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Biomedical subjects

C M Bailey

Publications and source records attributed to C M Bailey.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Maternal characteristics of young dams representing Bos taurus and Bos indicus x Bos taurus breed types.

Reproductive traits and preweaning growth of progeny from young Hereford, Red Poll, Hereford X Red Poll, Red Poll X Hereford, Angus X Hereford, Angus X Charolais, Brahman X Hereford and Brahman X Angus dams were evaluated. First-calf heifers were mated with Red Angus bulls; Santa Gertrudis sires were used for each cow's second and third breeding season. Herefords, Red Polls and Hereford-Red Poll crosses were below average in percentage of calves weaned, whereas Angus-sired and Brahman-sired dams exceeded the overall mean. Angus X Charolais (P less than .10), Brahman X Hereford (P less than .01) and Brahman X Angus (P less than .10) dams weaned a higher percentage of calves than straightbred Herefords. None of these breed types differed from young Angus X Hereford females in reproductive performance. Angus X Charolais calves ranked highest in 180-d calf weight, exceeding progeny from both Hereford (P less than .01) and Angus X Hereford (P less than .10) dams. Brahman X Hereford dams weaned heavier (P less than .05) calves than Herefords, but their progeny did not differ at weaning from those reared by Angus X Herefords. Calves from Brahman X Angus dams weighed 12.7 kg less (P less than .01) than Angus X Hereford progeny. Analysis of the Hereford-Red Poll diallel showed evidence of (P less than .10) maternal heterosis in 180-d calf weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Cysts of the infant larynx.

We report the largest single-centre series in the literature of laryngeal cysts in infants. Most of these children presented with stridor within the first two weeks of life, and were found to have a supraglottic or vallecular cyst. Early endoscopic de-roofing of the cyst is the recommended form of treatment.

Cysts↗
PubMed1987

Composition and yield of milk from beef-type Bos taurus and Bos indicus X Bos taurus dams.

Yield, butterfat, protein, lactose and solids-not-fat of milk from mature dams (n = 128) representing eight Bos taurus and Bos indicus X Bos taurus breed types were evaluated approximately 60, 105 and 150 d postpartum. Breed type was a significant source of variation in milk yield at each stage of lactation. Average 24-h milk yields (kg) were: Hereford, 7.3; Red Poll, 9.1; Hereford X Red Poll, 9.1; Red Poll X Hereford, 9.1; Angus X Hereford, 8.6; Angus X Charolais, 9.3; Brahman X Hereford, 7.3 and Brahman X Angus, 8.3. Daily yields of Brahman X Angus dams increased as lactation progressed, while production levels of other breed types remained approximately the same or declined. Hereford-Red Poll crosses showed significant heterosis in 24-h milk production and component yields at 150 d. Breed type effects also were significant for lactose yield throughout lactation. Sex of calf influenced (P less than .05) milk yield at 60 and 105 d postpartum and yield of protein and solids-not-fat at 105 d. Mastitis caused a reduction (P less than .01) in percentage of lactose but had no effect on milk yield. Residual correlations between yield traits and preweaning average daily gain were all positive and significant, with values ranging from .22 to .45. Breed type was a major source of variation in milk traits of beef-type Bos taurus and Bos indicus X Bos taurus dams.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Growth traits and composition of two- and three-way-cross intact male progeny of Bos taurus and Bos indicus X Bos taurus dams.

Feedlot traits, carcass traits and distribution of commercial cuts of crossbred intact male progeny (n = 556) from young and mature Hereford, Red Poll, Hereford X Red Poll, Red Poll X Hereford, Angus X Hereford, Angus X Charolais, Brahman X Hereford and Brahman X Angus dams were evaluated. First-calf heifers were bred to Red Angus bulls; Santa Gertrudis sires were used for each cow's second and third breeding seasons. Calves from these young dams were slaughtered at 13 mo. Calves of mature dams were all sired by Limousin bulls and slaughtered at 12 mo. Dam breed was a major source of variation in most bull traits. Progeny of Brahman-cross dams were inferior (P less than .01) in daily gain, final weight, carcass weight and in edible cuts/day of age compared with progeny from Bos taurus dams. Intact male progeny of Angus X Charolais dams ranked highest in longissimus area, cutability, and edible cuts/day of age. The range of dam breed means in percentage of steak, roast, bone-in cuts (chuck short ribs and back ribs), short plate and thin cuts, and lean trim was just over 1%. Greater variation among dam breeds existed in fat measurements. Analyses in which Hereford-Red Poll diallel data for young dams and mature dams were combined showed positive maternal heterosis for dressing percentage (P less than .05), carcass weight (P less than .05), carcass weight/day of age (P less than .05), estimated carcass fat (P less than .05), fat thickness (P less than .01) and marbling score (P less than .01). Reciprocal effects were inconsequential. Results illustrate the importance of dam breed-type effects in formulating breeding strategies for commercial beef herds.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis.

From the records of 23 patients with juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis, various aspects of the aetiology, natural history and treatment of the condition have been presented. The lesions are thought to be viral in origin, they are notoriously unpredictable in their behaviour, and treatment can often be prolonged and frustrating. Tracheostomy should be avoided, if possible, owing to the risk of further dissemination down the trachea and bronchi. The CO2 laser now seems to be the surgical treatment of choice, and early reports of adjuvant interferon therapy are encouraging. However, the laser is only available in certain centres, and interferon supplies are limited at present.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Subglottic haemangioma in children.

Our experience with the treatment of 23 cases of subglottic haemangioma in children at the Hospital for Sick Children is presented. Different modalities of treatment are mentioned, with particular emphasis on excision with laryngo-tracheoplasty and the use of CO2 surgical laser. In a self-limiting lesion, our present policy is to use the CO2 laser to accelerate the rate of regression while minimizing morbidity and mortality.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Management of subglottic stenosis: experience from two centres.

The incidence of subglottic stenosis in children has risen rapidly in the last 20 years as more advanced techniques enable younger preterm neonates to survive. There has been a similar rise in the number of different surgical methods devised to alleviate the stenosis; success has been claimed for each technique. The importance of normal laryngeal growth throughout an often protracted period of surgical intervention may, however, have been underestimated. This study analyses the data from two units in London over the last five years and assesses retrospectively the benefit of different surgical approaches.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Effects of breed type and restricted versus ad libitum feeding on fatty acid composition and cholesterol content of muscle and adipose tissue from mature bovine females.

Fatty acid composition and cholesterol content of muscle and adipose tissue from mature cows (N = 101) representing 15 breeds and crosses were determined. An initial group of cows was slaughtered after being fed slightly above the maintenance level for 2 wk; the remaining cows were fed either at the maintenance level or ad libitum for 84 d, then slaughtered. Samples of triceps brachii and longissimus muscle and subcutaneous and perinephric adipose tissue were obtained from each carcass. In addition, phospholipid and triacylglycerol fatty acids from total lipid extracts of triceps brachii muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue were analyzed for 24 cows that were fed ad libitum or at the maintenance level for 84 d. Breed type effects on fatty acid composition were more pronounced in adipose tissue than in muscle tissue. Total lipid extracts of both triceps brachii and longissimus muscle from animals fed a maintenance diet for 84 d contained higher (P less than .01) percentages (3 to 8%) of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and lower percentages (2 to 3%) of saturated fatty acids (SFA) than those from animals fed ad libitum for 84 d. This reflected significant variation in the fatty acids C14:0, C16:0, C18:2, C18:3 and C20:4 for both longissimus and triceps brachii muscle. Fatty acid composition within phospholipid and triacylglycerol fractions was similar regardless of maintenance or ad libitum feeding. Much of the variation in total lipid fatty acid composition appeared to be the result of differences in triacylglycerol:phospholipid ratios. Adipose tissue contained about twice as much cholesterol (mg/100 g wet weight) as muscle tissue. Both breed type and feeding group effects on cholesterol content of muscle tissue were nonsignificant. Values for cholesterol content of adipose tissue from cows fed restricted diets were higher than those from cows fed ad libitum (approximately 55 mg/100 g higher for subcutaneous and 25 mg/100 g for perinephric). The results show that changes in fatty acid composition of bovine tissues can be made genetically and by varying the energy level in the diet. Alteration of the cholesterol content of muscle tissue by these methods does not appear to be feasible.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1985

Microwave radiation absorption in the rat: frequency-dependent SAR distribution in body and tail.

Experiments were conducted using twin-well calorimetry to determine the averaged whole-body specific absorption rate (SAR) for rat carcasses exposed to 360, 700, 915, and 2,450 MHz CW radiation in an anechoic chamber. All exposures were done with the long axis of the rat in an E-polarization. Additional experiments were conducted using a fiber optical temperature probe to determine local SAR in the brain, esophagus, colon, rectum, and tail during microwave exposure. The whole-body averaged SAR for the radiation frequencies examined follows a nonmonotonic function with 700 MHz as the resonant frequency. This result agrees with previous analytical estimates. Local SARs within the body and tail are nonuniform with significant frequency-specific hotspots in the colon, rectum, and tail.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Primary cervical neuroblastoma in infants.

We describe three cases of cervical neuroblastoma, each occurring in an infant less than one year old, and discuss the investigation and treatment of these patients. The prognosis of patients with advanced neuroblastoma is poor. By contrast, patients with stage I and II tumours often do well and it therefore seems appropriate for otolaryngologists to be familiar with the clinical features and management of localized cervical neuroblastoma. A history of upper aerodigestive compromise is typical, and in the evaluation of this complaint, the possibility of a cervical neuroblastoma must be borne in mind. A retropharyngeal firm, smooth mass is consistent with this diagnosis and supportive evidence can be obtained from ancillary studies. A biopsy is required for tissue diagnosis and, if possible, the entire tumour and sample local nodes should be excised. This will also relieve airway and pharyngeal obstruction. Complete tumour removal at the expense of major nerves and vessels is not necessary in view of the tendency to tumour regression. We conclude that prolonged disease-free survival can be achieved in infants by the use of limited surgery, with chemotherapy in some instances, and without the use of radiation therapy. Management decisions should be made jointly by paediatric otolaryngology and paediatric oncology teams.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of the drooling child by submandibular duct transposition.

Drooling is frequently a major problem in the neurologically damaged child, and carries a considerable social stigma. Current methods of treatment are reviewed, and the authors' experience using the technique of bilateral submandibular duct transposition in a series of 25 consecutive cases is evaluated. The operation is technically straightforward, with a high success rate and low morbidity, and is considered to be the procedure of choice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of respiratory papillomatosis with adenine arabinoside.

Nine children with respiratory papillomatosis have been treated with adenine arabinoside with limited success. No long term benefit was obtained in six, and although resolution was achieved in one and probably two others, this could not be attributed confidently to treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Linear body measurements and muscle distribution in F1 Holstein x Friesian intact males.

Influence of sire, dietary regimen and slaughter weight on wither height, body depth, heart girth, hip width and percentage of total muscle in each of nine commercial cuts of F1 Holstein X Friesian bulls (N = 260) was studied. Sires were full-blooded or percentage Holstein; dams were commercial and purebred Danish Friesians. The young bulls received 100, 75, 50 or 25% concentrates, with the remainder of the diet provided in the form of silage. Animals were serial-slaughtered at 340, 470 or 600 kg. Sire was a significant source of variation in many of the body measurements and muscle distributional variables that were evaluated. It was noted, however, that sire differences in percentage of total dissected muscle in Group III cuts (rib + loin + round + hindshank) of intact male progeny were of the order of 1% or less. Sire X diet and sire X slaughter weight interactions were statistically significant in some analyses. Muscular development in the neck region was more pronounced when bulls were fed a low-concentrate diet, rather than high levels of concentrates. Percentages of total muscle in the forequarter were highest (P less than .01) for the 470- and 600-kg bulls. Thus feeding bulls to heavier weights had an adverse effect (P less than .01) on percentage of total muscle in Group III cuts. Dietary influence on linear body measurements and muscle distribution in young, Holstein-cross bulls was negligible.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Fatty acid composition of muscle and adipose tissue from crossbred bulls and steers.

Fatty acid composition of total lipid extracts of muscle and adipose samples from crossbred bulls (N = 34) and steers (N = 35) was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Samples of semitendinosus, triceps brachii and longissimus muscle and of subcutaneous and perinephric adipose tissue were excised from the right side of each carcass. In addition, thin-layer chromatography was utilized to obtain phospholipid and triacylglycerol fractions from total lipid extracts of semitendinosus and longissimus muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue from 10 bull and steer cohorts (N = 20). The most prominent sex condition effect was in percentage of total poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Bull tissues contained higher (P less than .01) percentages of PUFA than those of steers at all sampling sites. This reflected higher percentages of linoleate (C18:2), linolenate (C18:3) and arachidonate (C20:4) in bull tissues. Most of the PUFA were present as phospholipids in muscle samples. The fatty acid composition of muscle phospholipids was similar regardless of sex condition or muscle sampled. Total lipid extracts of semitendinosus and triceps brachii muscles of both bulls and steers contained from 6 to 10% more unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) compared with M. longissimus. Muscle triacylglycerols contained relatively high percentages of saturated fatty acids (SFA). Semitendinosus and longissimus samples from steers contained higher (P less than .05 and P less than .01, respectively) percentages of total SFA than those from bulls. Steer samples contained slightly higher percentages of palmitic acid (C16:0) compared with bulls at all sampling sites, and this difference was significant for M. longissimus. The fat:lean ratio of muscle tissue is the major factor that determines fatty acid composition.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Congenital vascular anomalies causing tracheoesophageal compression.

Congenital vascular anomalies of the great vessels causing marked tracheoesophageal compression are rare. Notable symptoms usually manifest in the neonatal period and include stridor, repeated cyanotic attacks, recurrent pneumonia, and dysphagia. Although the diagnosis can often be made from barium swallow studies, the preoperative examination should nevertheless include an endoscopy. This is essential if the degree of tracheomalacia is to be adequately assessed and other tracheobronchial abnormalities are to be identified. Possible airway problems can then be anticipated, thus minimizing postoperative respiratory difficulties.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1984

Epidermolysis bullosa letalis in the larynx causing acute respiratory failure: a case presentation and review of the literature.

The case history is presented of a 29-month-old boy with the characteristic skin lesions of epidermolysis bullosa letalis, requiring steroid therapy. After an episode of gastrointestinal haemorrhage, probably caused by the steroids, the child experienced progressive stridor and respiratory failure and died 10 days later. The postmortem findings in the larynx were of marked mucosal inflammation and cystic swelling of the serumucinous glands producing severe narrowing of the supraglottic airway. The laryngeal cysts were thus entirely different in nature to the cutaneous bullae.

Child, Preschool↗