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Biomedical subjects

C Jackson

Publications and source records attributed to C Jackson.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The Behavioral Risk Factor Survey and the Stanford Five-City Project Survey: a comparison of cardiovascular risk behavior estimates.

BACKGROUND: Nearly all state health departments collect Behavioral Risk Factor Survey (BRFS) data, and many report using these data in public health planning. Although the BRFS is widely used, little is known about its measurement properties. This study compares the cardiovascular risk behavior estimates of the BRFS with estimates derived from the physiological and interview data of the Stanford Five-City Project Survey (FCPS). METHOD: The BRFS is a random telephone sample of 1588 adults aged 25 to 64; the FCPS is a random household sample of 1512 adults aged 25 to 64. Both samples were drawn from the same four California communities. RESULTS: The surveys produced comparable estimates for measures of current smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day, rate of ever being told one has high blood pressure, rate of prescription of blood pressure medications, compliance in taking medications, and mean total cholesterol. Significant differences were found for mean body mass index, rates of obesity, and, in particular, rate of controlled hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: These differences indicate that, for some risk variables, the BRFS has limited utility in assessing public health needs and setting public health objectives. A formal validation study is needed to test all the risk behavior estimates measured by this widely used instrument.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

White Paper. I. Crossing the health divide.

The health of the nation white paper has been widely welcomed as a clear shift in NHS policy towards health promotion. But will the strategy achieve real improvements in the health of those who need help most? What part can health visitors and school nurses expect to play?

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed1992

Equal opportunities. Room at the top.

NHS employers must take positive steps to increase the number of women in senior management posts, the NHS management executive has ordered. It has even set up a women's unit. Cath Jackson talks to caroline Langridge, head of the unit, and to some of the women who have made it to the top.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed1992

Water way to lose weight.

Many severely overweight women find it difficult to follow conventional exercise programmes. Salisbury health visitors Rosalind Griffith and Pauline Sharp run weekly 'Swim-slim' sessions at the local hospital swimming pool where overweight women, too embarrassed to go to their local baths on their own, exercise together to lose weight and gain confidence to tackle social isolation and depression.

Body Image↗
PubMed1992

Community mothers: trick or treat?

To many health visitors they are a threat. To others they are a unique and invaluable resource. Cath Jackson talks to the health visitors and women involved in two projects pioneering community mother programmes in England.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed1992

Girls with fragile X syndrome: physical and neurocognitive status and outcome.

The fragile X syndrome, a common X-linked form of mental retardation and autism, affects females as well as males. Previous work has shown that approximately 35% of heterozygotes (women who carry the fragile X gene) demonstrate cognitive impairment. Thirty-two girls, 18 years or younger, who demonstrate the fragile X chromosome were evaluated and compared with 19 sisters who do not demonstrate the fragile X chromosome. Evaluations included a physical examination, behavioral assessment, and intelligence testing. Significant differences (in intellectual, behavioral, and physical features) were seen between the two groups. Twenty-five percent of fragile X-positive girls had an IQ in the mentally retarded range (IQ less than 70) and 28% had an IQ in the borderline range (70 to 84). Prominent ears, shyness, and poor eye contact were significant findings in fragile X-positive girls compared with fragile X-negative girls. Thirty-one percent of the fragile X-positive girls had significant attentional difficulties and most of these girls were successfully treated with stimulant medication. The majority of fragile X-positive girls in this study demonstrated significant behavioral and developmental problems which required identification and appropriate treatment. Pediatricians and health care providers should be aware of the frequency and manner with which fragile X affects females in order to initiate cytogenetic studies and treatment when indicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

N2,N4,N6-tri(hydroxymethyl)-N2,N4,N6-trimethylmelamine (trimelamol) is an efficient DNA cross-linking agent in vitro.

An investigation of the mechanism of action of the antitumour agent trimelamol has established that it is an efficient interstrand DNA cross-linker in vitro, comparable to nitrogen mustards such as melphalan. Studies have shown that the cross-linking reaction is acid-catalysed but, unlike the nitrogen mustards, only partially reversible after treatment with piperidine. The bisalkylation (cross-linking) reaction appears to be concerted, and no "second arm" reaction has been detected. The results of thermal denaturation studies are consistent with general DNA binding, and suggest a preference for GC-rich sites. The acid-catalysed reaction of trimelamol with a model nucleophile (thiophenol) has also been investigated and an adduct resulting from displacement of the three carbinolamine functions has been isolated and characterized.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1991

Studies on the stability of trimelamol, a carbinolamine-containing antitumor drug.

The stability of trimelamol (N2,N4,N6-trimethylol-N2,N4,N6-trimethylmelamine) a synthetic carbinolamine-containing antitumor drug, has been studied. Two major degradation pathways have been characterized and a unified mechanism proposed to rationalize the chemistry involved. One degradation pathway involves the consecutive loss of hydroxymethylene units by elimination of formaldehyde until the parent trimethylmelamine (4) results. An HPLC method was used to obtain kinetic data for the loss of trimelamol and to monitor the order of appearance of three degradation products. This pathway was shown to follow first-order kinetics at all pH values studied at both 18 and 37 degrees C. The second pathway involves the coupling of two trimelamol molecules via a methylene bridge to form bis(trimelamol) (6) which had been previously referred to in the literature as a "polymer". This reaction is acid catalyzed and temperature dependent. Bis(trimelamol) is virtually water insoluble and adheres strongly to glass surfaces. Finally, t1/2 values have been determined for trimelamol in aqueous solution at different temperatures, and the kinetics of formation of degradation products has been studied over a period of 30 h under a variety of conditions of pH and temperature. The data reported here are relevant to both the formulation and clinical administration of trimelamol, and may contribute to an understanding of mechanism of action and future analogue development studies.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1991

Improved renal transplant preservation using a modified intracellular flush solution (PB-2). Characterization of mechanisms by renal clearance, high performance liquid chromatography, phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and electron microscopy studies.

A number of new intracellular renal flush solutions have been found to be more efficacious than Collins-2 (C-2) solution in extending organ viability during simple cold storage. However, the mechanism of action of these solutions remains poorly understood. To delineate better underlying intracellular mechanisms, we studied a modified, simple, hypothermic, intracellular (340 mOsm/kg) flush solution (PB-2). The development of PB-2 solution is based on the ability of some of its individual components to minimize ischemic adenine nucleotide (AN) catabolism and endothelial post "reperfusion injury." Preliminary results in 10 canine autorenal transplants show a significant (P less than 0.02) improvement in renal recovery and viability (recipient posttransplant inulin clearance and survival) after 50 h of cold storage compared with 10 canine kidneys similarly preserved using conventional C-2 flush solution. High performance liquid chromotography (HPLC) studies show a significant (P less than 0.01) loss of AN using C-2, while PB-2 was associated with regeneration of AN within 45 min of reperfusion. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy using phosphorus 31 (31P-MRS) showed more high energy phosphorus metabolites (phosphomonoester and nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide phosphate: P less than 0.001) at 50 h cold storage using PB-2 compared with C-2. Electron micrographs (EM) revealed normal microcapillary morphology for the PB-2 group; however, moderate vascular red and white blood cell clumping was observed in the C-2 group. Characterization of the basic preservation mechanisms by HPLC, 31P-MRS, and EM studies indicates that PB-2 solution enhances renal preservation by diminution of both reperfusion injury and the loss of intracellular high energy metabolites that are necessary for viability.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Karyotypic stability of serum-free mouse embryo (SFME) cells.

Mouse embryo cultures derived in serum-containing medium undergo growth crisis or senescence after fewer than 20 population doublings, followed by the emergence of genetically altered, polyploid 'immortalized' cells capable of growing indefinitely. Serum-free mouse embryo (SFME) cells, derived in medium in which serum is replaced with growth factors and other supplements, do not exhibit growth crisis or gross chromosomal aberrations when cultured for well over 100 population doublings and display other unique properties. We examined culture conditions and physiological factors affecting karyotypic stability in long term cultures of SFME cells derived from several mouse strains. Cloning SFME cells consistently isolated colonies with altered karyotype, even when the clones were derived from parent cultures with no karyotypic alterations. After 140-200 population doublings in vitro, the percentage of SFME cells showing hyperdiploidy or structural chromosomal abnormalities increased, although the modal chromosome number remained diploid. SFME cells transformed with molecularly cloned oncogenes did not show alterations in karyotype beyond that expected from the clonal origins of these cells, indicating that malignant transformation of SFME cells does not result in general karyotypic instability.

Animals↗