Biomedical subjects
C Nopajaroonsri
Publications and source records attributed to C Nopajaroonsri.
Prostate cancer metastatic only to the penis.
Prostate cancer metastatic to the penis is rare. We describe a patient who had a painful nodule in the corpora cavernosa during adjuvant radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Biopsy of the nodule revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining for prostate-specific antigen confirmed a prostatic origin for the neoplasm. The lesion to the penis was treated with radiation therapy in conjunction with androgen deprivation therapy. The penile pain completely resolved, and the patient remains alive, 30 months after initiation of therapy.
Venous aneurysm, arterial dysplasia, and near-fatal hemorrhages in neurofibromatosis type 1.
Venous aneurysms are rare and usually develop following trauma. This report describes an aneurysm of the internal jugular vein that was associated with dysplasia of the cervical arteries, in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). The finding of neurofibromatous tissue in the wall of the aneurysm as well as in small veins, suggested that the venous aneurysm was caused by the neurofibromatous invasion. No features of the dysplasia encountered in arteries of NF1 lesions were observed in the aneurysm or veins. During and after surgical excision of the aneurysm, the patient developed massive hemorrhages that required two reexplorations and evacuations of cervical hematomas. During surgeries, the bleeding was difficult to control because of excessive friability of the blood vessels. We suggest that the increased vascular fragility in this patient was caused by the NF1-associated arterial dysplasia and by the neurofibromatous venous invasion. Despite the vascular invasion by tumor, there is no evidence of malignancy or malignant transformation in this NF1 patient after a 10-year follow-up.
Mucus retention in heterotopic pancreas of the gastric antrum. A lesion mimicking mucinous carcinoma.
This report describes mucus retention developing in heterotopic pancreas of the gastric antrum. This unusual complication of heterotopic pancreas was seen in a 54-year-old black man who presented with postprandial nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. Gastroscopy revealed a 2-cm pyloric polyp, which was seen to intermittently obstruct the pylorus. Exploratory laparotomy confirmed an intramural mass in the antrum with serosal thickening and nodules. Frozen-section examination of the serosal nodule revealed a pool of mucus containing epithelial clusters and chronic inflammatory cells with no verifiable pancreatic tissue. These findings suggested the possibility of a mucinous carcinoma involving the serosa. Following gastrectomy, however, heterotopic pancreatic tissue was identified in the outer muscular propria extending to the mucosa of the antrum with no evidence of carcinoma. This heterotopic pancreatic tissue showed ductal obstruction and mucus retention. As a result, some ducts were ruptured and transformed into small nodules of mucus lakes with clusters of residual ductal epithelium. We therefore concluded that the mucous extravasation nodules on the antral serosa represented a benign lesion resulting from mucus retention in the heterotopic pancreas. In contrast to mucinous carcinoma, these benign mucous extravasation nodules were closely associated with the heterotopic pancreas, and showed significant inflammation and fibrosis but no overt epithelial anaplasia. The significance of the mucous extravasation nodule in the heterotopic pancreas is its potential confusion with mucinous carcinoma.
Retention mucocele of appendix due to endometriosis.
Retention mucocele of the appendix is caused by a variety of obstructive lesions such as postinflammation, fecalith, carcinoid tumor, and endometriosis. Appendiceal mucocele due to endometriosis is extremely rare; only one documented case of such condition has been recorded in the literature. We describe a young black woman who had abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Abdominal exploration revealed a small retention mucocele caused by endometriotic obstruction at the distal segment of the appendix. No evidence of endometriosis in other organs was found. The patient was asymptomatic after appendectomy.
Amelioration of cardiotoxic effects of alcohol by vitamin E.
Injection of mice with a single ip dose of 2g/kg of ethanol leads to time dependent increases of lactic dehydrogenase plasma isoenzymes indicative of myocardial damage. Electron microscopic analysis of the myocardium shows changes in mitochondrial structure, endoplasmic reticulum and myofibrils. Pretreatment of the animals with 86 units of alpha tocopherol partially prevented the changes in isoenzyme patterns and reduced the electron microscopic evidence of myocardial damage. The study supports previous findings that some of the toxic effects of alcohol might be mediated through free radical mechanisms leading to lipid peroxidation and that the ameliorating effect of alpha tocopherol could relate to its function as antioxidant and free radical scavenger.
Xenogeneic red blood cell degradation in a regional lymph node and dissemination of antigens by circulating lymphocytes.
The degradation of intramuscularly injected autogenic and xenogenic red blood cells are studied with electron microscopy and immunoferritin technique. Autogenic red blood cells are phagocytosed and completely degradated by macrophages within the draining lymph node in a relatively short time. Phagocytosis and initial degradation of xenogeneic red blood cells by macrophages in the draining lymph node are similar; however, portions of the degradation products persist in macrophages as characteristic myelinic-like figures. After 4 days, identical figures appear in large numbers in the adjacent lymphocytes within membrane-bound vacuoles. With the conjugated ferritin antibody technique, these myelinic-like figures are shown to contain antigens of the xenogeneic red blood cells. Subsequently, lymphocytes containing the inclusions are found in the peripheral blood, the marginal zone of the spleen, other lymph nodes, and the bone marrow. As in the draining lymph node the number of plasma cells increases in these organs in areas adjacent to lymphocytes with the inclusions. In a parallel study, uncoated polystyrene spheres injected intramuscularly accumulate and remain localized in macrophages of the draining lymph node. When coated with xenogeneic hemoglobin and membranes, these spheres appear in lymphocytes of the draining lymph node and subsequently in lymphocytes of the blood and spleen.
The ultrastructure of endosteum: a topographic study in young adult rabbits.
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The ultrastructure of cortical bone in young adult rabbits.
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The passage of intravenously injected colloidal carbon into lymph node parenchyma.
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Ultrastructure of the pulmonary lymphoid tissue.
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The architecture of the normal lymph node and hemolymph node. A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study.
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Ultrastructure of the normal lymph node.
The "normal" lymph node has been studied by electron microscopy. The lymphoid tissue can be divided into three distinct zones. Zone 1 consists of loosely arranged cells surrounding the lymphatic sinuses and blood vessels. This is the only zone in which plasma cells are present. Zone 2 is surrounded by zone 1 and consists of compactly arranged cells in which lymphocytes predominate. Zone 3 (germinal center) appears only after antigenic stimulation. It is characterized by large, ribosome-rich cells and macrophages containing phagocytosed lymphocytes. These zones are arranged with their longest diameters pointing towards the hilus. Zone 1 is the longest and extends across the cortex, paracortex and medulla. Zone 2 spans across cortex and paracortex. Zone 3 usually is confined to the cortex. Our preliminary studies indicate that zone 1 is mainly bursal dependent, zone 2 is mainly thymic dependent and zone 3 is bursal dependent.
Phagocytosis of colloidal carbon in a lymph node.
Colloidal carbon, injected intramuscularly, migrates rapidly and selectively to a corresponding lymph node by lymphatics, in which the carbon travels as free particles. In the lymph node, carbon particles are mainly phagocytosed and stored by macrophages, which exhibit morphologic changes in the plasma membrane and the tubules of endoplasmic reticulum. The subsequent migration of these cells results in wide distribution of carbon in the lymph node. Cytoplasmic changes also occur in sinusoidal macrophages, in which no carbon is seen. A possible relation of these macrophages to macrophage migration in lymph node is postulated. The lymphatic endothelial cells, like endothelial cells in any other organ, phagocytose only a small amount of carbon and only after functional overload of the macrophages.