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Biomedical subjects

C Trevisan

Publications and source records attributed to C Trevisan.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Disorders of lipid metabolism in muscle.

At rest and during sustained exercise, lipids are the main source of energy for muscle. Free fatty acids become available to muscle from plasma free fatty acids and triglycerides, and from intracellular triglycride lipid droplets. Transport of long-chain fatty acyl groups into the mitochondria requires esterification and de-esterification with carnitine by the "twin" enzymes carnitine palmityltransferase (CPT) I and II, bound to the outer and inner faces of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Carnitine deficiency occurs in two clinical syndromes. (1) In the myopathic form, there is weakness; muscle biopsy shows excessive accumulation of lipid droplets; and the carnitine concentration is markedly decreased in muscle but normal in plasma. (2) In the systemic form, there are weakness and recurrent episodes of hepatic encephalopathy; muscle biopsy shows lipid storage; and the carnitine concentration is decreased in muscle, liver, and plasma. The etiology of carnitine deficiency is not known in either the myopathic or the systemic form, but administration of carnitine or corticosteroids has been beneficial in some patients. "Secondary" carnitine deficiency may occur in patients with malnutrition, liver disease, chronic hemodialysis, and, possibly, mitochondrial disorders. CPT deficiency causes recurrent myoglobinuria, usually precipitated by prolonged exercise or fasting. Muscle biopsy may be normal or show varying degrees of lipid storage. Genetic transmission is probably autosomal recessive, but the great male predominance (20/21) remains unexplained. In many cases, lipid storage myopathy is not accompanied by carnitine or CPT deficiency, and the biochemical error remains to be identified.

Acyl Coenzyme A↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging in a case of Hallervorden-Spatz disease.

Magnetic resonance using a 0.5 T system and a T2-weighted spin-echo pulse sequence revealed symmetric areas of marked hypointensity of the globi pallidi in a case with a family history of and presenting with clinical features consistent with Hallervorden-Spatz disease. No such findings were seen in any of 16 normal volunteers of similar age. Magnetic resonance may be useful for diagnosing Hallervorden-Spatz disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The fracture risk in the elderly subject: the determining factors].

Recent advancements in the field of bone mass measurements allow us a precise determination of bone mineral density values in various skeletal sites. At present, their determination gives the most valuable information on individual fracture risk. However, we sometimes to witness fragility fractures in presence of regular values of bone mineral density which suggest a satisfactory status of skeletal mineralization. These cases underline that the mechanical incompetence of the skeleton is not simply the result of a decrease in bone mineral density and that other factors are responsible for the increase of fracture incidence in the elderly. In this paper, several factors potentially involved in the occurrence of fragility fractures in elderly people have been considered on the basis of the most recent data of the current literature in this field. These factors, subdivided in bone tissue extrinsic and bone tissue intrinsic factors, include: muscle synergisms, reflex reactions and sensory status, soft tissue features, bone tissue features, structural properties and loading modalities in relation to structural orientation. Awareness and analysis on these factors are important for better management of preventive as well as therapeutic measures for fragility fractures in elderly.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Progressive supranuclear palsy: report of two cases (author's transl).

Two cases of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) are reported in two men (49 and 75years old) who for one and four years respectively had sudden falling while walking. Rigidity of the neck was an carly feature that prgressed to involve the upper trunk while "subcortical dementia", dysarthria and dysphagia appeared. They had a complete paralysis of vertical eye movements and slow horizontal voluntary eye movements. Oculocephalic reflexes were intact. On caloric stimulation vestibulo-ocular responses were present but only slow saccadic eye movements were observed. With surface electrodes eye movements were studied during the REM phase of sleep. Our patients had both vertical and horizontal eye movements during paradoxal sleep. This findings is in keeping with a supranuclear ophtalmoplegia, and may help in antemorten diagnosis of PSP.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spinal cord compression by extramedullary hematopoietic tissue in a thalassemic patient: prompt effect of radiotherapy.

As described in the literature, spinal cord compression by extramedullary hematopoietic tissue rarely occurs in thalassemic patients. Laminectomy and/or radiotherapy are the main approaches. We report on a patient with thalassemia intermedia who developed paralysis of both lower extremities due to the compression of the spinal cord by extramedullary hematopoietic tissue.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitative histopathology in congenital myopathies.

A histo-morphometric analysis has been carried out in 23 muscle biopsies obtained from patients with congenital myopathies (6 nemaline m., 10 centronuclear m., 4 central core m., 3 multicore m.) in order to improve diagnosis and to confirm the data available in literature. No relationship has been found between the severity of the disease and the histo-pathological features as previously described. Nevertheless, the following pathological aspects diverge from previous reports: a) the absence of rods within the nuclei and of mitochondrial abnormalities in nemaline myopathy; b) the presence of type I fiber hypertrophy and of mitochondrial alterations in 30% of the patients with centronuclear myopathy; c) the presence of cores even in type II fibers, mitochondrial abnormalities, nucleosis, inflammatory cellular reaction and fibrosis in addition to the absence of rods in central core myopathy; d) the type I fiber hypertrophy in all patients with multicore myopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Iopamidol vs. metrizamide myelography: clinical comparison of side effects.

One hundred myelographies with iopamidol and 100 with metrizamide were performed in order to compare the side effects of the two contrast media after injection into the spinal subarachnoid space. All patients were observed for a follow-up period of at least 4 days. The most frequently observed side effect, headache, was more common, of longer duration, and more severe with the use of metrizamide than with iopamidol. Only neck pain was more common with iopamidol. More severe side effects such as meningeal irritation, psychoorganic syndrome, and epileptic seizures occurred only with metrizamide. The results seem to indicate a lower neurotoxicity and better patient tolerance for iopamidol than for metrizamide.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Apropos of delusions of grandeur in general paresis: considerations in 1 case].

Nowadays diagnosis of neurosyphilis has become an infrequent event. Furthermore, the few patients studied have a clinical picture different from that described in the past. We report the clinical evolution of a patient with general paresis who suffered from delusions of grandeur, a clinical feature almost disappeared in these times. This mental disorder did not change after prolonged phenothyazines treatment. Among possible causes that made delusions of grandeur disappear in general paresis, remarkable improvements in therapy and major changes in social life should be considered.

Adult↗