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Biomedical subjects

D Adler

Publications and source records attributed to D Adler.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Studies of dialysis patients using the 14C aminophenazone breath test].

In 12 endstage kidney disease patients (8 liver healthy and 4 with liver diseases) the activities of cytochrome P450-dependentmixed functional oxidases system (MFO) of the liver were studied by using the 14C-aminophenazon breath test before and after dialysis. We were interested in the influence of uremia and dialysis treatment on MFO-activity. Our results show that uremia seems to have a pressing influence on MFO-activity. The activity was only significantly increased after dialysis in the group of patients without liver disease. We observed that the MFO-activity was reduced in patients with liver diseases. This is a restriction of the liver metabolic demethylation capacity. It is unclear if the 14C-aminophenazone breath test in dialysis patients is qualified to estimate metabolic capacity of the liver. Differentiation between the influence of uremia and of the liver disease on the alteration of MFO-activity cannot be made.

Aminopyrine↗
PubMed1988

[Absence of polymorphism in individual response to the dihydropyridines nifedipine and (+/-)-nicardipine].

Nifedipine, the dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist prototype, is characterized by wide variability of its hepatic first-pass metabolism and individual response. This could be due to a new genetic polymorphism of drug metabolism, and this hypothesis was investigated in a randomized and cross-over population study in normal volunteers (n = 80). The kinetics and effects of an oral dose of nifedipine (10 mg) and (+/-)-nicardipine (20 mg), a second generation derivative with presumed different biotransformation routes, were evaluated at 0, 1, 2 and 3 h. The two drugs displayed a similar pharmacodynamic profile in terms of heart rate and blood pressure. The observed frequency distributions showed no asymmetry or bimodality suggesting polymorphism. The frequency of headaches and flushes were 21/80 and 19/80 respectively for nifedipine and (+/-)-nicardipine. At the doses administered nifedipine and (+/-)-nicardipine show the same efficacy. This study does not confirm the presence of polymorphism in the response to these dihydropyridines.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical picture and possible causes of functional disorders of the parotid gland in radioiodine therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer].

The parotid gland function was examined in 31 patients with thyroid carcinoma treated with radio-iodine. Beside enhanced values of sodium concentration, protein concentration and alpha-amylase activity following each therapy, a continuous reduction of flow rate and alpha-amylase activity is found according to the cumulative total dose. The importance of glandular kallikrein und phosphohexoseisomerase (PHI) are discussed with regard to their possible role in glandular damage. A comparison is made with chronic recurrent parotitis, and therapeutical aspects are considered. On the whole the present investigation shows that radio-iodine therapy causes damage to the parotid gland, which normally leads to measurable effects after cumulative doses of 470 mCi.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1987

Modeling mechanical alternans in the beating heart: advantages of a systems-oriented approach.

A model employing an original discrete method is proposed to explain mechanical alternans in the beating heart. This is compared with analysis using the difference-equation method, which has been utilized in some other areas of science and found to better represent the cardiac beat-to-beat behavior. The model shows the critical role of a slope with an exact value of 2 in the functional dependence between stroke volume (SV) and the end-diastolic volume (EDV). The implications of this model with respect to the factors causing sustained mechanical alternans (SMA) in the heart are shown. A criterion for determining whether SMA is caused by variations in EDV is described. However, this possibility is ruled out on the basis of experimental findings. It is further shown that SMA caused primarily by alterations in the contractile state leads to secondary variations in EDV. In this case the model predicts that the mean slope of SV as a function of EDV, as determined by the two alternating beats, has a value of 2 and is independent of the SV-EDV relation. This prediction concerning the relationship between SV and EDV is confirmed by available experimental data. The implications and advantages of the modeling approaches are explored.

Heart↗
PubMed1987

A three-level amplitude discriminator for the separation of multi-unit electrophysiological information.

A device is described that consists of two parallel, three-level differential amplitude discriminators suitable for the selection of electrophysiological data. The present device has been designed for simplicity of construction and operation. The unit allows for a visualisation of the selected levels in precise relationship to the input signal oscilloscope channel. The design eliminates the possibility that a lower level will exceed a higher level. The resulting ease with which complex multi-unit electrophysiological data may be discriminated for analysis using the three digital reference level outputs, makes this instrument suitable for a wide range of electrophysiological experiments.

Electrophysiology↗
PubMed1987

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: electronic thermography as an aid in diagnosis.

Reflex sympathetic dystrophies can be distressing conditions for patients as well as physicians. In the full-blown case, the diagnosis is easy to make; however, many more subtle forms of reflex sympathetic dystrophy exist. In the full-blown case, diagnosis may be quite simple when the physical findings are present. In the more subtle forms, however, one must have a high index of suspicion in order to make the diagnosis. Clinical testing, such as stellate ganglion blocks, may or may not be helpful. Electronic infrared thermography emerges as a helpful tool in the aid to diagnosis. We have presented several cases in order to illustrate this.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The effect of chronic ethanol consumption on salivary gland morphology and function in the rat.

Chronic ethanol consumption in rats resulted in a striking fat accumulation in the acinar cells of the parotid gland demonstrated by light microscopy. In addition, a significant decrease in parotid wet weight (p greater than 0.02) and in protein content of the gland (p greater than 0.02) was observed following alcohol feeding. Wet weight, protein content, and morphology of the submaxillar gland were not affected by ethanol feeding. Alcohol metabolism, similar to that found in the pancreas, via a cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase could be demonstrated in both the parotid and the submaxillar gland. However, the activity of this enzyme was not affected by chronic ethanol ingestion. Subsequently, chronic ethanol consumption significantly decreased salivary flow rate stimulated by pilocarpine hydrochloride (p greater than 0.02), salivary alpha-amylase activity (p greater than 0.02), and salivary sodium concentration (p greater than 0.01), whereas potassium concentration of the saliva was increased (p greater than 0.05). In contrast salivary total protein concentration was not affected by alcohol ingestion. The changes of salivary electrolyte composition observed after chronic ethanol feeding could be due to an altered aldosterone metabolism or to a change in aldosterone receptors of the parotid gland caused by ethanol administration. The reduced salivary flow could play a role in the pathogenesis of oropharyngeal cancer in the alcoholic.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1986

[Treatment of chronic recurring parotitis with the protease inhibitor aprotinin (trasylol)].

Excessive release of glandular kallikrein into the interstitial space around the salivary gland ducts plays a significant role in chronic recurrent parotitis. In the present study 26 patients suffering from acute exacerbated chronic recurrent parotitis were subjected to treatment with the kallikrein inhibitor aprotinin (Trasylol, Bayer AG). During the first hour of treatment 1 mio KIU Aprotinin were infused intravenously, followed by 250 000 KIU/h for another 35 h. Within 12 h after initiation of therapy in all patients we observed remission of pain. Salivary gland function which had been seriously impaired prior to therapy was found to be largely normalized within 48 h in most patients treated in this way. The success of this therapy schedule underlines the suggestion that glandular kallikrein is a trigger enzyme in the pathogenesis of chronic recurrent parotitis.

Aprotinin↗
PubMed1986

[Feasibility of DNA impulse cytophotometry (ICP) in the diagnosis of squamous cell cancers of the oral cavity and oropharynx].

DNA ploidy and the proportion of DNA-synthesized cells (number of S-phase fractions) were measured by DNA impulse cytophotometry in 39 patients with untreated carcinomas of the oral cavity and the oropharynx. 84.7% of the tumours of the oral cavity and 80.8% of the tumours of the oropharynx were DNA-aneuploid. The mean value of S-phase fractions of the carcinomas of the oral cavity was 9.18 +/- 4.82%, that of the oropharynx carcinomas was 9.16 +/- 5.85%. There was no correlation between the type of DNA ploidy or the number of S-phase fractions and the presence of regional metastases and the clinical outcome of the tumour diseases. A case report suggests that determination of the number of S-phase fractions may give important information on the prognosticable effect of cytostatic therapy. So pretherapeutic ICP determination might become helpful with regard to the indications for cytostatic therapy of oro-pharyngeal tumours.

Adult↗