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Biomedical subjects

C M Payne

Publications and source records attributed to C M Payne.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

A quantitative analysis of leptomeric fibrils in an adriamycin/carnitine chronic mouse model.

A quantitative ultrastructural analysis of leptomeres in cardiac muscle was performed using an adriamycin/carnitine chronic mouse model. Five animals from each of the following four groups were sacrificed for evaluation by electron microscopy: the control group received saline injections only; the carnitine group received carnitine orally; the adriamycin group received a chronic dose of adriamycin (10 mg/kg over 4 weeks); the adriamycin/carnitine group received both the adriamycin and carnitine dosage regimens. The leptomeres were quantitated using a double-blind method. The total number of leptomeres were scored for 20 random low-power electron micrographs from each of 5 animals within each group. The adriamycin group contained 3 of the 4 lowest leptomere scores. The relationships between myofibrillar disruption (MD) and the number of leptomeres found in an intramyofibrillar location(IML) were then determined for each of the four groups using linear regression analysis. In the control group, increased MD was associated with a decrease in the number of IML. In the carnitine group, increased MD was associated with an increase in IML. In the adriamycin group, no significant change in the number of IML occurred with increasing levels of MD. The adriamycin/carnitine group was similar to the control group. It was concluded from this study that 1) a relationship exists between MD and the number of IML in normal murine cardiac muscle; 2) carnitine produces an inverse effect on this normal relationship; 3) adriamycin disturbs the normal relationship between IML and MD; and 4) the administration of carnitine to adriamycin-treated animals restored the normal relationship. The physiological significance of the leptomere to the cardiac cell is then discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The 30- to 54-nm rotavirus-like particles in gastroenteritis: incidence and antigenic relationship to rotavirus.

The 30- to 54-nm rotavirus-like particles were observed in the stool specimens of 17 children with gastroenteritis. These small rotavirus-like particles were shown to be antigenically related to the commonly described 68-nm rotavirus using the techniques of immune electron microscopy and ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Four specimens containing the small rotavirus-like particles were shown to contain an antigen of a common human rotavirus serotype (type 2). The findings of small rotavirus-like particles of different diameters sharing a common antigen with rotavirus type 2 cautions against the naming of new candidate viruses based on morphology alone. In addition, the shedding of pure populations of single-shelled rotaviruses, herein described, could be an unusual phenomenon which may occur only sporadically. The relationship of the smaller rotavirus-like particles to rotavirus morphogenesis is discussed.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1981

Histochemical and ultrastructural features of an unusual pulmonary carcinosarcoma.

An autopsy case is presented in which a pulmonary carcinosarcoma filled the left chest of a 61 year old man. The extensive pleural involvement that this neoplasm exhibited has not been reported previously. By light microscopy the neoplasm initially was considered a mesothelioma because of the pattern of glands and undifferentiated sarcomatous stroma. However, by electron microscopy the sarcomatous component was found to show rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. Neither histochemical stains nor electron microscopy supported a mesothelial origin for the glandular component. Differential diagnostic considerations of pleuropulmonary neoplasms showing rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation are discussed. This case illustrates the importance of detailed study in order to characterize and properly classify these neoplasms.

Carcinosarcoma↗
PubMed1981

A quantitative light- and electron-microscopic study of type IV nuclear bodies in crescentic glomerulonephritis.

Type IV nuclear bodies were found in all renal biopsies obtained from 14 patients with crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN) and in 8 of 43 control patients studied by light and electron microscopy. The mean ratio of Type IV nuclear bodies per 10 tubular cross-sections examined was 0.67 +/- 0.27 for the CGN cases, which was significantly different from 0.09 +/- 0.26 obtained for the controls (P less than 0.05). Type IV nuclear bodies were most commonly seen in the epithelial cells of proximal tubules but were also seen occasionally in interstitial fibroblasts and cells of a collecting duct and a developing crescent.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1981

Clinical and electron microscopic observations of the conjunctiva of adult patients with Bitot's spots.

Three adult patients with Bitot's spots of the conjunctiva were observed in the American Southwest; all were in good health without obvious cause for vitamin A deficiency. Serum vitamin A levels were low normal in two; the third patient was on replacement vitamin A therapy with resultant high serum levels. Serum beta-carotene levels were low in two and normal in one. Schirmer test without anesthesia was low normal in two and with topical anesthesia was abnormal in all. After 8 weeks of oral vitamin A therapy, the Schirmer test and Bitot's spots showed little response. Electron microscopy of Bitot's spots showed changes characteristic of keratinizing squamous epithelium: absence of goblet cells, increased tonofibrils, flattening of intermediate cells, loss of superficial cell nuclei, and a keratin layer. Light microscopy of the inferior cul-de-sac conjunctiva showed increased surface goblet cells in two and absence of such cells in the third; by electron microscopy the substructure of the majority of the goblet cell mucin granules had a reticulated appearance in which an electron-dense fibrillar network was present within the granule matrix. The non-mucin-containing epithelial cells of the inferior cul-de-sac for the most part appeared normal.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Platelet satellitism: an ultrastructural study.

The ultrastructural morphology of platelet-polymorph (platelet-polymorphonuclear leukocyte) rosettes was investigated in EDTA-anticoagulated blood obtained from two patients who exhibited the phenomenon of platelet satellitism. Most of the platelet profiles were attached to the polymorph surface by broad areas of contact. Examination of these broad areas of contact at high magnification revealed an intercellular material of low electron density. This material appeared to form strands, which bridged the intercellular space and spanned the entire area formed by the apposing plasma membranes. Phagocytosis of entire platelets was only observed in 1 case. The platelet profiles that participated in rosette formation revealed a large number of glycogen particles, compared with unattached platelets. Ultrastructural examination of "stress" platelets obtained from five normal subjects treated with steroids similarly showed a large number of glycogen particles, although no rosette formation or phagocytosis of platelets was observed. The etiology of platelet satellitism is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Newly recognized syndrome in the neck: Horner's syndrome with ipsilateral vocal cord and phrenic nerve palsies.

Three patients are reported who exhibited a previously undescribed syndrome resulting from disruption of the sympathetic chain, the phrenic nerve and the innervation of the ipsilateral vocal cord. Each patient had pain in the ipsilateral shoulder and metastatic carcinoma of the breast. It is likely that this syndrome exists in association with other diseases such as carcinoma of the lung. The presence of this syndrome in patients with malignant disease has sinister significance and appears to carry a very grave prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The establishment and morphologic characterization of finite cell lines from normal human endometrium.

Twenty-nine samples of normal human endometrium have been initiated in tissue culture. Twenty cultures (69%) demonstrated sufficient growth in vitro to allow establishment of finite cell lines. Morphologic characterization by means of conventional light microscopy as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy was performed. Differences between stromal and epithelial cell lines indicated several similarities with in vivo observations. Ultrastructural studies of stromal cell lines revealed cells virtually devoid of microvilli and exhibiting poorly specialized cell junctions. Epithelial cell lines were characterized by numerous microvilli and highly specialized "junctional complexes" typical of glandular epithelium. Cytogenetic analysis utilizing a variety of banding techniques revealed no karyotypic alterations through several subpassages. Our observations suggest that simple explant tissue culture of human endometrium can be manipulated in order to achieve separation of stromal from epithelial elements, allowing critical examination of each.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1980

Punctate hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles. An ultrastructural study.

Punctate hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles is an uncommon autosomal dominant condition. We report a 65-year-old man with this condition and review the literature. With electron microscopy, we have examined both clinically affected and adjacent clinically unaffected palmar skin. The only ultrastructural differences noted were a thicker keratin layer and hypertrophic nucleoli in the basal cell layer and stratum spinosum in the clinically affected skin. This nucleolar hypertrophy suggests that there may be increased metabolic activity in the clinically affected skin which is contributing to the abnormal keratinization.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Complement receptors on normal human lymphocytes containing parallel tubular arrays.

Membrane complement receptors have been identified on a subpopulation of normal lymphocytes containing cytoplasmic inclusions called parallel tubular arrays (PTA) using two different rosetting techniques. The first technique utilizes as indicator cells erythrocytes that were coated with complement by the classic pathway of complement activation (EAC rosettes). The second technique utilizes as indicator cells Salmonella typhi, which were coated with complement by the alternate pathway of complement activation (FBC rosettes). In the latter technique, lipopolysaccharide material in the bacterial cell wall directly activates complement without the use of a sensitizing antibody. This eliminates binding of marker particles by lymphocytes having Fc receptors. The presence of PTA lymphocytes at the center of EAC rosettes and FBC rosettes was demonstrated by electron microscopy, indicating that the PTA lymphocyte has a complement receptor. Examination of FBC rosettes revealed that the adherent complement-coated bacteria were usually partially surrounded by pseudopodal extensions of the PTA lymphocyte. In addition, some PTA lymphocytes phagocytized the complement-coated bacteria but not the complement-inactivated bacteria. These phagocytic cells were placed in the lymphocytic series instead of the monocytic series by virtue of complete lack of endogenous peroxidase activity.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1980

Testicular fibrosis and cardiomegaly in Shwachman's syndrome.

Shwachman's syndrome is an uncommon disorder; its principal manifestations are pancreatic and hematopoietic insufficiency. We report here a case of Shwachman's syndrome with autopsy findings of cardiomegaly (anticipated from clinical observations) and unexpected testicular fibrosis, both examined by electron microscopy.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1979

Inhibition of in vitro synthesis of the second (C2) and fourth (C4) components of complement in guinea pig peritoneal macrophages by a soybean oil emulsion.

Recently a soybean oil emulsion (Intralipid) (IL) has been released in the United States for use as a parenteral nutrient. The study reported here was undertaken to determine the effect of ingestion of IL on the synthesis and secretion of the second (C2) and fourth (C4) components of complement by guinea pig peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Cells exposed to IL had extensive Oil Red 0-positive granular-appearing accumulations of neutral lipid within the cytoplasm. Control cells did not stain with Oil Red 0. Incubation of the cells with concentrations of IL from 2.3--37.5 mg/100 ml resulted in a significant decrease in the production of both C2 and C4, which could not be explained by variability between plates. The decrease in total C2 or C4 production by cells incubated with IL for 4 hr was similar to the decrease in production by cells incubated with IL for 48 hr. Several lines of evidence indicated that the decrease of C2 or C4 was the result of decreased synthesis of these proteins and not interference of IL with the detection of the proteins or their secretion from the cells. Exposure of the cells to IL at all concentrations caused reduction of the number of cells having pseudopodia and a rounding-up of the cells. IL did not affect the rate of detachment of the cells from the plates through the 48-hr incubation period or the ability of the cells to exclude trypan blue. Total protein synthesis and total lysozyme production by control and IL-treated cells was similar.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Alteration of the structure and function of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages by a soybean oil emulsion.

Studies in humans who have received Intralipid (IL) have demonstrated the presence of a fat pigment and fat droplets in reticuloendothelial phagocytic cells. Clinical data and in vitro studies suggest that these cells do not function normally. We have studied the effect of IL on the morphology and function of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Starch-induced macrophages were exposed to IL for up to 48 hours. Ingestion of increasing amounts of IL over the 48-hour period was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and by oil red O stain. The uptake of the IL was associated with marked morphologic changes characterized by a decreased ability of the cells to spread and by a decrease in the number and degree of complexity of the membrane ruffles. The ingestion of IL also resulted in decreased capacity of the cells to associate with latex beads (5.7 mu in diameter) or Candida albicans and decreased capacity to adhere to and ingest sheep erythrocytes coated with IgG. After ingestion of latex beads 0.46 mu in diameter, which are similar in size to IL particles, macrophages had normal morphology and function, indicating that neither the morphologic nor functional abnormalities were due to a nonspecific effect of ingestion of small particles. Alterations of human reticuloendothelial macrophage function similar to the effects observed here could compromise host defense against infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Fingerprint body myopathy: a report of twins.

Ultramicroscopic changes of subsarcolemmal fingerprints in the muscle of children with infantile hypotonia and weakness may represent a specific congenital entity. Four children have been reported so far. The two children reported in the present paper are the first full siblings to be described and, in addition, are identical twins. Four of these six children also had mental retardation, which suggests that this disorder may carry with it a significant risk of central nervous system abnormality.

Child↗