PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C Risch

Publications and source records attributed to C Risch.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Anxiety, inhibition, and conduct disorder in children: II. Relation to salivary cortisol.

The relation of symptoms of conduct disorder (CD) and anxiety to salivary cortisol was explored in 67 clinic-referred boys aged 8 to 13 years. Children with anxiety disorder had higher levels of cortisol, but this main effect was qualified by a significant CD x anxiety disorder interaction. Consistent with Gray's biological model of the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), children with both CD and anxiety disorder had higher levels of salivary cortisol than children with CD without comorbid anxiety disorder. In the absence of CD, however, anxiety disorder was not clearly associated with higher cortisol. This result suggests that cortisol may be a useful biological marker of arousal associated with BIS activity in children with CD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Plasma cortisol levels following ethanol in sons of alcoholics and controls.

We used the pattern of change in plasma cortisol level following ethanol challenges to help characterize differences in response to alcohol in sons of alcoholics and controls. Thirty healthy, drinking young adult sons of alcoholics were matched with 30 sons of nonalcoholics on demography, drug use, and alcohol use histories. Each was tested on three occasions, when he received, in random order, placebo, 0.75 mL/kg of ethanol, and 1.1 mL/kg of ethanol. Subsequent blood samples for cortisol determinations were obtained every 30 minutes over the next four hours. The sons of alcoholics, at higher risk for the future development of alcoholism, demonstrated lower cortisol levels after drinking. The data are consistent with our prior measures of self-reported feelings of intoxication and family group differences in ethanol-induced decrements in performance.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Serum prolactin levels in sons of alcoholics and control subjects.

The authors evaluated changes in serum prolactin levels as a measure of differences in response to ethanol between 30 healthy, drinking, young adult sons of alcoholics and 30 matched control subjects with no family history of psychiatric or substance abuse problems. The control subjects were matched for demographic variables, drug use histories, and alcohol use histories. Each individual was tested on three occasions, receiving, in random order, placebo, 0.75 ml/kg of ethanol, and 1.1 ml/kg of ethanol. Controlling for baseline prolactin measures and hormonal changes after placebo, the authors found that the sons of alcoholics had significantly lower prolactin levels in response to the high-dose ethanol challenge.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The dexamethasone suppression test in acute grief.

Nineteen recently widowed women and men were given diagnostic interviews, psychometric evaluations, and dexamethasone suppression tests (DSTs). While 58% of the subjects (N = 11) met Research Diagnostic Criteria for depression, only 16% (N = 3) were nonsuppressors on the DST. In this population, nonsuppression was related more to levels of anxiety than to depression.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Effects of anesthesia on patients taking psychotropic drugs.

Psychotropic drugs, often given in combination with each other or with other nonpsychiatric drugs, generally exert profound effects on central and peripheral neurotransmitter and ionic mechanisms. Hence, prior intake of these drugs is an important consideration in the management of the patient about to undergo anesthesia and surgery. This article reviews the effects of anesthetics on patients taking antipsychotics, tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and lithium carbonate.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1980

Flurazepam effects on methylphenidate-induced stereotyped behavior.

The effects of flurazepam (0.0, 0.5, and 3.0 mg/kg) on methylphenidate-induced increases in stereotypy, gnawing, sniffing, and locomotion were evaluated in Swiss-Webster mice in daytime and nighttime experiments. Methylphenidate (50 mg/kg) increased overall stereotypy and stereotyped gnawing behavior; two doses of methylphenidate (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) increased locomotion and sniffing behavior. Flurazepam 3.0 mg/kg augmented methylphenidate-induced stereotyped gnawing behavior and stereotypy. Flurazepam significantly decreased locomotion and sniffing, but did not interact with methylphenidate's effects on locomotion and sniffing.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Amphetamine psychosis and psychotic symptoms.

Amphetamine psychosis has been considered to be a pharmacologic model of schizophrenia. Fifteen previously reported cases were reviewed in which experimental induction of amphetamine psychosis occurred in nonschizophrenic drug abusers. Seven (possibly ten) cases manifested Schneider's first rank symptoms and all had World Health Organization Present-State Exam symptoms which discriminated schizophrenia. This observation draws further parallels between the phenomenology of amphetamine psychosis and schizophrenic symptoms.

Amphetamine↗