PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C Scieux

Publications and source records attributed to C Scieux.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Resistance of herpes simplex viruses to antiviral drugs].

The nucleoside analog acyclovir is remarkably effective and selective in herpes simplex virus (HSF) infections. Acyclovir inhibits the viral enzyme DNA polymerase. Emergence of acyclovir-resistant HSV mutants occurs in immunocompromised patients, especially those with AIDS. Detection of HSV strains with resistance to antiviral drugs requires rapid in vitro tests to determine the IC50, i.e., the concentration of drug which inhibits viral replication by 50%. Studies of patterns of HSV resistance to the various antiviral agents used in medicine and characterization of mutant HSV strains have shown resistance to be due to loss or modification of the viral enzyme thymidine kinase or to changes in the viral DNA polymerase. The main clinically-significant acyclovir-resistant mutants are thymidine kinase-deficient and retain sensitivity to vidarabine and foscarnet. Development of resistance to both acyclovir and foscarnet due to changes in viral DNA polymerase is considerably less common but emphasizes the urgent need for new antiviral strategies for use in immunocompromised patients.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1993

[Chlamydia trachomatis: risk factors in women in the Parisian region. Importance of smoking and cervical ectropion].

A study of chlamydial infection and its clinical correlates was undertaken collaboratively among french women attending sexually transmitted disease (STD, prenatal, and teen clinics (n = 148). A complete sexual and gynecologic history and pelvic exam was performed on all women. Endocervical and urethral cultures were obtained for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae. Reason for visit included suspected STD in 97% of STD, 5% of prenatal and 17% of teen women. N. gonorrhoeae was isolated from STD clinic patients only (17%). C. trachomatis was found in 22% of teen, 17% of STD and 2% of prenatal clinic women. C. trachomatis was significantly associated with smoking, a history of urethral discharge in the male partner, and endocervical ectopy > 50% of total cervical surface.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Asymptomatic carriage of Chlamydia trachomatis in men consulting for condylomata acuminata].

A search for Chlamydia trachomatis by cell culture was carried out in the urethra of 82 male patients consulting for condyloma acuminata at the Clinical and Biological Centre for Sexually Transmissible Diseases of the Saint-Louis hospital, Paris. Three patients had discreet urethral signs, but none had urethral discharge. Cell culture was positive for C. trachomatis in 36 of the 82 patients (44 percent). This high prevalence suggests that C. trachomatis should systematically be looked for in the urethra of male patients consulting for condylomata acuminata. If this cannot be done, then a systematic treatment with tetracyclines should be instituted.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of a chemiluminometric immunoassay for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in the urine of male and female patients.

A chemiluminometric immunoassay (Magic Lite Chlamydia) for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis antigens in first-void urine samples was compared with cell culture using urogenital swabs from 221 men and 242 women. The rate of isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis was 23.5% in men, nearly 80% of whom had symptoms of urethritis, and 8.3% in women, in whom both cervix and urethra samples were tested. In urine sediments from men and women respectively the chemiluminometric assay showed a sensitivity of 80.8% and 70%, a specificity of 97% and 95%, a positive predictive value of 89.4% and 58.3%, and a negative predictive value of 94.3% and 97.2%. Discrepancies between results obtained with the chemiluminometric assay and cell culture were resolved using two polymerase chain reaction techniques to test urogenital samples. The detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in urine samples with the chemiluminometric assay was confirmed to be superior for screening symptomatic men with urogenital infections than women as a lower prevalence population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

DNA fingerprinting of Chlamydia trachomatis by use of ribosomal RNA, oligonucleotide and randomly cloned DNA probes.

DNA fingerprinting of 15 reference strains and 24 clinical isolates of Chlamydia trachomatis, 2 strains of C. psittaci and one strain of C. pneumoniae was studied by use of universal 16 + 23S RNA from Escherichia coli, 16S rDNA-directed oligonucleotide and randomly cloned chlamydial DNA probes. The rRNA-gene restriction patterns (ribotypes) enabled the differentiation of chlamydial species. Following DNA cleavage by restriction endonuclease PvuII, lymphogranuloma venereum and trachoma biovars of C. trachomatis could be differentiated. An oligonucleotide, designed to hybridize the C. trachomatis 16S rDNA, also allowed for both species-specific identification and biovar typing of C. trachomatis human strains. Molecular typing system using 3 lambda clones containing C. trachomatis serotype E random DNA inserts, combined to ribotyping, revealed 12 groups of variable banding patterns within C. trachomatis, and could provide an alternative epidemiological tool.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1991

[Comparative study of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal lethal concentration (MLC) values for tetracycline, monocycline, erythromycin and rokitamycin against eleven strains of Chlamydia trachomatis].

We evaluated the efficacy of tetracycline, minocycline, erythromycin and rokitamycin (rikamycine, TMS-19Q) in controlling in vitro propagation of Chlamydia trachomatis in HeLa 229 cells. Ten recent clinical isolates of Chlamydia trachomatis and one fast-growing strain were tested with inocula of 100-1,000 inclusion forming units per well of a 96-wheel microculture plate. Chlamydia trachomatis inclusions were detected by an immunoperoxidase-antiperoxidase procedure (PAP), including a genus-specific monoclonal antibody. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) geometric means and ranges were respectively 0.128, 0.015-0.25 mg/l tetracycline, 0.001, less than or equal to 0.001-0.004 mg/l minocycline, 0.187, 0.031-0.5 mg/l erythromycin, and 0.005, less than or equal to 0.001-0.062 mg/l rokitamycin; minimal lethal concentration (MLC) geometric means and ranges were 6.79, 0.125-32 mg/l tetracycline, 0.225, 0.062-2 mg/l minocycline, 3.37, 1-32 mg/l erythromycin, and 0.112, 0.031-1 mg/l rokitamycin. Since rokitamycin appears to be the more bactericidal from the four antibiotics tested, clinical studies in sexually transmitted diseases are indicated.

Chlamydia trachomatis↗
PubMed1990

In-vitro activity of azithromycin against Chlamydia trachomatis.

We evaluated the efficacy of azithromycin, erythromycin and doxycycline in controlling in-vitro propagation of Chlamydia trachomatis in HeLa 229 cells. Eight recent clinical isolates of C. trachomatis and two fast-growing strains were tested with inocula of 10(3)-10(5) inclusion forming units per well of a 96-well microtitre plate. C. trachomatis inclusions were detected by an immunoperoxidase-antiperoxidase procedure (PAP), including a genus-specific monoclonal antibody. MIC ranges were 0.064-0.25 mg/l azithromycin, 0.064-0.128 mg/l erythromycin and 0.016-0.064 mg/l doxycyline; MBC ranges were 2-8 mg/l azithromycin, 4-64 mg/l erythromycin and 0.5-8 mg/l doxycycline. Since azithromycin appears to be effective against C. trachomatis, clinical studies in sexually transmitted diseases are indicated.

Azithromycin↗
PubMed1990

[Microbiological study of male genital ulcers. Apropos of 75 cases].

Between November 1986 and June 1987, the microbial aetiology of genital ulcers was assessed in 75 male patients attending the Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) clinic in Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris. Evidence of Haemophilus ducreyi was found in 18 patients (24%), Herpes simplex virus in 19 (25.3%). Syphilis was diagnosed on the basis of dark field microscopy and/or positive serology test in 19 patients (25.3%). Lymphogranuloma venereum was not diagnosed in any patient. Primary pathogens were not identified from the remaining 19 (25.3%) men. Neisseria gonorrhoea was isolated in five patients, from the ulcer in three cases, from the urethra in two. Asymptomatic urethral carriage of Chlamydia trachomatis was culture proven in seven cases. The presence of IgM antibodies to C. trachomatis at a titre greater than 40 found in 17 patients was a indication of a current chlamydial infection. Three patients (4%) were discovered to be HIV-1 positive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Lymphogranuloma venereum: 27 cases in Paris.

Twenty-seven men with laboratory-confirmed lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) were identified among 211 patients tested for LGV or chancroid during a 6-y period. The patients with LGV ranged in age from 17 to 73 y; most were from countries other than France. Twenty-five sought care because of inguinal adenopathy (with spontaneous draining fistulae in two patients) and two because of proctitis. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from nine patients; all isolates were the LGV biovar as demonstrated by biologic characterization and monoclonal antibody reactivity. In patients without isolation of C. trachomatis, the diagnosis was based on chlamydial complement fixation antibody titers greater than or equal to 1:32 (mean titer, 1:128). Genital herpes was an associated diagnosis in one patient and syphilis in two patients. Serologic evidence of exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 was present in five patients and to HIV-2 in one patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Rapid determination of MICs of 15 antichlamydial agents by using an enzyme immunoassay (Chlamydiazyme).

An enzyme immunoassay (EIA), Chlamydiazyme (Abbott Laboratories), was evaluated for its determination of MICs of 15 antimicrobial agents against Chlamydia trachomatis (MRC-1, LB, TRIC/GB/MRC-1 Gf [ATCC VR-1]). The inoculum size, incubation time, and enhancers were defined for the assessment of chlamydial antigen synthesis in HeLa 229 cells seeded as monolayers in 96-well plates. MICs were determined and defined as the lowest antibiotic concentrations required to inhibit, after 24 or 48 h of incubation, antigen production as determined by the EIA. The MICs (after 48 h) were similar to those determined by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining of inclusions. MIC determinations after 24 h were suitable for screening the activities of quinolones, but less so for measuring the susceptibility of C. trachomatis to macrolides and tetracyclines. MIC determination by EIA was rapid, appropriate for standardization, and less cumbersome than determination by quantification of inclusions.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1987

[Diagnostic value of the study of anti-Chlamidia antibodies in salpingitis. 379 cases].

Antibodies to Chlamydia were assayed by complement fixation (CF) and inclusion indirect immunofluorescence (IFI) in sera collected from 379 patients with salpingitis: 30.3% of the patients had total and IgM antibodies at IFI and CF antibodies (profile I); 26.6% of the patients had total and IgM antibodies at IFI without CF antibodies (profile II); 31.6% of the patients had only total antibodies at IFI without specific IgM and without CF antibodies (profile III); 11.3% of the patients were Chlamydia antibody negative (profile IV). In the control group of 50 pregnant women apparently non infected, the profile distribution was 2% profile I, 8% profile II, 38% profile III, and 54% profile IV. Detection of IgM antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis in 57% of patients with salpingitis, taking only one specimen, suggested recent or active chlamydial infection. CF antibodies indicated diffuse infection. Total antibodies correlated well with IgG antibodies detected by ELISA. Their finding was by no means diagnosis for Chlamydia being the cause of tubal infection, although titers observed in salpingitis patients were higher than in controls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Use of monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis of chlamydial urethritis and cervicitis.

Isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) in cell culture is the most reliable method for the diagnosis of chlamydial infections. The results are obtained in 48-72 hours. We have produced anti-chlamydial monoclonal antibodies (McAb) and by means of indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) we have developed a rapid diagnostic test. Sixty-six patients, 34 males seen for subacute urethritis authenticated by the presence of polymorphonuclear cells on urethral smears and 32 females presenting with leucorrhea were included in the study. The specimens obtained from urethra and cervix were inoculated on Hela 229 cells for isolation of C. trachomatis. A similar specimen was placed in normal saline containing 2% fetal calf serum. 50 microliters of the saline solution were then placed in wells in IF slides, dried at 37 degrees C and fixed for 30 minutes in acetone at -20 degrees C. Anti-chlamydial McAb and fluorescein labelled mouse anti IgG were used for the rapid IIF test. From 34 cases, we have isolated C. trachomatis from the urethra of 19 males. In these 19 cases, most of the polymorphonuclear cells demonstrated a brilliant cytoplasma revealing the presence of chlamydial antigens. In 25 other cases without isolation, the rapid diagnostic test was positive twice. From the 32 females, C. trachomatis was isolated 7 times. In these 7 cases, the rapid diagnosis IIF test was positive with the same characteristics as noted in the male population. In the 25 other cases without isolation, the test was positive 3 times.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Herpesvirus infections during treatment inducing remission of acute leukemia].

Herpes virus hominis infection was observed in 28% (diagnosis ascertained on viral examination) to 33% (clinical suspicion) of 36 adult patients prospectively studied during remission induction chemotherapy for acute leukaemia. Symptoms are non specific so that diagnosis relies upon viral isolation. All infected patients but one survived the viral infection and the prognosis of the underlying acute leukaemia was unaffected.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

[Non-gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis. Isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis and detection of anti-Chlamydia antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence].

The responsibility of Chlamydia trachomatis in non-gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis was investigated in 267 patients of both sexes. It was confirmed in 36.3% of patients with urethritis and 20.9% of patients with cervicitis by isolating C. trachomatis on Hela 229 cells in the presence of cytochalasin B. No clinical feature specific of C. trachomatis infection could be elicited. The patients were tested for total IgM-type serum anti-chlamydia antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence (IF), using as antigen the inclusions formed in Hela 229 cells by an L2 serotype of C. trachomatis. The serological study was also performed in 86 blood-donors used as controls. The diagnostic value of IF serology is limited in lower genito-urinary infections; the presence of specific IgM's correlates well with the isolation of C. trachomatis, but these IgM's are not detected in protracted urethritis or cervicitis. In such cases, the aetiological diagnosis can only be made by isolation of C. trachomatis from the focus of infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Herpes virus infections during a remission induction treatment in acute leukemias].

Herpes virus hominis infection was observed in 28% (diagnosis assessed on viral examination) to 33% (clinical suspicion) of 36 adult patients prospectively studied during remission induction chemotherapy for acute leukaemia. Symptoms are non specific so that diagnosis relies upon viral isolation. All infected patients but one survived the viral infection and the prognosis of the underlying acute leukaemia was unaffected.

Acute Disease↗