Biomedical subjects

C W Avilla

Publications and source records attributed to C W Avilla.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Refractive accommodative esotropia: a surgical problem?

Among the reasons given for surgery in refractive accommodative esotropia (RAET) are (1) frequent functional deterioration and (2) high prevalence of cyclovertical strabismus and oblique muscle dysfunctions. Of 30 patients with RAET, corrected with glasses and followed for an average of seven years only one deteriorated. We tested a second group of 53 patients with RAET for A- and V-patterns and dysfunction of the oblique muscles. Pseudo-A- and V-patterns occurred without glasses but were absent when glasses were worn during the measurement. Dysfunctions of the oblique muscles were observed without glasses but were clinically insignificant. Our data do not support the reasons cited above for performing surgery in RAET.

Accommodation, Ocular↗

PubMed1990

Accommodative convergence in hypermetropia.

We compared the clinical characteristics of esotropic, hypermetropic children whose strabismus was fully corrected with spectacles (refractive accommodative esotropia) with those who remained orthotropic (that is, had no manifest strabismus on the cover test) in the presence of uncorrected hypermetropia. In addition to a standard ophthalmologic and orthoptic examination, we determined the stimulus accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio by using the gradient method over a range of 6 diopters, the near point of accommodation, and random dot stereopsis. Hypermetropic patients without esotropia or significant esophoria were found to have a low AC/A ratio in contrast to those patients with refractive accommodative esotropia. This finding explains why esodeviations may be absent in some hypermetropic patients with uncorrected vision. We found a high prevalence of abnormally low near points of accommodation and defective or absent stereopsis in both groups of patients.

Accommodation, Ocular↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in esotropia after occlusion therapy in patients with strabismic amblyopia.

Changes in esotropia were studied in 50 patients who had undergone full-time occlusion therapy for strabismic amblyopia to investigate the possibility that occlusion may have an influence on the amount of a preexisting esodeviation. Angle measurements of 21 esotropic patients with an alternating fixation behavior who had not been treated by occlusion served as comparative data. Under occlusion, either an increase or a decrease of five or more prism diopters in the strabismic angles occurred in 58% (29/50) at near fixation and in 62% (28/45) at distance fixation. The amounts of change in the deviations were noted to be significantly higher in the children under 42 months of age. In the group of alternating esotropes, 57% (12/21) showed either an increase or decrease of five or more prism diopters at near fixation, and 65% (13/20) at distance fixation. Since there was no significant difference between the means of these changes in both groups of patients, it is unlikely that occlusion, per se, caused the variations in ocular alignment observed in the patients with strabismic amblyopia.

Child↗