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Biomedical subjects

C J Gaskell

Publications and source records attributed to C J Gaskell.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Neutralisation patterns among recent British and North American feline calicivirus isolates from different clinical origins.

The neutralisation patterns of 103 recent isolates of feline calicivirus from cats with chronic stomatitis or acute feline calicivirus disease, and from cats with neither oral nor respiratory disease were compared. There were no statistically significant differences between the proportions of isolates from each clinical source neutralised by individual feline calicivirus cat antisera. Different antisera showed widely differing degrees of cross reactivity; antisera to the most widely used vaccine strain F9 being the most cross reactive, neutralising 54 per cent of all the field isolates, and antisera to a field isolate LS015 the next most cross reactive, neutralising 29 per cent of the field isolates. However, the cross reactivity of antisera to early British isolates (A4, 68/40 and 69/1112) was much reduced (overall less than 10 per cent) whereas in the early 1970s 65 per cent of 117 field isolates from clinically normal cats were neutralised by A4 antiserum, and 40 per cent by each of 68/40 and 69/1112 antisera. This suggests a change in the spectrum of antigenicity among feline calicivirus isolates over the past 15 years. However, the cross reactivity of F9 antisera appeared to be similar to that in earlier studies. The relevance of these findings to vaccination is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Prevalence of feline calicivirus, feline leukaemia virus and antibodies to FIV in cats with chronic stomatitis.

The prevalence of feline calicivirus (FCV), feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) antibodies were assessed in 78 British and 18 North American household cats with chronic stomatitis and in appropriate controls. In British cats, FCV was significantly (P less than 0.005) more prevalent in both hospital (92 per cent) and general practice (79 per cent) cases compared to their controls (19 per cent in both cases). A similar difference in prevalence of FCV was noted in North American cats where 50 per cent of cases were positive compared to 0 per cent of controls (P less than 0.01). FeLV prevalence was low in all chronic stomatitis populations. A significantly higher prevalence of antibody to FIV was found in British hospital cases (81 per cent) compared with time-matched controls (16 per cent) (P less than 0.001): a similar rate was found in the general practice cases (75 per cent) for which no controls were available. In the North American sample, FIV antibody status was similar in cases (54 per cent positive) and their age, sex and breed matched controls (50 per cent). The possible role of FCV and FIV in the pathogenesis of feline chronic stomatitis is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Studies on poxvirus infection in cats.

The development of clinical disease and the pathogenesis of cowpox were studied in domestic cats inoculated by a variety of routes. Intradermal titration in two cats demonstrated that as little as five pfu of cowpox virus caused a primary skin lesion. Intradermal inoculation of greater than or equal to 10(5) pfu cowpox virus resulted in severe systemic disease. Large amounts of virus (greater than or equal to 10(3) pfu/g) were isolated from skin lesions and the turbinates of cats killed at eight and 11 days post-inoculation (dpi). Lesser amounts of virus (congruent to 10(2) pfu/g) were isolated from lymphoid tissues and the lung, and small amounts of virus were isolated from various other tissues. A white cell-associated viraemia was detected from 5 dpi onwards. Skin scarification with 10(3) or 50 pfu cowpox virus enabled reproduction of the naturally-acquired disease. Cat-to-cat transmission was demonstrated from cats inoculated by skin scarification, but caused only subclinical infection in sentinel cats. Oronasal inoculation resulted in transient coryza and milder generalized disease than skin inoculation, and no transmission to sentinel cats. Preliminary investigations showed vaccinia virus (Lister strain) to be of low infectivity in cats while inoculation of ectromelia virus (Mill Hill strain) did not cause any clinical signs.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Virus shedding and immune responses in cats inoculated with cell culture-adapted feline infectious peritonitis virus.

Eight specific pathogen-free cats were inoculated orally or parenterally with a cell culture-adapted strain of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). Faeces and oropharyngeal swabs were monitored daily for infectious virus by inoculation of feline embryo lung cells. Virus was recovered from both sites for approximately 2 weeks after inoculation, before clinical signs of disease developed. Peripheral blood lymphocytes collected from these cats were tested in an in-vitro blastogenic assay using concanavalin A (con A) and FIPV antigen. All cats showed a profound suppression of the response to con A which only recovered to pre-inoculation levels in 2 cats, one of which survived. These 2 cats also responded to FIPV antigen on the 21st day after infection, the greater response being in the survivor. The other cats, surviving 16-18 days, developed no response to FIPV antigen. Antibody titres, measured by immunofluorescence and by virus neutralization, rose rapidly to very high levels in all cats, regardless of the route of inoculation.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Myopathy with core-like structures in a dog.

Core-like structures were seen histologically in many of the fibres of the triceps and biceps femoris muscles of an 18-months-old male Great Dane with muscle weakness and moderate proximal muscular atrophy. The structures were lightly staining and lacked cross-striations. Some contained vacuoles and nuclei. Scattered necrotic and presumably regenerating fibres were also present. Ultrastructurally, the cores contained disarrayed filament bundles attached to thickened Z-lines which were compatible with the rods of rod myopathies. The condition was not fully characterized, but has certain similarities to a group of rare human congenital muscular disorders which includes central core disease.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1987

Antibody and complement mediated lysis of felid herpesvirus 1 infected cells in vitro.

The lysis of cells infected by felid herpesvirus 1 (FHV) by feline anti-FHV antibody and complement was demonstrated. Lytic activity was sensitive to dilution of both antibody and, especially, complement. It was first detected within 10 to 20 minutes, increased rapidly during the next 30 minutes of incubation and then rose more slowly in a linear manner. Using standard antibody and complement concentrations and assay duration, it was shown that FHV infected cells underwent significant (P less than 0.05) lysis from eight hours after infection in a system in which FHV-specific membrane antigen was first detected at three hours after infection and spread of FHV by the intracellular route began eight to nine hours after infection. The ability of antibody and complement to reduce FHV spread in this system was demonstrated by a significant (P less than 0.05) reduction in FHV plaque numbers, although the restriction of spread was not absolute. Chelation of divalent cations and heat inactivation of complement factor B revealed that the lytic system was dependent on factor B and Mg2+ but not Ca2+, suggesting involvement of the alternative pathway of complement activation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Ecology of orthopoxviruses and use of recombinant vaccinia vaccines.

Little is known of the ways in which orthopoxviruses are maintained in nature, and the role of wild-life reservoirs requires further investigation. This lack of information is important in view of proposals to use as vaccines recombinant vaccinia viruses which carry genes for other immunising antigens. The possibility that such strains may become established in nature, as vaccinia may have in Indian buffaloes, and/or undergo genetic hybridisation with existing orthopoxviruses should be considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Poxvirus infection in the domestic cat: some clinical and epidemiological observations.

The clinical findings from 30 cases of feline poxvirus infection in the UK are reviewed and some epidemiological observations described and discussed. In most cases the clinical signs consisted of skin lesions only, although systemic signs were also occasionally seen. Over half the cats had a history of a single recent lesion, assumed to be primary, on the head, neck or a forelimb. Twenty-nine of 30 cats developed more widespread secondary skin lesions. Cat-to-cat transmission was apparently rare. More cases were recognised in the autumn than at other times of the year. The possibility of a wild mammal reservoir of infection is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Responses of cats to nasal vaccination with a live, modified feline herpesvirus type 1.

Intranasal vaccination with a cold-adapted strain of feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) two days before challenge gave partial protection, and four days before challenge gave complete protection, against feline viral rhinotracheitis. Protection at this time appeared to be specific since vaccination with FHV-1 did not affect the disease caused by the unrelated feline calicivirus. The time course of onset of protection also confirmed that the protective mechanism was likely to be specific. However, six days after vaccination only low levels of FHV-specific IgA and IgM antibody and of interferon were found in serum and nasal washings. In lymphocyte transformation assays neither peripheral blood lymphocytes nor tonsil lymphocytes gave a significant proliferative response in the presence of FHV antigen. Pathogenesis experiments demonstrated that the tonsil and nasal turbinates were the most important sites of virulent FHV-1 replication. Vaccination significantly reduced levels of infectious virus found in both sites. The results provide evidence that no one mechanism is responsible for protection following vaccination but local specific responses are more likely to be involved.

Administration, Intranasal↗