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Biomedical subjects

C M Payne

Publications and source records attributed to C M Payne.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Quantitative electron microscopy in the diagnosis of mycosis fungoides. A simple analysis of lymphocytic nuclear convolutions.

In the present study we compared the accuracy of three different ultrastructural methods used to confirm clinically proved cases of mycosis fungoides (MF) from skin biopsy specimens. Method 1 is a qualitative method and confirmed the diagnosis of MF in only 44% of the patients with MF. Method 2 involved image analysis of lymphocytic nuclei and confirmed the diagnosis of MF in only 67% of the patients with MF. The most sensitive ultrastructural method for confirming the diagnosis of MF was a simple scoring of the number of sharply angled nuclear invaginations in 100 lymphocytes (method 3). Control biopsy specimens had many more lymphocytes (19% to 55%) with no sharply angled nuclear invaginations compared with those from patients with MF (3% to 15%). The clinical diagnosis of MF was confirmed in 100% of our patients with MF using method 3.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1983

New ultrastructural observations: parallel tubular arrays in human T gamma lymphoid cells.

T gamma cells are E-rosetting cells bearing Fc receptors for IgG (E+, Fc gamma + cells). Third population (non-T, non-B) lymphoid cells are also Fc gamma + cells and contain unique inclusions called parallel tubular arrays (PTA). Although T gamma cells and third population lymphoid cells should belong to a similar population of cells, previous ultrastructural studies on purified T gamma cells have failed to reveal the presence of PTA. In this study, we have unequivocally demonstrated PTA in the majority of T gamma cells using simple rosetting techniques. A total of 76 EA hu-rosettes and 108 EA ox-rosettes prepared from an E+ enriched fraction (using sheep erythrocytes as marker particles) were directly examined by electron microscopy. PTA were found in 87% of the EA hu-rosettes and 82% of the EA ox-rosettes. Ammonium chloride, commonly used in other laboratories to lyse erythrocytes during the purification procedure was found to cause a marked decrease in the number of ultrastructurally distinct PTA profiles. In contrast, hypotonic lysis had no effect on cellular ultrastructure. This study showed for the first time that T gamma cells are ultrastructurally similar to other Fc gamma + lymphoid cells and contain PTA as a distinct marker. The significance of our findings to the basic function of this E+ Fc gamma + lymphoid population is discussed.

Ammonium Chloride↗
PubMed1983

The use of antikeratin antibodies in the diagnosis of human neoplasms.

The presence of intracellular keratin was examined in 230 human neoplasms using indirect immunofluorescence on fresh frozen, acetone-fixed sections. The use of antikeratin antibodies raised in rabbits against human callus and purified by affinity chromatography proved to be a rapid, sensitive, and reliable method of demonstrating keratin. Epithelial tissues and epithelial-derived neoplasms were found to contain keratin, whereas tissues and neoplasms of mesenchymal, lymphoreticular, or neural crest origin did not contain intracellular keratin. This technic is a useful adjunct for the surgical pathologist in the diagnosis of poorly differentiated neoplasms. Its application either confirmed, modified, or in several instances, changed the original light microscopic impression. The modified or changed diagnoses were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Demonstration of bacteroides capsules by light microscopy and ultrastructural cytochemistry.

Forty-six anaerobic gram-negative bacilli, including 26 members of the Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG), were examined for capsules by the India ink technic. Thirty-five were encapsulated, including all the BFG strains. As a follow-up, seven of these isolates and two previously studied reference strains (B. fragilis ATCC 23745 and Bacteroides vulgatus ATCC 8482) were examined for capsules by ultrastructural cytochemistry. Using the periodic acid thiocarbohydrazide silver proteinate (PATCSP) method of Thiéry, all the BFG examined were encapsulated. In addition to the reference strains, this included one strain of B. fragilis and four of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. One non-BFG strain showed no capsular material. Differences between these results and those reported previously with the ruthenium red technic may reflect species differences in the chemical composition of Bacteroides capsules.

Bacteroides fragilis↗
PubMed1983

Phagocytic, lambda light chain, plasma cell myeloma.

A case of phagocytic, lambda light chain, plasma cell myeloma was characterized by its clinical, morphologic, cytochemical, immunologic, and cell kinetic features. A 40-year-old man presented with Coombs-negative hemolytic anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, lytic bone lesions, lambda light chain monoclonal gammopathy, and infiltration of the bone marrow by dysplastic plasma cells, 10% of which demonstrated phagocytosis of erythroid cells. Electron microscopy demonstrated myeloma cells with prominent cytoplasmic microfilaments and erythroid cells in intracytoplasmic vacuoles. The myeloma cells did not phagocytose staphylococci in vitro. Phagocytic and nonphagocytic myeloma cells were tartrate-sensitive, acid-phosphatase positive, alpha-napthyl butyrate esterase negative, and did not form E rosettes or EAox(IgG) rosettes. The tumor cells were Tdt, Ia antigen, and SIg negative. Immunofluorescent staining for cytoplasmic light chains showed a monoclonal lambda pattern in nonphagocytic myeloma cells, and a probable monoclonal lambda pattern in phagocytic myeloma cells. These findings characterize the neoplasm as a monoclonal proliferation of differentiated plasma cells with the capability of erythrophagocytosis. Erythrophagocytosis by myeloma cells may have been responsible for the hemolytic anemia. The tritiated thymidine labeling index (LI%) was high (8%), suggesting a poor prognosis, despite a dramatic initial response to chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A cytochemical and ultrastructural study of acute myelomonocytic leukemia exhibiting the pseudo-Chediak-Higashi anomaly of leukemia and "splinter-type" Auer rods.

An unusual case of acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML) in an 81-year-old man is described. Ultrastructural examination revealed the presence of distinct Auer bodies, which commonly are found in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The Auer bodies had a splinterlike appearance with a distinct tubular substructure. The morphologic appearance of the leukemic cells coupled with the results of cytochemical staining reactions (alpha-naphthyl AS-D chloroacetate esterase, alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, Sudan black B, and periodic acid-Schiff reaction) identified this leukemia as myelomonocytic in origin. APL-like Auer rods in AMML now can be included in the spectrum of morphologic forms commonly seen in myelogenous leukemia and lends support to the hypothesis of an aberrant stem cell. In addition to the APL-like Auer rods, the leukemic blasts contained giant pink-staining granules on Wright's stain, some of which had a tubular substructure similar to the Auer rods under the electron microscope. The presence of these megagranules is a morphologic aberration termed "the pseudo-Chediak-Higashi anomaly of acute leukemia," and now has been described for the first time in AMML at the ultrastructural level.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

An ultrastructural study of intranuclear rodlets in a malignant extracranial neuroepithelial neoplasm.

This report describes for the first time the presence of intranuclear rodlets in a malignant extracranial neuroepithelial neoplasm. This malignant neoplasm appeared poorly differentiated by light microscopy and presented initially as a diagnostic problem. Electron microscopy revealed neoplastic cells joined by macula adherens-type junctions and containing numerous interdigitating cell processes diagnostic of a neuroepithelial neoplasm. A quantitative analysis of 500 cells revealed the presence of intranuclear rodlets in 5% of the neoplastic cells. The rodlets were composed of individual filaments that measured 7-9 nm in width. An extensive review of the literature revealed the high frequency of reported rodlets in normal neurons, normal paraneurons, neoplasms of the nervous system, and paraneuromas. The significance of this interesting structure to the physiology of the cell is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

An ultrastructural evaluation of the cell organelle specificity of the uranaffin reaction in two human endocrine neoplasms.

The organelle specificity of the uranaffin reaction was determined by subjecting two human neoplasms (a pheochromocytoma and islet cell carcinoma) to four different experimental conditions. In Uranaffin Procedure (UP) I, fixed tissue was immersed in 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) before reacting with 4% uranyl acetate (pH 3.9) for 24 hours. In UP II, the tissue was prepared as in UP I with the exception that the tissue was immersed in uranyl acetate for 48 hours. In UP III, fixed tissue was prepared as in UP I with the exception that tissue was immersed in 0.1M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2) instead of 0.9% NaCl. In UP IV, fixed tissue was prepared as in UP III with the exception that the tissue was immersed in uranyl acetate for 48 hours instead of 24 hours. When UPs I and II were utilized, only three cell organelles showed electron-dense reactivity: the nucleus, ribosomes, and cytoplasmic neurosecretory-like granules. In the nucleus, the nuclear chromatin, nucleolus, interchromatinic granules and perichromatinic granules were intensely stained. The reaction product in all of the uranaffin-positive organelles had a finely granular appearance. When fixed tissue was immersed in cacodylate buffer instead of isotonic saline, a non-specific reactivity was observed. The reaction product in some areas had a distinct crystalline appearance and filled some areas of the cytosol, the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, the perinuclear cisternae, the nucleus, nucleolus, mitochondria, neurosecretory-like granules and larger lysosome-like bodies. There was a statistically significant (p less than 0.05) increase in the number of uranaffin-positive granules/mu2 when both endocrine neoplasms were reacted with uranyl acetate for 48 hours instead of 24 hours. The increase in uranaffin-positive granules using UP II did not result in an increase in non-specificity of the staining reaction.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1983

Reye's syndrome in the adult: case report and review of the literature.

A 22-year-old male presented with a brief history of progressive encephalopathy. One week previously, he had developed an upper respiratory infection that resolved spontaneously and was followed by intractable vomiting. He had taken salicylates for several days during the viral syndrome. The diagnosis of Reye's syndrome was confirmed by hepatic histology. Aggressive conservative management was followed by complete metabolic and neurological recovery. There are fewer than 10 reported cases of Reye's syndrome in adults but this disease may be more common than is generally suspected. The diagnosis should be considered in patients presenting with emesis and obtundation, who have recently had a viral illness and exhibit elevated blood ammonia and transaminases with normal cerebrospinal fluid. Confirmation is achieved by liver biopsy. Therapy is directed toward aggressive reduction of increased intracranial pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Pleomorphic, enveloped, virus-like particles associated with gastrointestinal illness in neonates.

Pleomorphic, enveloped, virus-like particles were detected by electron microscopy in the stools of symptomatic infants during an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness in a neonatal intensive-care unit. To determine the incidence of virus-like particles in the stool and their relation to gastrointestinal symptoms, eight surveys of stools for the particles were conducted over 40 weeks. The incidence of virus-like particles in the stool decreased from 69% to less than 10% over the study period. Most infants surveyed were premature; overall, 32 (36%) of 88 neonates were positive for virus-like particles. Statistically significant associations were found between virus-like particles in the stool and gastrointestinal symptoms within one week of each survey. These symptoms included water-loss stools, blood in the stool, gastric retention, bilious gastric aspirates, and abdominal distention. Several infants with virus-like particles whose mothers had gastrointestinal or "flu-like" symptoms before delivery were identified in the community (not part of the survey study).

Coronaviridae↗
PubMed1982

Leukocyte effects on the dimorphism of Coccidioides immitis.

To assess the influences of leukocytes on the dimorphism of Coccidioides immitis, mycelial elements (arthroconidia) or spherules were incubated with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) or mononuclear leukocytes. In the presence of human leukocytes, arthroconidia became separated spherules as determined by electron microscopy but grew as mycelia when viable leukocytes were absent. Plasma was not required for this effect. In a new assay, PMNLs, lymphocytes, or monocytes from human blood as well as rabbit alveolar macrophages inhibited spherules from forming germ tubes. In flat-bottomed glassware, maximal inhibition occurred with PMNL:spherule ratios above 15:1, whereas in conical-bottomed glassware a ratio of 3:1 was maximally suppressive with PMNLs as well as mononuclear leukocytes. Cytochalasin B and colchicine blocked the effect of PMNLs but not that of other blood leukocytes on spherules. These studies indicate that leukocytes influence coccidioidal dimorphism toward the spherule phase. This effect may be important in host defenses against C. immitis.

Coccidioides↗
PubMed1982

A quantitative ultrastructural study of peripheral blood lymphocytes containing parallel tubular arrays in Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus mononucleosis.

In the normal peripheral circulation there exists a subpopulation of lymphocytes that is ultrastructurally distinct. This lymphocyte is identified with the electron microscope by the presence of cytoplasmic microtubulelike inclusions called parallel tubular arrays (PTAs) and contains Fc-receptors for cytophilic antibody. In this study, lymphocytes containing PTAs (PTA-lymphocytes) were quantitated from serial peripheral blood specimens obtained from two patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) mononucleosis and two patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) mononucleosis. These data were then correlated with the clinical state of the patient. It was determined that both the percentage and absolute number of PTA-lymphocytes were highest during the acute phase of the illness. In follow-up specimens, three of the four patients' absolute lymphocyte count fell to within normal limits before the absolute PTA-lymphocyte count. In one patient, the absolute PTA-lymphocyte count was significantly elevated 13 months after the initial clinic visit. Although the PTA-lymphocyte count was highest during the acute phase of the illness, there was no consistent correlation with the clinical state of the patient during follow-up. The estimation of absolute PTA-lymphocyte counts was determined to be valid after a morphometric analysis of the cellular areas occupied by PTAs during the acute and convalescent phases of the disease revealed no statistical differences. Electron microscopy was also performed on the peripheral blood of a patient with syphilis. Although a hematologic workup of this patient during the acute phase of his illness revealed a large number of atypical lymphocytes, electron-microscopic examination of the same specimen revealed both a normal number and a normal percentage of PTA-lymphocytes. The immunologic role of this ultrastructurally distinct third population (non-T, non-B) of lymphocytes, or "killer cells," in the course of infectious mononucleosis is discussed.

Acute Disease↗