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Biomedical subjects

C Scieux

Publications and source records attributed to C Scieux.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Different humoral immune response to Chlamydia trachomatis major outer membrane protein variable domains I and IV in Chlamydia-infected patients with or without reactive arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: The possibility that some bacterial-specific factor(s) may play a role in triggering Chlamydia trachomatis reactive arthritis was investigated. METHODS: Since the variable domains of the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) contain the serovar-determining epitopes of C. trachomatis, the ability of serum IgG to recognize peptides mimicking these epitopes was determined in 2 groups of infected patients, one with and the other without reactive arthritis. Because asymptomatic C. trachomatis infections are frequent, and nonspecific reactions due to inflammation could be observed, this study was also performed with samples from healthy blood donors and from patients with inflammatory arthritis unrelated to C. trachomatis infection. RESULTS: A predominant reactivity against peptides duplicating the J serovar-specific epitopes was only observed in the group of patients with reactive arthritis. For positive samples, differences between the two groups of C. trachomatis-infected patients were clearly observed. The mean numbers of positive responses obtained for each of the 7 peptides of the MOMP domain I or each of the 8 peptides of the MOMP domain IV were significantly higher for samples from patients with reactive arthritis (4.7 and 6) than for those from patients with only C. trachomatis urogenital infection (1.3 and 2.9). CONCLUSION: Patients with reactive arthritis had a pattern of reactivities that was compatible with infection by several serotypes of bacteria. Repeated exposures to C. trachomatis might therefore be involved in the development of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Usefulness of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia assay for predicting the occurrence of CMV disease and death in patients with AIDS.

A cohort study of 214 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients was performed to assess the usefulness of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia assay for predicting the occurrence of CMV disease and death. Multivariate analysis revealed that only positive baseline CMV antigenemia assays (relative risk [RR], 7.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7-14.2; P = .0001) and CD4 cell counts (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99; P = .009) were associated with CMV disease. A positive baseline CMV antigenemia assay was also associated with death by multivariate analysis (RR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.5-3.4; P = .0003). Increasing levels of CMV antigenemia during follow-up were associated with increased risks of CMV disease and death. A positive CMV antigenemia assay that showed > 10 cells per 2 x 10(5) polymorphonuclear leukocytes during follow-up was 91% sensitive and 84% specific for predicting a diagnosis of CMV disease; the negative predictive value for this positive test was high (97%). Therefore, the CMV antigenemia assay appears to be a simple, rapid, and inexpensive test for predicting the occurrence of CMV disease and death in patients with advanced HIV infection.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1998

Squamous cell carcinomas after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia: further evidence of a multistep process.

BACKGROUND: Secondary solid tumors are rare events occurring in patients who underwent allogeneic marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia and Fanconi's anemia. Human herpes virus 8 (HHV8), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human papillomaviruses (HPV) sequences have been found in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) occurring in organ transplant recipients. The tumor suppressor gene p53 has been strongly linked to the occurrence of SCC in the nonimmunocompromised population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In eight patients with SCC, we searched for HHV8, EBV, varicella zoster virus, adenovirus, and HPV sequences from DNA extracted from selected areas of SCC. We also looked for p53 expression in those specimens as well as the presence of anti-p53 antibodies in the serum of these patients at the onset of SCC. RESULTS: In one patient, we found the presence of both HHV8 and EBV sequences, and in another patient we found HPV16 sequences. All five tumors that could be studied disclosed evidence of p53 accumulation, but none of the eight patients had anti-p53 antibodies in the sera. CONCLUSION: SCC developing in marrow transplant recipients seems to occur via a multistep process. Genetic predisposition may be present, as in patients with Fanconi's anemia. Transplantation-related factors, such as irradiation and chronic graft-versus-host disease, also have a role. In this article, we add two more potent risk factors: p53 alteration(s) and in some cases the presence of oncogenic viruses.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1998

Severe respiratory syncytial virus pulmonary infection in a patient treated with fludarabine for chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Fludarabine phosphate is currently proposed for the treatment of refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). CD4 T-lymphocyte depletion, myelosuppression, and subsequent severe infections are the major side effects of fludarabine phosphate therapy. We report here on a heretofore undescribed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in a patient with a long-standing history of refractory CLL that was treated with fludarabine phosphate. The patient developed a severe infection of the upper and lower respiratory tract with bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and severe hypoxemia. RSV was the only infectious agent that could be isolated, and treatment with aerosolized ribavirin lead to prompt improvement of all symptoms.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1998

Use of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia assay for the rapid diagnosis of primary CMV infection in hospitalized adults.

We assessed the value of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia assay for diagnosing primary CMV infection in adults. The CMV antigenemia assay was performed for 40 patients admitted to our unit over a 2-year period with unexplained fever and suspected primary CMV infection. Nine of the 10 patients with primary CMV infection had positive CMV antigenemia assays, and the results were available within 5 hours. All 10 patients had a mononucleosis-like syndrome. All but one of the 30 other patients had negative CMV antigenemia assays. A false-positive result was obtained for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Overall, the CMV antigenemia assay was 90% sensitive and 96% specific for the diagnosis of primary CMV infection. Therefore, the CMV antigenemia assay appears to be a simple, rapid, inexpensive test for the diagnosis of primary CMV infection in hospitalized adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Inhibition of human immunodeficiency type 1 virus replication in monocytic U-937 cells by superinfection with Chlamydia trachomatis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of infection of monocytic cells with both the human immunodeficiency type 1 virus (HIV-1) and Chlamydia trachomatis on the replication of each pathogen. U-937 cells, chronically infected with HIV-1 (strain LaVLai), either induced to differentiate into immature macrophage-like cells by 32 pM 12-O-tetradecanol phorbol-13-acetate or uninduced, were superinfected with C. trachomatis serovar L2. Both HIV-1 infection and differentiation rendered the U-937 cells highly susceptible to C. trachomatis lytic infection. Differentiation and superinfection of HIV-1-infected cells with C. trachomatis both affected cell viability and reduced viral production in vitro. RT activity was one tenth the original value after differentiation of HIV-1-infected cells, one twentieth the original value after superinfection with C. trachomatis, and one hundredth the original value after differentiation and superinfection with C. trachomatis.

Antibiosis↗
PubMed1998

[Comparison of the in vitro sensitivity to cidofovir and ganciclovir of clinical cytomegalovirus isolates. Coordinated Action Group 11].

Cidofovir (CDF) or Vistid is a monophosphate nucleoside analogue that inhibits the DNA polymerase of herpes viruses including the cytomegalovirus (CMV). CDF is active on GCV-resistant strains with a mutation on the phosphotransferase gene (UL97). However, DNA polymerase gene mutations that induce resistance to GCV are responsible for cross-resistance to CDF. Resistance phenotypes to GCV and CDF were determined for 57 CMV strains isolated from blood and urine samples. Sixteen strains were recovered after CDF therapy. Of the remaining 41 CDF-naive strains, 34 were susceptible and seven resistant to GCV. Fifty percent inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for CDF were in the 0.2-2.6 microM range for CDF-naive strains susceptible to GCV. For GCV-resistant strains, IC50 values for CDF were < or = 3 microM for strains with a low level of resistance to GCV (GCV IC50 < 30 microM) and > or = 6 microM for three of the five strains with a high level of resistance to GCV (GCV IC50 > or = 30 microM).

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1997

[Herpes simplex virus and macrophages].

Macrophages, widely distributed in the body, play a central role in mediating host defense against herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections. Both intrinsic antiviral activities of macrophages (phagocytic and degradative function leading to presentation of viral antigens, inhibition of viral replication) and extrinsic antiviral resistance (inhibition of the spread of HSV, inhibition of HSV replication in permissive cells and selecting lysing of HSV-infected cells) are modulated by cytokines such as interferons (IFN) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Macrophages in the presence of an interactive network of cytokines are involved in the orchestration of non specific host defense and specific immune responses against HSV infections. Further investigations of physiopathology and complex interactions of macrophages-HSV should lead to the development of immunotherapy for HSV infections in immunocompromised individuals.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis infection by PCR in first voided urines in men].

The goal of this study was to evaluate whether the new commercially available PCR-based assay Amplicor C. trachomatis (Roche Molecular Systems) could improve the diagnosis of chlamydial urogenital infections in men, compared with cell culture of C. trachomatis considered as the reference method. A total of 466 men attending the STD clinic were tested by the Amplicor test in urine and by cell culture in urethra. The prevalence of C. trachomatis was 13.7% (64/466) by cell culture and 14.4% (67/466) by the Amplicor test. After resolution of the discrepant results, the sensitivity of culture was 91.4% in male urethral specimens. The resolved sensitivity of the PCR assay was 92.7% in male urine and the specificity was 99.5%. We concluded that this rapid PCR-based assay showed an improvement in quality for diagnosing C. trachomatis infections in men.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Molecular typing of Chlamydia trachomatis by random amplification of polymorphic DNA.

The random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used for epidemiological typing of Chlamydia trachomatis strains. DNA samples from 39 C. trachomatis, 1 C. pneumoniae and 2 C. psittaci strains were screened by the use of 4 single 10-mer primers. Different and reproducible banding profiles were observed on agarose gel electrophoresis. No common profiles were recorded for strains from different Chlamydia species. All C. trachomatis strains of trachoma biovar were distinguished from lymphogranuloma venereum biovar. Moreover, serotypes A to C were separated from serotypes D to K, and some groups of strains sharing the same serotype D to K were further subdivided by RAPD. Conversely, strains of different serotypes could produce identical patterns of amplification, indicating that RAPD did not reflect serotyping. The patterns of amplified products were compared to the restriction fragment length polymorphism of the omp1 gene after amplification and to DNA fingerprinting by use of ribosomal RNA or randomly cloned DNA probes. RAPD seemed to be an alternative molecular typing procedure for epidemiological study and strain identification in urogenital infections due to serotypes D to K.

Chlamydia trachomatis↗