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D Arnaud

Publications and source records attributed to D Arnaud.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

A-raf oncogene localizes on mouse X chromosome to region some 10-17 centimorgans proximal to hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase gene.

The localization of the A-raf cellular oncogene on the mouse X chromosome has been determined using Xbal-restricted DNAs prepared from progeny of an interspecies backcross between the B6.CBA.R1 and the Spe/Pas mouse strains. This localization to the proximal part of the mouse X chromosome has been confirmed by the use of somatic cell hybrids, carrying partially deleted X chromosomes and suggests that the A-raf oncogene localizes to a region lying some 10-17 centimorgans proximal to the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (Hprt) gene between the locus DXPas4 and the locus DXPas7 defined by the cross-reacting human X chromosome-specific probe DXS32 (M2C). This localization on the mouse X chromosome is compatible with the presence of the A-raf oncogene on the short arm of the human X chromosome between the centromere and Xp21.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Pulmonary edema after laryngospasm].

A case is reported of rapidly resolving pulmonary oedema following post-extubation laryngospasm in a 23 year-old healthy man who underwent emergency resection of a rectal polyp. The laryngospasm occurred immediately after extubation and resolved after administration of curare. The patient was reintubated and auscultation disclosed bilateral coarse and moist rales. Chest X-ray displayed a right pulmonary opacity. Because of the deteriorating respiratory status, mechanical ventilation was used with positive end-expiratory pressure for 18 h. Chest examination, chest X-ray and arterial blood gas levels improved steadily and the patient was discharged 24 h later. Pulmonary oedema associated with upper airway obstruction seems to be related to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and the largely subatmospheric transpulmonary pressure gradients generated while trying to breathe against a closed glottis. In addition, this increased negative intra-alveolar pressure was responsible for significant changes in cardiovascular function: right ventricular blood volume, right ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular after-load increased, while left ventricular ejection fraction decreased. These changes favoured a rise in left atrial and pulmonary blood volumes, with transudation of fluid from the capillaries into the alveoli. Because of the severe consequences of respiratory failure, any patient who suffers acute upper airway obstruction should be observed in the recovery room for at least 3 h in order not to miss this rarely developing, but fortunately rapidly reversible, syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Characterization of a panel of somatic cell hybrids for regional mapping of the mouse X chromosome.

A panel of five hybrid cell lines containing mouse X chromosomes with various deletions has been obtained by fusing splenocytes from male mice carrying one of a series of reciprocal X-autosome translocations with the azaguanine-resistant Chinese hamster cell line CH3g. These hybrids have been extensively characterized by using the allozymes hypoxanthine/guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (encoded by the Hprt locus) and alpha-galactosidase (Ags) and a series of 11 X-chromosome-specific DNA probes whose localization had been previously established by linkage studies. Such studies have established the genetic breakpoints of the T(X;12)13Rl and T(X;2)14Rl X-autosome translocations on the X chromosome and provided additional information as to the X-chromosome genetic breakpoints of the T(X;16)16H, T(X;4)7Rl, and T(X;7)6Rl translocations. The data establish clearly that both the T(X;4)7Rl and T(X;12)13Rl X-chromosome breakpoints are proximal to Hprt, the breakpoint of the former being more centromeric, lying as it does in the 9-centimorgan interval between the ornithine transcarbamoylase (Otc) and DXPas7 (M2C) loci. Similarly, it is now clear that the T(X;16)16H X-autosome translocation breakpoint lies distal to the DXPas8 (St14-1) locus, narrowing the X-chromosome breakpoint down to a region flanked proximally by this marker and representing, as expected from previous data, the distal quarter of the Hprt-Ta subchromosomal span. These five hybrid cell lines provide, with the previously characterized EBS4 hybrid cell line, a nested series of seven mapping intervals distributed along the length of the mouse X chromosome. Their characterization not only allows further correlation of the genetic and cytological X-chromosome maps but also should permit the rapid identification of DNA probes specific for particular regions of the mouse X chromosome.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Detailed ordering of markers localizing to the Xq26-Xqter region of the human X chromosome by the use of an interspecific Mus spretus mouse cross.

Five probes localizing to the Xq26-Xqter region of the human X chromosome have been genetically mapped on the mouse X chromosome using an interspecific cross involving Mus spretus to a contiguous region lying proximally to the Tabby (Ta) locus. Pedigree and recombinational analysis establish the marker order as being Hprt-FIX-c11-G6PD-St14-1. The size of this contiguous region is such that the X-linked muscular dystrophy (mdx) mouse mutation probably maps within this segment. This in turn suggests that it is highly improbable that the mouse mdx locus represents a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). It is, however, compatible with the idea that this mutation may correspond in man to Emery Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. The high frequency of restriction fragment length polymorphisms found in this interspecific system for all the human cross-reacting probes examined up until now, using only a limited number of restriction enzymes, suggests that the Mus spretus mapping system may be of great potential value for establishing the linkage relationships existing in man when conserved chromosomal regions are concerned and human/mouse cross-reacting probes are available or can be obtained.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Mapping the mouse X chromosome: possible symmetry in the location of a family of sequences on the mouse X and Y chromosomes.

Major advances in our knowledge of the genetic organization of the mouse X chromosome have been obtained by the use of interspecific crosses involving Mus spretus-derived strains. This system has been used to study sequences detected by three probes 80Y/B, 302Y/B and 371Y/B isolated from a mouse Y-chromosome library which have been shown to recognize both male-female common and male-female differential sequences. These patterns are due to the presence of a family of cross-reacting sequences on the mouse X and Y chromosomes. Detailed genetic analysis of the localization of the X-chromosome-specific sequences using both a somatic cell hybrid panel and an interspecific mouse cross has revealed the presence of at least three discrete clusters of loci (X-Y)A, (X-Y)B and (X-Y)C. Two of these clusters, (X-Y)B and (X-Y)C, lie distally on the mouse X chromosome, the other cluster (X-Y)A being situated close to the centromere. In situ hybridization shows a striking symmetry in the localization of the major sequences on both the X and Y chromosomes detected by these probes, hybridization being preferentially localized to a subcentromeric and subtelomeric region on each chromosome. This striking localization symmetry between the X and Y chromosome sequences is discussed in terms of the extensive pairing of the X-Y chromosomes noted during meiosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Polyomavirus-transformed FR 3T3 rat cells are able to form metastases in syngeneic rats.

A series of polyomavirus-transformed FR 3T3 rat cell lines were tested for their tumorigenic and metastatic properties after subcutaneous inoculation of syngeneic Fisher rats. All of them grew into tumors, which appeared with variable latency periods; the TD50 varied from cell line to cell line. Eight of the 18 transformants that were inoculated gave rise to metastases, always localized in the lung. The capacity to form metastases, though at a low frequency, was also conferred on FR 3T3 cells upon transformation with a recombinant plasmid encoding only the middle-T protein. Fibroblast-like cells were predominantly observed upon histological examination of the metastases. Culture cell lines were derived from independent tumors and metastases induced by two transformants with low and high metastatic potentials, respectively. Metastasis-derived cell lines exhibited metastatic potentials similar to those of the respective original transformants. All the tumor- and metastasis-derived cell lines synthesized the same early viral polypeptides as the respective original transformants; in contrast, the viral DNA integrations evolved during tumor and metastasis formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Mapping of the mouse X chromosome using random genomic probes and an interspecific mouse cross.

Two libraries enriched in murine X chromosome material have been constructed in the lambda vector NM 1149 from flow-sorted chromosomes. Inserts of unique genomic sequence DNA were purified and their X chromosome specificity characterised by hybridisation to a panel of somatic cell hybrid lines. Of the first five such X chromosome-specific probes characterised, all detect restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) between inbred mouse laboratory strains such as C57BL/6 and BALB/c and the SPE/Pas mouse strain established from a wild Mus spretus mouse, when their DNAs are digested with the restriction enzyme TaqI. Taking advantage of these RFLPs, all five probes have been localised on the X chromosome using an interspecific backcross between the B6CBARI and SPE/Pas mouse strains segregating the X chromosome markers hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (Hprt) and Tabby (Ta). Three of the probes map to the region between the centromere and Hprt, and two distal to Ta. Since such X-specific sequence probes detect RFLPs between M. spretus and M. musculus domesticus DNAs with high frequency, a large panel of well localised probes should soon be available for studies of biological problems associated with the X chromosome which can best be approached using the murine species.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Developmentally regulated cell surface structures on mouse and human embryonal carcinoma cell lines.

Three monoclonal antibodies 5.1.H, 8.7.D and 13.7.A raised against semi-purified Tera 1 membrane fractions recognize distinct onco-foetal antigens which are developmentally regulated on cells such as Tera 2 clone 13 and appear to be restricted in their expression to undifferentiated ectoblastic cells and certain organized cystic structures mimicking the foetal intestine. These antigens, absent from normal adult tissues, differ markedly from glycosidic stage-specific antigens such as 75.12 which, while functioning as embryonal carcinoma differentiation markers, are also expressed on certain adult tissues. No evidence for a role of fucosyltransferases in regulating either 75.12 or SSEA-1 antigen expression on embryonal carcinoma cells or for the presence of lectin-like structures recognizing these antigens on such cells was found.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

An immunoradiometric assay for factor VIII related antigen (VIIIRAg) using two monoclonal antibodies-comparison with polyclonal rabbit antibodies for use in von Willebrand's disease diagnosis.

Two monoclonal antibodies raised against FVIII/von Willebrand protein were used in an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) to measure this antigen in normal plasma and plasma of patients with different forms of von Willebrand's disease. The first antibody, an IgG1, was used to coat polystyrene tubes, the second one, an IgG2a, iodinated and used in the second step. Both antibodies inhibit ristocetin induced platelet agglutination and react strongly with platelets, megakaryocytes and endothelial cells. The IRMA test using these antibodies showed greater sensitivity than that using rabbit polyclonal anti VIIIRAg antibodies. A good correlation between the two tests was nevertheless found when VIIIRAg was measured in the majority of patient's plasma. However 5 patients from 3 different families showed more antigenic material in the rabbit antibody IRMA than in the monoclonal antibody IRMA. It is suggested therefore that the monoclonal antibodies identify part of the VIIIR:Ag molecule showing structural abnormalities in these vWd patients, these structural changes remaining undetected by the polyclonal antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Definition of three species-specific monoclonal antibodies recognizing antigenic structures present on human embryonal carcinoma cells which undergo modulation during in vitro differentiation.

Three novel species-specific monoclonal antibodies 5.1.H, 8.7.D and 13.7.A raised against semi-purified detergent solubilized fractions of the Tera 1 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell line are restricted in their in vitro distribution to undifferentiated human EC cell lines. Competition experiments have established that distinct antigenic specificities are seen by the 3 different monoclonal antibodies. All 3 antigens 5.1.H, 8.7.D and 13.7.A, defined by these monoclonal antibodies, undergo developmental regulation and cease to be expressed on Tera 2 clones 5 and 12 after retinoic-acid-induced differentiation and on LICR LON HT 39/7 cells after phorbol-ester-induced differentiation. These results taken together with the extremely limited in vivo tissue distribution of the defined antigens suggest that the 5.1.H, 8.7.D and 13.7.A monoclonal antibodies define distinct onco-foetal antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Cell lines derived from tumors induced in syngeneic rats by FR 3T3 SV40 transformants no longer synthesize the early viral proteins.

Several SV40-transformed FR 3T3 rat cell lines formed tumors upon inoculation to syngeneic immunocompetent Fisher rats. These tumors, which appeared only after a long latency period, showed a fast rate of growth. Tumor-derived (TD) cell lines were established in culture from several tumors induced by independent transformants, and their properties were analyzed. Though TD cells were highly tumorigenic, their level of transformation in culture was similar to that of the original transformants. They did not synthesize detectable amounts of the two early viral gene products, the large-T and small-T polypeptides. However, the transformation-associated cellular p53 protein was detected in all of them by [35S]methionine labeling and immune precipitation with monoclonal antibodies directed against the mouse p53. Growth in the animal apparently counterselected the cells expressing the early viral proteins, and hence, possibly, the tumor-specific transplantation antigen. This selection was mediated at least in part by the T-cell immune response, as the tumors induced by the same transformants in nu/nu mice still expressed the nuclear T-antigen. Absence of expression of the early viral region was frequently correlated with the loss of the integrated SV40 DNA. Some tumors, however, still contained early viral DNA sequences, which were, in even fewer cases, transcribed into RNA. These results altogether suggest that tumor formation by the FR 3T3-SV40 transformed cells in immunocompetent rats requires two events, the selection for the acquisition of a high tumorigenic potential, and against the expression of the early viral genes. Only the first of these two events was observed upon tumor formation in nude mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Three monoclonal antibodies defining distinct differentiation antigens associated with different high molecular weight polypeptides on the surface of human embryonal carcinoma cells.

Two monoclonal antibodies (TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81) recognizing distinct cell surface antigens on human embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells were produced and characterized. These antibodies reacted strongly with undifferentiated human EC cells in indirect radioimmunoassays (RIA) and immunofluorescence (IF) assays, but only weakly or not at all with cells derived from pluripotent EC cells differentiating in vitro or in xenograft tumors, nor with other germ cell tumor cell lines that did not also express the typical features of human EC cells. They did not react with murine teratocarcinoma cell lines. A survey of other human tumor cell lines and normal human tissues disclosed that molecules recognized by these antibodies are not confined to human EC cells but that cross-reacting epitopes appear on several neoplastic and normal tissues, although in a different anatomical pattern for each antibody. Both antibodies immunoprecipitated a major polypeptide (apparent molecular weight approximately 240,000) and a minor polypeptide (apparent molecular weight approximately 415,000) from lysates of 125I surface-labeled human EC cells, in this respect resembling another monoclonal antibody, 8-7D, previously described by Blaineau et al. (1,2) However, sequential immunoprecipitation revealed that each of the three antibodies reacted with different molecules of slightly different molecular weights. The epitopes defined by the present antibodies differ from those recognized by the other human EC cell-specific monoclonal antibodies that have been described and provide new markers for studying the differentiation of pluripotent human EC cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Monoclonal antibodies against the human factor VIII von Willebrand molecule: characterization and potential for screening of von Willebrand patients.

Two new monoclonal antibodies (M.Abs) 4F91C5 and 202D3 which are capable of inhibiting ristocetin cofactor activity have been raised against high molecular weight detergent denatured Factor VIII/von Willebrand preparations. Characterized in a simple solid phase radioimmune binding assay (RIA) the binding activity of the two M.Abs can be shown to be absorbed by normal plasma, and plasma from type A hemophilia patients but not by plasma from patients suffering from severe von Willebrand disease. Both monoclonal antibodies are capable of inhibiting strongly the FVIII.vWF associated ristocetin cofactor activity. Competition radioimmune assays have shown that the two monoclonal antibodies recognize different epitopes on the Factor VIII/vWF molecule. This has been confirmed by the differential binding of the two M.Abs observed to monkey plasma. Whilst inhibition curves for the two M.Abs with normal plasma and FVIII/vWF preparations in solid phase RIA are similar, quite different reactivities with commercially available F VIII preparations have been found. The high sensitivity of these reagents for the FVIII/vWF molecule and their ability to inhibit strongly the associated biological activity suggest the potential usefulness of these monoclonal antibodies as diagnostic reagents.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The glycosidic antigen recognised by a novel monoclonal antibody, 75.12, is developmentally regulated on mouse embryonal carcinoma cells.

Monoclonal antibody 75.12 raised against the human ovarian teratocarcinoma cell line PA1 detects a 'Y' or iso-leb glycosidic structure. Using the 75.12 antibody we have established that the Y antigen is expressed on some but not all mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) lines. The Y or 75.12 antigen-positive EC cell lines F9 and PCC4 cease to express the antigen after differentiation induced with retinoic acid and this decreased expression parallels the morphological differentiation of the EC cells. These results support not only the idea that carbohydrate structures present on embryonic cells undergo marked alteration during differentiation, but also that established mouse EC cells may differ in their differentiation states.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Major H-2 and non-H-2 differences between parental strains prevent occurrence of fetectomy-induced yolk sac teratomas.

We performed fetectomies, according to the technique of Sobis and Vandeputte for the surgical induction of teratomas, in female mice mated with syngeneic, congeneic, or allogeneic males. Benign teratomas including multiple tissue formations derived from the three germinal layers were observed only in syngeneic pregnancies. In addition, the frequency of induced teratomas was lower in some strains (A/Sn, A . By, and A . SW) than in others (A . CA, B10 . A, C57BL/6, and C3H/He). This variable frequency may be explained by postulating the existence of fetal, strain-specific antigens. In hybrid pregnancies we observed no complete teratomas, but only cartilaginous formations considered as vestiges of early teratoma differentiation. The maternal immune reaction against either major (H-2) or minor (non-H-2) paternal histocompatibility antigens was sufficient to suppress the development of teratomas from visceral yolk sac of hybrid fetuses. This reaction, including both a serological and a cell-mediated activity, was measured in vitro. These results suggest that a maternal immune reaction is not efficiently altered by the normal first half of pregnancy and that differentiated teratoma tissues express the paternal antigens sufficiently to induce their immune rejection.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

New radioisotopic method for evaluation of the healing potential of a fracture.

A new radioisotopic method for the evaluation of the healing potential of a fracture is developed in this paper. The centromedullary circulation in the bone is visualized under general anaesthesia by means of pertechnetate 99TcmO4 injected into the distal metaphysis of the tibia. Twenty-two patients with an average age of 25 years have had this examination. All suffered from a fracture of the leg with a worrying evolution. Isotopic osteomedullography has shown that the resumption of centromedullary circulation was the most favourable factor for good healing of the fracture. When the examination is positive, it seems advisable to wait until the focus is healed even if the clinical and/or radiographic survey are not in accordance, but when there is no resumption of the centromedullary circulation a pseudoarthrosis may well result. As the reliability of this technique is satisfactory, it should be used when doubt remains about healing of a fracture.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of thiourea on intracranial bone tumour formation in AkR mice.

The effect of administration of thiourea (5 g/kg in diet) alone or simultaneously with thyroxine (1 mg/l in drinking water) on the frequency of hyperplastic benign osteoma of the skull was studied in AkR mice. Animals treated with both thiourea and thyroxine were in hyperthyroidism: the thyroxine dose received was higher that that required to prevent thiourea-induced thyroid gland hypertrophy. A significant increase of the intracranial bone tumour (IBT) frequency was observed both in mice treated with thiourea alone and those which received thiourea and thyroxine simultaneously. Increase of IBT frequency was not due to the antithyroid effect of thiourea but seems due to a direct toxic action of thiourea on the pituitary.

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