PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C Jackson

Publications and source records attributed to C Jackson.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Brain abscess in a goat.

A young goat was presented with a left spastic hemiparesis and general proprioceptive ataxia with postural reaction deficits, a right head tilt and positional nystagmus. Seizure-like activity was elicited by rapid changes in the position of the animal's head. The neurological signs and quality of the seizure activity suggested a lesion involving the medulla and possibly the cerebellum. A focal lesion at the level of the left cerebellar peduncles could explain the left hemiparesis and right paradoxical vestibular signs. A large encapsulated abscess was found at the confluence of the left cerebellar peduncles. The morphology and staining characteristics of the organisms within the abscess were consistent with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Community care. Your role or mine?

On 1 April social services departments took on lead responsibility for co-ordinating and funding community care, under the NHS and community care reforms. Cath Jackson spotlights East Sussex where health and social services managers are confident the systems are in place to implement the changes.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed1993

Children behind bars.

Over half the women serving prison sentences are mothers--many with dependent children under 16. Three women's prisons have special mother and baby units but there is little provision for the majority of women prisoners to maintain contact with their children. Campaigners say too little thought is given to the rights of the children.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Water. Scots verdict.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed1993

Health promotion: stepping into the breach--again.

Despite government resistance to formal merger, district and family health service authorities (DHAs and FHSAs) are increasingly looking to make joint community nurse appointments to fill evident gaps in general practitioner health promotion services. Cath Jackson highlights two pioneering projects.

Family Practice↗
PubMed1993

Public health. Crossing the borders.

Can public health survive the shift in community health service delivery to general practice? Who will pay for it? And who will do it? These were some of the questions debated by delegates at the Public Health Alliance conference 'Making New Friends: the public health challenge in primary care', held in Birmingham on 6 July. Cath Jackson reports from two key workshops.

Family Practice↗
PubMed1993

Assessment of ketorolac as an adjuvant to fentanyl patient-controlled epidural analgesia after radical retropubic prostatectomy.

BACKGROUND: Opioids, although effective postoperative analgesics, are associated with undesirable side effects. In an attempt to determine whether adjuvant, nonopioid medication would permit a reduction of the amount of fentanyl required for postoperative analgesia, the efficacy of ketorolac, an injectable nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, was studied as an adjuvant to fentanyl patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) for postoperative pain management following radical retropublic prostatectomy. METHODS: Forty patients were randomized into two groups to receive fentanyl PCEA and either ketorolac 30 mg intramuscularly every 6 h after an initial dose of 60 mg (n = 20) or placebo (n = 20) for 72 h. Visual analogue scale pain scores (0-100 mm; 0 mm = no pain; 100 mm = worst pain), sedation, fentanyl usage, gastrointestinal function, complications, blood loss, and temperature were assessed four times each day. RESULTS: Visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores at rest were lower in the ketorolac group during the first 4 h (P < 0.01), but were similar thereafter. Global VAS pain scores with activity were lower in the ketorolac group on postoperative day 1 (23 +/- 4 vs. 39 +/- 6; P < 0.05) and postoperative day 2 (17 +/- 3 vs. 29 +/- 4; P < 0.05). Bladder spasm pain occurred less frequently in the ketorolac group (1 vs. 9 patients; P < 0.05). Fentanyl usage was less in the ketorolac group throughout the study (33 +/- 3 vs. 50 +/- 6 micrograms/h, 0-24 h; 20 +/- 2 vs. 36 +/- 6 micrograms/h, 24-48 h; 12 +/- 2 vs. 24 +/- 6 micrograms/h, 48-72 h; P < 0.05). Sedation scores and side effects were similar, except on postoperative day 3 when nausea was less frequent in the ketorolac group (0 vs. 6 patients; P < 0.05). Recovery of gastrointestinal function occurred sooner in the ketorolac group as determined by first bowel sounds (26 +/- 3 vs. 38 +/- 4 h; P < 0.05), first clear liquids (51 +/- 2 vs. 65 +/- 3 h; P < 0.01), and first regular meal (95 +/- 4 vs. 110 +/- 4 h; P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in blood loss, transfusion requirement, hematocrit, platelet count, or temperature. There was high overall satisfaction in both groups, but fewer patients in the ketorolac group rated pain with walking as usually or always painful (1 vs. 9 patients; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Ketorolac is a beneficial adjuvant to fentanyl PCEA for postoperative pain management after radical retropubic prostatectomy.

Analgesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1993

Equal rights.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed1993

Beyond Project 2000.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed1992

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor augments rotational behavior and nigrostriatal dopamine turnover in vivo.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the nerve growth factor (NGF)-related family of neutrophins, promotes the survival and differentiation of cultured nigral dopamine neurons. Two-week infusions of BDNF were made above the right pars compacta of the substantia nigra in adult rats. Systemic injection of these animals with (+)-amphetamine, a dopamine-releasing drug, induced 3 or 4 body rotations per minute directed away from the nigral infusion site. Neither supranigral NGF nor neocortical BDNF infusions induced rotational behavior. Systemic injections of the postsynaptic dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine did not induce rotations in these animals, demonstrating a presynaptic dopamine neuron locus for BDNF action. In support of this, neostriatal levels of the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) were elevated by 28%, and the HVA/dopamine and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC)/dopamine ratios were elevated by 56% and 34%, respectively, in the BDNF-infused brain hemisphere. BDNF augmented striatal concentrations of HVA and DOPAC and the metabolite/dopamine ratios to even greater extents after (+)-amphetamine injection, when peak rotational effects occurred. Intrastriatal infusions of BDNF produced fewer rotations per minute (1-2.5) after (+)-amphetamine and smaller elevations in HVA and the HVA/dopamine ratio (15% and 30%, respectively) than after supranigral delivery. Neither striatal dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, nor acetylcholine high-affinity uptake or the synthetic enzymes for these neurotransmitters was altered by BDNF. These behavioral and neurochemical effects demonstrate an action of BDNF on dopamine neurons in vivo and are consistent with a potential role for BDNF in the treatment of Parkinson disease.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1992

The chondroprotective drugs, Arteparon and sodium pentosan polysulphate, increase collagenase activity and inhibit stromelysin activity in vitro.

The effects of the chondroprotective drugs, sodium pentosan polysulphate (SP54) and Arteparon (glycosaminoglycan polysulphate), on the in vitro activities of the purified matrix metalloproteinases interstitial collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase 1, MMP1) and stromelysin (MMP3) were examined. Both drugs produced concentration-dependent enhancement of the degradation of type I collagen fibrils by purified human fibroblast collagenase and rat tumour collagenase. Rat collagenase activity was increased by drug concentrations above 0.5 microgram/mL, whereas human collagenase activity was only increased by higher drug concentrations, above 5 micrograms/mL. The concentration dependence of the increase in rat collagenase activity was similar for both drugs, with a maximal 3-fold increase at 50 micrograms/mL. In contrast, human collagenase activity was increased to a greater extent by SP 54 compared to Arteparon, with maximal increases at 5000 micrograms/mL of 6-fold and 2-4-fold, respectively. Both drugs produced concentration-dependent inhibition of the proteoglycan-degrading activity of both human fibroblast stromelysin and rat tumour stromelysin. Rat and human stromelysin activities were inhibited at drug concentrations above 0.005 microgram/mL, with a similar concentration dependence for both drugs. Fifty percent inhibition of rat stromelysin was produced by concentrations of each drug in the 0.5-5 microgram/mL range. The pattern of inhibition of human stromelysin was similar, except that drug concentrations in the 500-5000 micrograms/mL range produced 50% inhibition. The possible modes of action for these drug effects and their possible pharmacological significance are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

An evaluation of the heat and moisture exchange performance of four ventilator circuit filters.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the heat and moisture exchange efficiency of 4 commonly used ventilator circuit filters--DAR Hygroster (DHS), DAR Hygobac (DHC), Pall Ultipor BB50 (PUBC) and Intersurgical filtatherm (IFT). DESIGN: Prospective randomized study. SETTING: Intensive care unit of a university teaching hospital. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS: 80 patients requiring post-operative mechanical ventilation were entered into the study. A total of 40 patients were studied after 1 h and 40 after 24 h. Due to technical errors 6 of the 1 h studies and 2 of the 24 h studies were excluded from analysis. INTERVENTIONS: Mean wet and dry ceramic-platinum thermal probes were inserted in the inspiratory side of a device which separated inspiratory and expiratory gas flows on the patient side of the ventilator circuit filter. Humidification efficiency was calculated with reference to these wet and dry bulb temperatures. Tracheal temperature was measured by a similar thermal probe in the tracheal tube. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Absolute humidity was greatest in group DHS (30.4 +/- 3.5 versus 22.9 +/- 1.5 mg/l at 1 h and 27.3 +/- 3.5 versus 20.7 +/- 2.4 mg/l at 24 h). The differences in absolute humidity reached statistical significance as follows: p = 0.0001 for DHS versus all others at 1 h and for DHS and DHC versus PUBC and IFT at 24 h. CONCLUSION: Better humidification capabilities were obtained with groups DHS and DHC than PUBC and IFT.

Aged↗