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Biomedical subjects

D Adler

Publications and source records attributed to D Adler.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Limited function of the large salivary glands of the head. A new aspect for the etiopathogenesis of cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx and hypopharynx].

Function and morphology of the major salivary glands were investigated in patients suffering from carcinomas of the oral cavity, the oropharynx and the hypopharynx. In comparison to the results obtained from healthy control subjects, the tumour patients showed significantly decreased flow-rates of parotid and submandibular saliva. Furthermore the excretion of IgA, lysozyme and total protein and the pH-value in both, the parotid and the submandibular saliva of the patients was significantly lowered. The histological feature of the salivary glands of the patients was characterized by interstitial deposition of fat. In several cases a swelling and a degranulation of the acinar cells was observed additionally. Other patients showed an atrophy of the acinar cells. Sometimes an inflammatory reaction could also be noted in the submandibular and/or the parotid glands of patients suffering from head and neck cancer. The decreased salivary gland function reflects a reduction of the protective mechanisms of the oral cavity and the pharynx. Additionally it enables an increased penetration of environmental carcinogens through the mucous surface, and therefore has to be discussed as a factor for the etiology of carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

[Varicocele and fertility--spermiographic and histologic findings].

The results of the treatment of 251 patients with varicocele are demonstrated. By means of spermiographic and histologic investigations the fertility-disturbing influence of this vascular disease of the testis shall be proved and the effect of the operative sanation shall be estimated. For many years the high ligature of the testicular vein has been favoured method of operation; since 1984 exclusively the percutaneous transfemoral occlusion of the testicular vein has been performed, when a left-sided varicocele is present. In 61% of the patients examined an improvement of the spermiogram is to be proved, in which case the most conspicuous rate of increase lies at the motility of spermatozoa with 58%. After removal if the varicocele the investigations of the testicular tissue reveal in 42% of the cases an improvement of the findings by decrease of the tubular atrophy and increase of the tubular cell number. Among the number of our patients the rate of conception is 49%. The treatment of varicocele is a fertility-protective measure and therefore should be performed in all adolescents and males at fertile age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Kaposi's sarcoma of the larynx].

Kaposi's sarcoma of the larynx is a rarely observed manifestation of AIDS. Possible concomitant symptoms are hoarseness up to aphonia, urge to cough or stridor. Expectoration of small parts of tissue of Kaposi's sarcoma may be an additional sign. Similar to Kaposi's sarcoma in the oral cavity Kaposi's sarcoma of the larynx is characterised by a purplish, spongy nodule. Its surface can be verrucous due to deposits of dry secretion. Local extirpation of Kaposi's sarcoma removes the laryngeal signs and symptoms.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Model of mechanical alternans in the mammalian myocardium.

A model is proposed to elucidate the cause and mechanism of mechanical alternans in cardiac muscle in terms of discrete calcium movements. Mechanical alternans, the cause of which lies within the borders of excitation-contraction-coupling (ECC), is analyzed. In this case, the "input" of the ECC system (the action potentials and intervals) is constant while the "output" (contractile force) oscillates between two constant values, indicating that the system has a "memory" with two "internal states". It is proposed that these two "states" are associated with a part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum ("releasable terminal") containing the readily releasable calcium. A mechanism of "calcium-concentration-dependent threshold" is suggested to govern the "release function", i.e. the release of calcium from the "releasable terminal" to the myofilaments. The "release function" is analyzed in both the linear and the non-linear cases and its implication on the initiation of sustained and transient mechanical alternans are described. The dependence of mechanical alternans on a disturbance is also explained. The model response resembles the experimental observations of mechanical alternans in mammalian myocardium in the following manners: abrupt transition from low to high heart rates, slow progressive acceleration of rate, variations in persistence at subthreshold rates, effect of premature and delayed beat following the small and large beats, restitution curves, and transient mechanical alternans initiated by a delayed beat.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Model of calcium movements in the mammalian myocardium: interval-strength relationship.

A model is proposed to describe the interval-strength relationship in mammalian cardiac muscle in terms of "discrete" calcium movements associated with each cycle. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is assumed to be comprised of three functional sub-compartments: (1) The "main calcium store" which contains most of the calcium (predominantly bound) and is considered, due to its large buffering capacity, to account for the "long-term memory" lasting 7-10 beats. (2) The "releasable terminal" which contains the calcium readily available for release (all or most of it free) and accounts for the "short-term memory" which affects the subsequent beat. (3) The longitudinal network of the SR recirculating the myofibrillar calcium to the "main calcium store". The total content of calcium in the main store is determined by the transsarcolemmal influx and efflux. While influx occurs only during depolarization, efflux occurs during the whole cardiac cycle. The amount of free calcium in the main store is determined by an equilibrium equation. The release of calcium from the "releasable terminal" is governed by a "concentration-dependent" mechanism. This implies that when the concentration in the "releasable terminal" increases, the fraction released increases and the residual calcium left for the subsequent contraction decreases. The model predicts the following interval-strength relationships: steady state peak tension; changes from one steady rate to another; restitution curves; post-stimulation potentiation; paired stimulation; premature beats; post-extrasystolic potentiation following interpolated, basal or complimentary interval.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

New concepts in the treatment of chronic recurrent parotitis.

The release of glandular kallikrein into the interstitium of the parotid gland appears to play an important role in the occurrence of the inflammatory interstitial edema in chronic recurrent parotitis. This provides fresh impetus for the treatment of this parotid disease with a kallikrein inhibitor. In our present study, seven patients with acute exacerbated chronic recurrent parotitis were treated with the kallikrein inhibitor aprotinin (Trasylol, Bayer AG, Leverkusen). With this therapy all patients were free of pain 12 h after the start of the therapy and most salivary gland function had returned to normal by 48 h after beginning treatment. Within this period of time, concomitant swelling of the affected parotid gland disappeared completely in five patients and resolved in the other two patients after 1 week.

Aprotinin↗
PubMed1985

Isolation and characterization of two repetitive DNA fragments located near the centromere of the mouse X chromosome.

Two repetitive DNA fragments located on the mouse X chromosome are described. The fragments were isolated from a lambda phage library enriched in X-chromosomal sequences by flow sorting. Both fragments, which are repeated 20 to 50 times in the genome, were mapped to the mouse X chromosome by Southern blot hybridization to DNA from hybrid cells retaining the mouse X chromosome, by dosage analysis, and by in situ hybridization to mouse chromosomes. In mouse strain C57BL/10BK, one fragment appeared to be located only on the X chromosome, while the other fragment had homologous sequences on chromosome 11 in addition to the X chromosome. The latter fragment showed DNA variants between mouse strains, which are potentially useful for mapping. Both fragments cross-hybridized to another mouse species: Mus caroli. In this species, each fragment appeared to be located on the X chromosome, indicating that some X-chromosome repetitive sequences are partially conserved. In addition, one fragment cross-hybridized to human DNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Results following microsurgical epididymovasotomy].

The chance of refertilization in patients with obstructive azoospermia increases using microsurgical operation techniques. For the establishment of the therapeutic concept the excluding or confirming diagnosis of a distal obstruction of the spermatic canal by means of the preoperative vasovesiculography is necessary. In 19 patients with an obstruction in the transitional zone of epididymus and spermatic duct after epididymovasostomy the patency of the spermatic canals was achieved in 56% of the cases and a conception rate of 22%.

Constriction, Pathologic↗
PubMed1985

[Sarcoidosis (Boeck disease) of the parotid gland].

Involvement of the parotid gland with sarcoidosis occurs in 1-6% of the patients. In rare cases parotitis represents the initial clinical manifestation of sarcoidosis. In that case, the otorhinolaryngologist is usually the first to be confronted with this disease and may enable an early diagnosis and therapy. In the present paper a rare case of isolated sarcoidosis of the parotid gland is reported. The results obtained by different examination techniques are demonstrated and their relevance for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Spontaneous parotid gland infarct].

Infarction of the parotid gland after surgery is caused by local ischaemia of the glandular tissue. The pathohistological changes are similar to those of necrotizing sialometaplasia of the minor salivary glands. A case of spontaneous infarction of the parotid gland in a 77 year old man is presented. The clinical appearance, sialometric, sialochemical, sialographic, cytological and microscopic features are described. The similarity of the morphological pictures of necrotizing sialometaplasia and squamous cell carcinoma and the resulting difficulties for differential diagnosis are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Congenital chondroma of the larynx].

Cartilaginous tumours of the larynx are uncommon. For the first time, a case report of a congenital chondroma of the larynx in a two-day-old girl is presented. Only a few hours after birth the tumour caused inspiratory stridor and dyspnoea and secondarily pneumothorax and atelectasis of the lung. After intubation and tumour resection the atelectasis and the pneumothorax disappeared spontaneously. Chondromas of the larynx should be considered in different diagnosis of congenital anomalies of the larynx.

Arytenoid Cartilage↗
PubMed1984

Localization of cloned mouse chromosome 7-specific DNA to lethal albino deletions.

Mouse chromosome X- and 7-specific DNA fragments have been isolated from a recombinant DNA library enriched for X(7) chromosome sequences. The library was enriched by flow sorting the X(7) chromosome, a derivation of the Cattanach translocation, prior to library construction. A DNA fragment was found to be located in a region deleted in newborn mice doubly heterozygous for the two albino deletions c3H and c6H in chromosome 7. These chromosome-specific DNA fragments will be useful for studying X inactivation spreading in the X-autosome translocation (T(X;7) 1 Ct) and for investigating the developmental effects of the lethal albino deletions.

Albinism↗
PubMed1984

Salivary phosphohexoseisomerase activity in health and salivary gland diseases.

The attitude of phosphohexoseisomerase (PHI), a glycolytic enzyme, in parotid and submandibular saliva of healthy human control subjects of different sex and age was studied flow rate dependent. The results obtained from this group were compared to the PHI activity measured in the saliva of patients suffering from salivary gland diseases. Significantly elevated salivary PHI levels were found in chronic sialadenitis, while in sialadenosis, parotid gland infarction and parotid cysts the enzyme activity was within the normal range. Single patients suffering from parotid gland tumors showed elevated PHI values. A possible role of salivary PHI activity for the differential diagnosis of salivary gland diseases is discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1984

The pattern of illness in pairs of psychotic siblings.

The authors describe the results of a blind rediagnosis, with DSM-III criteria, of psychotic siblings who were originally diagnosed as schizophrenic when reported by Zehnder in 1940. The distribution in sibling pairs of patients meeting criteria for affective illness and schizophrenia differed significantly from chance expectation, suggesting that, from a familial perspective, the two disorders were not closely related. However, the distribution of patients diagnosed as having schizoaffective disorder resembled that found for schizophrenia and not affective illness. Using several sets of diagnostic criteria, the authors found a moderate degree of familial independence for paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia.

Age Factors↗