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Biomedical subjects

C M Bailey

Publications and source records attributed to C M Bailey.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Surgical treatment of laryngomalacia.

Laryngomalacia is the commonest cause of congenital stridor. The majority of cases are mild and do not require surgical intervention. However in approximately 10 per cent of these infants the condition is life-threatening. The standard treatment for these patients has been to perform a tracheostomy. Recent reports have shown encouraging results following endoscopic surgery to the supraglottic structures. We report a series of twelve patients in whom a tracheostomy was avoided by performing an aryepiglottic fold trim--'aryepiglottoplasty'. Dramatic improvements were seen in the respiratory obstruction and failure to thrive following surgery.

Failure to Thrive↗
PubMed1991

A guide to the selection of paediatric tracheostomy tubes.

A large range of tracheostomy tube types and sizes are available for use in children. Regional preference, rather than individual patient assessment, tends to determine selection. We present a table designed to assist with appropriate size selection, and discuss the relative merits and shortcomings of the tubes currently available.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Nulliparous versus primiparous crossbred females for beef.

Feedlot and carcass traits of nulliparous and primiparous females representing eight breed types, including Bos taurus and Bos indicus x Bos taurus crosses, were evaluated. Nulliparous females (heifers) were in the feedlot for 4 mo; primiparous females (heiferettes) were fed for 2 1/3 mo after their calves were weaned at 6 mo of age. Heifers averaged higher (P less than .01) in dressing percentage, percentage of kidney fat, carcass grade (P less than .10), and color of lean (P less than .05) compared with heiferettes. Heiferettes exceeded the nulliparous group in feedlot ADG (P less than .01), fat thickness (P less than .05), and percentage of steak, roast, and bone (P less than .01). Parity effects on carcass weight, longissimus area, marbling, pH, and shear force value were not statistically significant. Dam breed types differed in several traits, including marbling (P less than .05) and percentage of steak (P less than .10), roast (P less than .01), and bone (P less than .01). Dam breed x parity interactions were nonsignificant. Results show that beef derived from heiferettes is competitive with heifer beef.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1991

Life span of beef-type Bos taurus and Bos indicus x Bos taurus females in a dry, temperate climate.

Females representing Hereford, Red Poll, F1 Hereford x Red Poll, F1 Red Poll x Hereford, F1 Angus x Hereford, F1 Angus x Charolais, F1 Brahman x Hereford, and F1 Brahman x Angus breed types were evaluated from birth until 10 yr of age. Of 308 females born alive, 35.7% died or were culled because of injury, serious illness, or reproductive failure. Breed types differed (P less than .01) in total number of mating seasons per cow and total number of progeny born and weaned. Values for lifetime total number of calves weaned were as follows: Hereford, 4.54; Red Poll, 5.45; Hereford x Red Poll, 4.45; Red Poll x Hereford, 5.49; Angus x Hereford, 5.98; Angus x Charolais, 5.57; Brahman x Hereford, 6.96; and Brahman x Angus, 6.22. Brahman crosses (P less than .01) and Angus x Charolais (P less than .10) exceeded Hereford dams in lifetime total number of calves weaned but did not differ from Angus x Herefords. Analysis of the Hereford-Red Poll diallel showed no evidence of heterosis in life span traits. Results indicate that breed type was a major source of variation in reproductive life span of beef-type females. F1 Bos indicus crosses and Angus x Herefords were outstanding in longevity.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Metabolizable energy for maintenance of beef-type Bos taurus and Bos indicus x Bos taurus cows in a dry, temperate climate.

Metabolizable energy for maintenance (MEm) was estimated using 123 mature cows of eight diverse breed groups. Cows in each breed group were allotted at random 1) to limit-feeding to approximate maintenance or 2) to ad libitum access to feed. The MEm values were calculated by regression of change in body energy on ME intake. The MEm values for mature Hereford, Red Poll, Hereford x Red Poll, Red Poll x Hereford, Angus x Hereford, Angus x Charolais, Brahman x Hereford, and Brahman x Angus breed types were as follows: 145, 169, 148, 149, 144, 152, 139, and 143 kcal.kg-.75.d-1, respectively. Bos indicus-cross cows ranked lowest for MEm/kg.75. Angus x Hereford cows averaged highest in terms of grams of calf weaned per mature female exposed divided by yearly MEm requirement. Hereford x Red Poll reciprocal crosses on average required 640 kcal less total daily MEm per animal than Hereford and Red Poll straightbreds.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1991

External rhinoplasty approach for nasal dermoids in children.

Nasal dermoid is an uncommon condition but is still the most likely diagnosis when a child presents with a swelling on the nose visible at or shortly after birth. Total excision is the only treatment and this may require two procedures if there is an intracranial extension. The standard vertical midline scar is a common cause of dissatisfaction. We have used an external rhinoplasty approach for this problem and feel that it gives a better exposure with a superior cosmetic result.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Circumocular pigmentation and incidence of ocular squamous cell tumors in Bos taurus and Bos indicus X Bos taurus cattle.

Amount of circumocular pigmentation and incidence of ocular squamous cell tumors were evaluated in dams representing diverse cattle breed types. Each dam was examined twice annually during a specific stage in the life cycle (3.5 to 9.5 years old). Overall, 28.3% of dams in the herd developed at least 1 ocular squamous cell tumor. Breed groups differed (P less than 0.01) in amount of circumocular pigmentation and incidence of tumors. Results indicate that losses from ocular squamous cell tumors in beef herds can be sharply reduced by judicious choice of breed types.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Current management of choanal atresia.

Recent advances in the management of choanal atresia are outlined in the context of our experience at the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London. Fifty cases were treated over the 6-year period 1982-1988. There was a 72% incidence of other associated congenital anomalies and 30% of patients had the CHARGE association. The advantages and pitfalls of pre-operative computerised axial tomography are illustrated. The surgical results and complications following the trans-nasal approach are discussed. Eighty-four percent of patients had their atresias successfully corrected, 12% restenosed to some extent, and 4% obliterated. The most significant complications were palatal fistulae (8%) and columella ulceration from the Portex tube stents (8%).

Choanal Atresia↗
PubMed1990

Tracheal stenosis in infants and young children.

Eight cases of intra-thoracic tracheal stenosis presenting to the ENT department at the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, over the past 10 years are reported. The varied aetiology and presentation of these cases is discussed and the frequency of associated cardio-pulmonary anomalies emphasized. Difficulties in diagnosis and investigation are outlined, in addition to an overview of current management. While the overall outlook for many of these children remains poor there is reason to believe that a balance of conservative management and surgical reconstruction in selected cases will result in improved survival figures.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Functional assessment of the paediatric laryngeal airway.

After resolution of conditions necessitating tracheostomy in children, decannulation may be extremely difficult and associated with significant morbidity. Endoscopy and radiography can identify anatomical abnormalities preventing decannulation. Physiological abnormalities are, however, more difficult to assess. A system has been developed whereby functional upper airway resistance can be calculated in children with a tracheostomy. The instrument used was a modified Mercury Electronics rhinomanometer. A probe was placed through the tracheostome and another probe was situated in an occluding anaesthetic face mask. Upper airway resistance was derived from the differential pressure and flow changes recorded in anaesthetized children who were breathing spontaneously. Studies in 26 children have revealed low airway resistance in all those successfully decannulated. Further studies will hopefully allow identification in advance of children who will have decannulation difficulties.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Life-cycle evaluation of Bos taurus and Bos indicus X Bos taurus breed types in a dry, temperate climate: performance of mature dams.

Mature dams representing Hereford, Red Poll, F1 Hereford x Red Poll, F1 Red Poll x Hereford, F1 Angus x Hereford, F1 Angus x Charolais, F1 Brahman x Hereford and F1 Brahman x Angus breed types were evaluated. All cows were bred to Limousin sires to produce two-way or three-way-cross progeny. Mature Brahman x Hereford dams produced a higher (P less than .05) percentage of live calves than Herefords, but dam breed differences in percentage of calves weaned relative to the number of cows exposed for mating were not statistically significant. Progeny of Angus x Charolais and Red Poll dams were outstanding in weaning weight, but Hereford and Brahman-cross calves were below average. Planned comparisons showed that Angus x Charolais calves were heavier (P less than .01) at weaning than Hereford (23.0 +/- 3.8 kg) or Angus x Hereford (9.6 +/- 3.2 kg) progeny. Mature Angus x Hereford mothers weaned heavier calves than did Brahman x Herefords (7.4 +/- 3.2 kg, P less than .05) or Brahman x Angus (10.9 +/- 3.0 kg, P less than .01). Analysis of the Hereford-Red Poll diallel showed evidence of maternal heterosis in calf weaning weight (4.0 +/- 2.6 kg, P less than .05), but there was no difference in the percentage of calves weaned by crossbred vs straightbred dams.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Severe tracheobronchomalacia associated with laryngeal cleft.

We report 3 cases of severe tracheobronchomalacia associated with laryngeal cleft. Each of these children had a major cleft, type 3 in Evans' classification. Separately each of these conditions are difficult to treat, in combination these major airway anomalies caused management problems of great complexity. We describe the presentation of these cases, the diagnosis of the lesions and the management paths we followed. We discuss the pathology of the conditions and the diagnostic options which are available for defining the extent of responsibility of each component to the overall clinical picture. We discuss the therapeutic options available and describe our own management regime.

Bronchial Diseases↗
PubMed1988

Computed tomography in choanal atresia.

Computed tomography is replacing contrast radiography as the method of choice in evaluating congenital posterior choanal atresia. Careful preparation of the patient, however, is necessary prior to the examination in order to obtain the maximum of information pre-operatively. We present patients with inadequate preparation and illustrate their misleading scans. The proper method of examination is discussed, with a review of the literature; it is essential to remove nasal secretions by suction and instill vasoconstrictor nose drops, shortly before scanning.

Choanal Atresia↗
PubMed1988

Relapsing malignant otitis externa successfully treated with ciprofloxacin.

Two cases are presented, both patients with advanced relapsing malignant otitis externa. The antibiotic ciprofloxacin has strong anti-pseudomonal activity. It was given orally for six months to both patients, following administration of the traditional parenteral antibiotic courses, and in each case the disease has been extinguished. We therefore recommend that the management of patients shown to have malignant otitis externa should include strict diabetic control, regular local aural toilet, gentamicin ear drops and a six week course of parenteral antipseudomonal antibiotic agents (usually gentamicin and azlocillin) together with metronidazole to cover any anaerobic element in the infection. This regimen should be followed by a six month course of oral ciprofloxacin (750 mg b.d.). Indium scans should be used to monitor recovery. We believe that this regimen can significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality of patients suffering from malignant otitis externa with cranial nerve involvement.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Nasal lipoma.

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Humans↗