with widening of the synaptic cleft associated with partial destruction, simplification and shortening of the postjunctional membrane. Thymic hyperplasia and thymoma may be present. A decremental response to nerve-muscle stimulation, blocking and jitter on single-fiber electromyography and circulating antibodies to acetylcholine receptor are detectable in most patients with generalized weakness. Although the cause of this abnormal immunologic mechanism remains to be discovered, anticholinesterases, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, plasmapheresis or thymectomy (individually or in combination) provide control and better prognosis in most patients.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1984

[Double-blind comparative study of lorazepam and tiapride effects on the memory capacities of subjects over 60 years of age].

The authors' purpose was to confirm their hypotheses based on their prior study of the effect of tiapride and lorazepam on memorizing capacities of patients over sixty years of age. The results of a two weeks, double-blind trial show that tiapride, in addition to its sedative action, produces disinhibition and enhances wakefulness, thereby improving memory performances in the elderly.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

[Anxiolytics and mnemonic ability of the aged subject. Apropos of a double-blind study between tiapride and lorazepam].

Starting from a study of memory performances while prescription in double blind of lorazepam (2 mg/day) versus tiapride (100 mg/day), during ten days, to patients over sixty years of age, the authors try to analyse the links between anxiety, anxiolysis and attention and memory capacities. Results seem to indicate that beyond anxiolysis, these products could have an independent action over memory performances. Statistical trial of results show significantly that performances decrease under lorazepam and increase under tiapride.

Aged↗