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Biomedical subjects

C Sala

Publications and source records attributed to C Sala.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Recognition of random shapes in unilateral brain damaged patients: a reappraisal.

The performance of unilateral brain-damaged patients on recognition of random shapes was investigated by means of two different experiments. In experiment I interitem similarity and number of response-choice alternatives were varied to evaluate their possible influence on the subjects' performance. In experiment II stimulus exposure time was varied, In both experiments left brain-damaged patients with visual field defect obtained lower scores than control subjects. Right brain-damaged patients with visual field defect obtained scores significantly lower than controls only in the brief exposure condition.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1979

Plasma catecholamines and blood pressure responses to the carotid baroreceptor reflex in essential hypertension.

1. Slight decreases and increases in carotid baroreceptor activity were induced in subjects with essential hypertension by slight alterations in carotid transmural pressure (variable pressure neck-chamber technique) in order to obtain limited increases and reductions in sympathetic adrenergic activity. 2. When sympathetic activity was reflexly increased there was a rise in arterial pressure but no significant increase in plasma catecholamines. Likewise when sympathetic activity was reflexly reduced there was a fall in arterial pressure but no significant reduction in plasma catecholamines. 3. Plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline significantly and markedly increased in the same subjects when sympathetic activity was increased by activation of both arterial and low pressure baroreceptor reflexes with tilting. 4. It is suggested that measurements of catecholamines in systemic plasma may reveal marked degrees of sympathetic activation but may not be a sensitive index of more moderate changes in sympathetic tone.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Relationship between the hypotensive and renin-stimulating actions of diuretic therapy in hypertensive patients.

1. The pressor role of renin stimulated by chronic diuretic therapy has been assessed in 31 patients with essential hypertension by infusing the angiotensin II antagonist, saralasin, immediately before and at the end of 2 weeks' treatment with the diuretic, chlorthalidone. 2. Under diuretic therapy the change in blood pressure caused by saralasin was found to be correlated to plasma renin activity values, in such a way that small pressor responses were again observed in patients whose renin was mildly stimulated by the diuretic, whereas a marked depressor response occurred in patients whose renin was markedly increased. 3. On the other hand, the hypotensive effect of chlorthalidone was correlated to values of plasma renin activity under diuretic therapy in an opposite direction: indeed little or no decrease and sometimes an increase in blood pressure were observed in patients with marked renin activation by diuretic therapy. 4. It is concluded that stimulation of renin release by chronic diuretic therapy can be considered a factor limiting the hypotensive activity of diuretic drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Occupational type test for the etiological diagnosis of asthma due to toluene di-isocyanate.

An occupational type exposure-test to toluene di-isocyanate (TDI) for the diagnosis of specific respiratory sensitization is proposed. The subjects were tested by exposure to a two-pot polyurethane varnish with and without TDI activator, using a paint-spraying system under standard and controlled conditions, so as not to exceed the threshold limit value of TDI. Forced expiratory volume per second and specific airway resistance (plethysmographic method) were measured before each exposure and during the following 24 h. 47 subjects with clinical symptoms of asthma were examined during their hospital care. For the purpose of this study they were divided into two groups: 42 workers exposed to TDI and 5 not exposed. The preliminary control test, using polyurethane varnish without TDI activator, was always negative and no significant changes in ventilatory parameters were recorded. The spray-painting test, with the same varnish and TDI activator, gave positive responses in 35 out of the 42 exposed workers and negative findings in the group not exposed. This method permits to formulate an accurate diagnosis of TDI respiratory sensitization in the majority of cases (83%). Immediate asthmatic reactions were frequently observed in the exposed subjects with high acetylcholine reactivity. Ten subjects showed a late bronchial reaction (3 h or more after TDI exposure).

Acetylcholine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thrombolytic activity of defibrotide: a morphometric evaluation in experimental venous thrombosis.

We have studied the morphometric aspects of the thrombolytic activity of Defibrotide in experimental venous thrombosis induced by inserting a collagen-coated nylon thread into the femoral vein of rabbits. 24 hours after thrombus induction Defibrotide decreases the size of thrombi by a factor of 6; stimulation of fibrinolysis and inhibition of platelet and leucocyte recruitment are prominent. Size of the thrombus, extension of the fibrin net and platelet adhesion are also modified by Defibrotide in 7-day-old thrombi where granulation tissue has replaced the original coagulum.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hippocampal infolding angle changes during brain development assessed by prenatal MR imaging.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Epileptic syndromes or neurodevelopmental delay may be associated with congenital anomalies of the shape or the orientation of the hippocampus. Scarce data are available about quantitative hippocampal developmental changes during fetal life, in particular about the progressive rotational changes of the hippocampal infolding angle (HIA), which can be considered a hallmark of hippocampal development. We hypothesized that prenatal MR imaging could demonstrate the progressive rotation of the hippocampus, providing quantitative data by means of the HIA determination. METHODS: We retrospectively selected 62 fetal MR imaging cases with normal brain at prenatal and postnatal imaging. The gestational age ranged from 20 to 37 weeks. The coronal section encompassing the pons was used to perform the measurement of HIA. HIA was defined as the angle between the line connecting the lateral margin of the cornu ammonis with the medial superior margin of the subiculum and the line passing through the midline structures. RESULTS: A significant positive correlation was found between the HIA value and the gestational age. The HIA was generally below 70 degrees before the gestational week 25 and above 70 degrees after week 30. CONCLUSION: Prenatal MR imaging allowed the progressive rotation of hippocampus to be detected during fetal life, providing normative data about HIA changes. These data could support further investigations to assess how fetal HIA anomalies might affect postnatal neurologic outcome.

Female↗