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Biomedical subjects

C Morgenstern

Publications and source records attributed to C Morgenstern.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapy of space-occupying tumors of the orbit].

In the presence of obvious, diffuse tissue proliferation in the retrobulbar space coupled with pain, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and a good response to corticosteroid administration, it is safe to assume, in consultation with an ophthalmologist and without doing a biopsy, that the lesion is a pseudotumour. For all other proliferative processes in the orbit and around the medial and inferior rectus muscles histological verification is indicated. The surgical approach is dictated by the site of the tumour in relation to the optic bulb and nerve. Computer tomography does not provide any indication as to the nature of a retrobulbar lesion. A specific neoplasm with destruction of the bone requires immediate diagnostic verification by biopsy via an orbitotomy.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1986

[Indications and results of transdiaphragmatic stomach transposition (without thoracotomy) in advanced hypopharyngeal and esophageal cancer].

During the period between 1980 and 1985 the technique of pharyngo-oesophageal reconstruction with gastric pull up was used in 7 late-stage cases with carcinomas of the hypopharynx and cervical oesophagus. In one patient the colon was connected with the pharynx. Oral ingestion of food was achieved 3 weeks after operation in 7 patients. The blunt dissection method of the oesophagus allowed a radical resection of the tumor as well as a one-step reconstruction of the nutritional pathway. Palliative therapy is often achieved. The significance of the operation should be evaluated both from the viewpoint of the length of survival as well as of the palliative purpose desired.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of aminoglycosides on experimentally induced endolymphatic hydrops].

Gentamycin or kanamycin have no effect on endolymph formation in experimental induced endolymphatic hydrops. The increase of endolymphatic volume after obliteration of endolymphatic duct and sac is not influenced by aminoglycosides as well as the decrease of DC-potential and the increase of sodium-activity in endolymphatic hydrops. The way of action of intratympanal injected gentamycin seems to be in a partial chemical induced labyrinthectomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[A surgical procedure for improving signal transmission in cochlear implants].

Subcutaneous insertion of a wire bow functioning as an antenna around the cartilage of the outer ear canal keeps the signal transmission free from artefacts for the electrical stimulation of a deaf ear. With this method it is not necessary to drill a bony inlet in the area of the temporal bone by inserting the cochlear implant in the fossa infratemporalis. The energy transmission is facilitated, and energy transfer to the cochlear implant is reduced. The ceramic implant is not visible. The patient is able to swim and can switch on the speech processor if required, similar to a hearing aid.

Cochlear Implants↗
PubMed1986

[Rare complications following stapes operation and their surgical treatment].

After stapedectomy otoliths were displaced from the endolymphatic space to the cupula of the posterior semicircular canal and caused a paroxysmal benign positional nystagmus which lasted 18 months. The positional nystagmus demonstrated a rotatory component during the Hallpike manoeuvre. The paroxysmal benign nystagmus disappeared after transtympanic nerve neurectomy of the inferior branch of the vestibular nerve (Gacek 1974). This procedure is only recommended for vertigo lasting longer than 1 year. The current findings support the theory that cupulolithiasis is the cause of paroxysmal benign positional nystagmus which can occur after stapedectomy. The rotatory nystagmus is generated in the posterior semicircular canal.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Freeze-fracture studies on the perilymph-endolymph barrier in experimentally induced hydrops.

A double-blind study was performed on nine pigmented guinea pigs which were unilaterally operated on in order to create an endolymphatic hydrops. After 12-18 months, both inner ears of the animals were removed and investigated by the freeze-fracture technique. The ultrastructure of the epithelial cells lining the endolymphatic compartment of the cochlea and the vestibular apparatus was analyzed. Special attention was directed to possible changes of the tight junctions (zonulae occludentes) in these sites. The number and depth of strands between the cells of sensory and non-sensory epithelia of both operated and unoperated sides were compared by an examiner unaware of the operated side. After the code of double-blind study was broken, it was found that there were no significant differences between the operated and the unoperated ears. These results are discussed in relation to the late DC-potential decrease in experimentally induced hydrops.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Perilymph fistulas--symptoms and indications for tympanoscopy].

In the last two years thirteen cases of perilymph fistula were treated by tympanoscopy and covering with connective tissue. Recovery of hearing was not observed in 4 totally deaf ears, but improvement was recorded in each of 9 cases with impaired hearing. Vertigo disappeared in 10 of 11 cases without any correlation with the degree of hearing loss. We perform tympanoscopy in suspected perilymph fistula, because prognosis is uncertain, spontaneous recovery with remaining defects may induce ménièriform syndrome, and pathway of infection should be closed. The diagnosis of a perilymph fistula must be solidified in cases of sudden deafness with vertigo, sudden hearing loss changing to the worse during medical treatment, sudden hearing loss without recovery during medical treatment, sudden hearing loss and subsequent onset of vertigo.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Bilateral caloric long-term irrigation as a method for the differentiation of tonal tinnitus].

In 307 subjects with tinnitus aurium, the parameters frequency, loudness, and masking levels did not correlate significantly with the basic diseases. As a new possibility in differentiation between tinnitus of central or peripheral origin, bilateral caloric long-term irrigation of the ear canal is presented. Using warm water leads to an increase, cold water to a decrease in the loudness of tinnitus. Such results were found in cases of Menière's disease and noise-induced hearing loss. An explanation of this phenomenon lies in the hypothesis of tinnitus genesis established by Tonndorf.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Significance of the glycerol test for the diagnosis of sensorineural hearing disorders].

140 patients with various forms of sensorineural hearing loss were examined via the glycerol test (Klockhoff). In 66% of the cases with Menière's disease, a typical temporary threshold shift could be seen. 17 patients with fluctuating hearing loss of unknown etiology without vestibular symptoms showed a similar effect; they were classified as belonging to the group of the cochlear type of Menière's disease. In 34% of cases with clinically assured diagnosis of Ménière's disease, glycerol did not induce improvement in hearing. Repeated glycerol tests revealed varying results; shortly after a Menière attack, the glycerol test was usually negative, whereas shortly before the next attack the glycerol test changed to positive. These data support the specificity of the glycerol test: The results depend on the presence of endolymphatic hydrops at the time of examination. Positive results of the glycerol test were also seen in the cases of reduced sensorineural hearing associated with syphilis, as well as in cases of cerebrospinal pressure changing synchronously with fluctuating hearing loss (Lindsay and Zajtschuk). In all other cases of sensorineural hearing losses, no positive effect of the glycerol test has been found.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed1985

[Hearing loss in childhood combined with abnormalities].

Hearing loss was diagnosed in 923 of 1712 children attending our paedaudiology outpatient department over a period of two years. 14% of patients with hearing loss had one or more associated malformations, affecting the musculoskeletal system, the heart, the eye and central nervous system. Metabolic disorders were also found. In addition to specific otologic procedures such as surgery and hearing aids a close cooperation with several specialists, in particular human geneticists, is necessary.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1984

The effect of kanamycin on experimentally induced endolymphatic hydrops.

In guinea pigs with endolymphatic hydrops 6 months after operation the DC potential had decreased from +80 mV to +50 mV, while the sodium activity had increased. The twofold increase in Na+ activity could explain the increased degree of endolymphatic hydrops. The K+ activity and Cl- activity were unchanged. However, endolymphatic hydrops could be produced in kanamycin-induced deaf guinea pigs after obliteration of the endolymphatic sac and duct. The physiological data on DC potential, K+, and Na+ activity were similar to those for non-treated animals. When the animals were treated with kanamycin 6 months after the development of endolymphatic hydrops, there was no effect on the morphological and functional changes compared to controls. The data suggest that regulation of the inner ear fluid occurs independent of an intact auditory system. The effect of aminoglycoside treatment in Ménière's disease cannot be explained by an effect on endolymphatic hydrops formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Electrophysiological measures of cochlear function in guinea pigs with long-term endolymphatic hydrops.

Experimental endolymphatic hydrops was induced in guinea pigs by obliteration of the endolymphatic sac and duct. From 3 to 24 months after this operation, cochlear action potential (AP) audiograms and AP tuning curves were measured. The purpose of this study was to establish parallels, if any, between this supposed animal model of Menière's disease and the auditory symptoms of the disease in man. In some animals, low and middle frequency AP threshold elevations were observed whilst higher frequency regions maintained normal sensitivity. Other animals developed flat or very gradually sloping AP audiograms. These patterns are qualitatively similar to those found clinically in Menière's disease. AP tuning curves measured in frequency regions of threshold elevation indicated a deterioration of cochlear frequency selectivity; psychophysical and electrocochleographic studies demonstrate related changes in Menière's patients. One animal exhibited modifications in AP thresholds and tuning as a result of glycerol administration. These observations improve our confidence in the validity of this animal model for further studies of the pathophysiology of Menière's disease.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1984

Pathogenesis of experimental endolymphatic hydrops.

The protein content and the d.c. potential of the endolymph differs in the various parts of the endolymphatic space (cochlea, utricle, semicircular canals and endolymphatic sac) as also does the ion composition (chloride, potassium, sodium). 12 months after obliteration of the endolymphatic sac and duct in guinea pigs the d.c. potential falls, whereas, the sodium activity increases. The endolymphatic hydrops is not caused by an increased colloid osmotic pressure. The increased water-binding capacity of the cochlear endolymph is correlated with the increased Na+ activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Experimental studies on the effect of labyrinth anesthesia].

Injection of tetracaine into the tympanic cavity inhibits, independently of histologic lesions of the round window membrane, the active electrogenic pump in the stria vascularis cells. The DC potential in the endolymph is reduced with increasing doses of tetracaine, while the K+-Cl- activity is unchanged for 120 min. This drug does not alter the permeability of Reissner's membrane. Near the stria vascularis area, the oxygen pressure in the endolymph increases significantly after the effects of 4% tetracaine.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1983

Intracellular and extracellular ion content of the endolymphatic sac.

The Cl- activity in the endolymph of the endolymphatic sac and in the cochlear duct was measured with Cl- sensitive double-barreled microelectrodes. The Cl- activity in the endolymphatic sac fluid was lower than in the cochlear duct. A small, positive, DC potential was recorded in the endolymphatic sac. During anoxia, the DC potential decreased while the Cl- activity in the endolymphatic sac increased. The K/Na ratio in the epithelial cells and subepithelial tissue of endolymphatic sac was measured using the LAMMA technique. The K/Na ratio in the epithelial cells decreased after ethacrynic acid injection (60 mg/kg i.v.). These findings suggest that chloride in the endolymphatic sac is actively transported inward and outward.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Multiple tumors in the upper aerodigestive tract--a retrospective study].

The authors observe an increasing incidence of multiple primary neoplasms in the upper aerodigestive tract. Out of 1231 patients with neoplasms, 110 (= 8.9%) developed another tumour. Following oral cavity tumours the incidence of second tumours was twice as high as in other localities. Privileged site of second tumours following cancer of the larynx is the lung, after oral cavity neoplasms the hypopharynx and larynx. The mean interval between first and secondary neoplasms was 4.4 years. In tumour follow-up therapy it is recommended to look not only for relapses and metastases but also for second tumours.

Germany, West↗