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Biomedical subjects

D Boone

Publications and source records attributed to D Boone.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Short-chain fatty acids induce intestinal epithelial heat shock protein 25 expression in rats and IEC 18 cells.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Because short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and heat shock proteins (hsps) confer protection to intestinal epithelia cells (IECs), we studied whether SCFAs modulate IEC hsp expression. METHODS: Hsp 25, hsp72, and hsc73 protein expression in rat intestinal tissues and IEC-18 cells were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Cell survival under conditions of oxidant stress (monochloramine) was determined using (51)Cr release in hsp25 cDNA anti-sense and sense-transfected cells expressing minimal and increased hsp25, respectively. RESULTS: Butyrate induces a time- and concentration-dependent increase in hsp25, but not hsp72 or hsc73, protein expression in rat IEC-18 cells but not 3T3 fibroblasts. Other SCFAs, including the poorly metabolized isobutyate, also induced selective expression of hsp25. Butyrate treatment significantly improved the ability of IEC-18 cells to withstand oxidant (monochloramine) injury. This effect could be blocked in cells in which hsp25 induction by butyrate was blocked by stable hsp25 antisense transfection. Additionally, hsp25-transfected overexpressing IEC-18 cells showed increased resistance to monochloramine. In vivo, increasing dietary fiber increased colonic, but not proximal, ileal hsp25 while having no effect on hsp72 or hsc73 expression. CONCLUSIONS: SCFAs, the predominant anions of colonic fluid derived from bacterial flora metabolism of luminal carbohydrates, protect IECs against oxidant injury, an effect mediated in part by cell-specific hsp25 induction.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1999

The surface density of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunopositive astrocytic processes in the rat supraoptic nucleus is reversibly altered by dehydration and rehydration.

Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) have provided evidence that retraction and extension of astrocytic processes from between magnocellular neuroendocrine cells (MNCs) likely plays a role in the release of oxytocin, and/or vasopressin, that accompanies parturition, lactation and dehydration. The present study estimates the surface density (Sv) of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactivity, predominantly in astrocytic processes, in the SON of normally hydrated, dehydrated and rehydrated rats. The Sv of GFAP processes in dehydrated rats was significantly reduced compared with control levels. Rehydration returned Sv to control levels. The reversible reduction in Sv indicates that the previously observed reduction in optical density is due to a rearrangement of astrocyte processes in the SON which occurs at the same time as the selective functional activation of MNCs.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Internal consistency reliability of the Personality Assessment Inventory with psychiatric inpatients.

Internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha) estimates and standard errors of measurement were determined for the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991) with a group of psychiatric inpatients (N = 111). Full-scale reliabilities were large and acceptable, averaging .82. Subscale reliabilities were lower, averaging .66. Reliability estimates for full scales and subscales were comparable to those reported for the clinical portion of the PAI standardization group. Of the 20 full scales examined, only 2 (Somatization and Paranoia) had reliabilities (.85 and .80, respectively) that were significantly lower than comparable values reported for the standardization group. Despite statistically significant differences, these values were still considered large and acceptable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Prosthesis evaluation questionnaire for persons with lower limb amputations: assessing prosthesis-related quality of life.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a self-report questionnaire for persons with lower limb amputations who use a prosthesis. The resulting scales were intended to be suitable to evaluate the prosthesis and life with the prosthesis. The conceptual framework was health-related quality of life. DESIGN: Multiple steps of scale development, terminating with test-retest of the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ) by mail. SOURCE OF SAMPLE: Records from two Seattle hospitals. PATIENTS: Ninety-two patients with lower limb amputations who varied by age, reason for amputation, years since amputation, and amputation level. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The 10 scales used were 4 prosthesis function scales (Usefulness, Residual Limb Health, Appearance, and Sounds), 2 mobility scales (Ambulation and Transfers), 3 psychosocial scales (Perceived Responses, Frustration, and Social Burden), and 1 Well-being scale. Validation measures were the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36, the Social Interaction subscale from the Sickness Impact Profile, and the Profile of Mood States-short form. RESULTS: Nine PEQ scales demonstrated high internal consistency. All met test-retest criteria for comparing group results. Validity was described based on methods used to gather original items, distribution of scores, and comparison of scores with criterion variables. CONCLUSIONS: The PEQ scales displayed good psychometric properties. Future work will assess responsiveness of PEQ scales to changes in prosthetic components. We conclude that they will be useful in evaluation of prosthetic care.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1998

Computed tomography for evaluating blunt abdominal trauma in the low-volume nondesignated trauma center: the procedure of choice?

BACKGROUND: Scepticism has been expressed regarding the accuracy of computed tomography for evaluating patients with blunt abdominal trauma in low-volume institutions. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage has been suggested as a more reliable method, and recently ultrasound has been proposed as a quick alternative. We sought to determine the accuracy of computed tomography at our low-volume center, which lacks 24-hour, in-house computed tomography dedicated radiologists. METHODS: A prospective case series of patients who had computed tomographic evaluation requested for suspected blunt abdominal trauma were enrolled over a 1-year study period. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients were enrolled. Injuries were identified in 12 patients, six of whom required intervention. The diagnostic accuracies for the detection of injury were 86% and 90.5% for radiology residents and attending radiologists, respectively. The likelihood ratios for the detection of an injury requiring intervention were identical for both groups of interpreters and were 0.17 for negative result and 35.6 for positive result. CONCLUSION: The accuracy of computed tomography for evaluating blunt abdominal trauma at a low-volume institution is comparable to that reported from higher-volume centers and may be the procedure of choice, averting the expected higher incidence of nontherapeutic laparotomy attendant with more widespread application of diagnostic peritoneal lavage and the missed injuries that may be expected from the occasional ultrasonographer.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1995

Differential validity of the MMPI-2 Subtle and Obvious scales with psychiatric inpatients: scale 2.

The construct and concurrent validity of the MMPI-2 Scale 2 Subtle and Obvious scales were examined for a group of 67 psychiatric inpatients. Validity coefficients for the Obvious scale were uniformly greater than those for the Full and Subtle scales. Subtle scale validity coefficients were negative and attenuated the validity of the Full clinical scale. Use of Obvious items resulted in more accurate prediction of assessed suicide risk, while inclusion of the Subtle items did not add any useful information in the prediction of assessed suicide risk or psychiatric diagnosis. It is recommended that future research that uses the MMPI-2 basic clinical scales examine the differential validity of the Subtle and Obvious scales.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Reliability of the MMPI-2 Subtle and Obvious scales with psychiatric inpatients.

Internal consistency reliability estimates were determined for the Wiener and Harmon (1948) Subtle and Obvious scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) with a group of psychiatric inpatients. Except for Subtle Scale 3 (Hy), Subtle scale reliabilities were unacceptably low, ranging from .32 to .59. In each case, inclusion of the Subtle items attenuated the reliability of the corresponding Full clinical scale. Removing the Subtle items resulted in comparable reliabilities across all Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) scales, ranging from .75 to .92. It was hypothesized that the poor reliability of the Subtle scales may attenuate the validity of the Full clinical scales.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1991

Predicting with the MMPI the adjustment of juvenile delinquents to institutionalization: does gender make a difference?

Relationships between Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scales and criteria were evaluated to determine if the MMPI is gender biased when considering a juvenile delinquent population. The MMPI was administered to 549 juvenile delinquents: 105 Black men, 37 Black women, 331 White men, and 76 White women. In addition, behavioral and rating measures were collected; they served as adjustment criteria. Except for the criterion assessing neurotic symptomatology, equations that regressed criteria on MMPI scales neither underpredicted nor overpredicted for a gender. The MMPI tended to underpredict ratings of neurotic symptomatology for women. Significant differences in correlation coefficients for Black men and women occurred for the behavioral, nonrating criteria. Scale 4 was the best predictor for Black men, whereas Scales, 8, F, 1, and 2 tended to be the best predictors for Black women. Some possible explanations for these results are offered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Use of the modified WAIS-R with psychiatric inpatients: a caution.

Use of the Modified WAIS-R described by Cella in 1984 with psychiatric inpatients was criticized on several grounds. First, the modification did not accurately identify areas of relative cognitive strength and weakness. An accuracy rate of 49% was considered unacceptable for interpretation of individual profiles, the task the WAIS-RM was originally designed to perform. Second, use of the WAIS-RM does not significantly reduce total administration time. For the majority of 70 psychiatric inpatients, at least 80% of the WAIS-R items would be administered, resulting in saving just fifteen minutes. Finally, an inpatient's confidence and motivation to perform well could be compromised by skipping earlier, easier items. Administration of the full WAIS-R battery is recommended if a discussion of relative strengths and weaknesses is desired.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Leukocyte immunophenotyping by flow cytometry in a multisite study: standardization, quality control, and normal values in the Transfusion Safety Study. The Transfusion Safety Study Group.

The Transfusion Safety Study (TSS) is a multicenter, cooperative investigation of factors that may determine the occurrence and modify the expression of transfusion-transmitted infections. A flow cytometry laboratory was established in each of the six participating centers in order to avoid alterations in cell phenotypes which may be caused by shipping delays, temperature changes, and handling. As a consequence, in order to assure compatibility of results, stringent standardization, quality control, and proficiency testing procedures were developed. This paper documents (i) the effect of time from phlebotomy to specimen staining and then to analysis for the antibodies used in the study; (ii) the effects of variations in light scatter cursor location for certain antibodies; (iii) a quality control program and data management and analysis system, each specifically designed for the study; and (iv) presents extensive data on age- and sex-related reference (normal) ranges for the several individual and paired monoclonal antibodies used in the study. Problems encountered, including obtaining reliable absolute lymphocyte counts, interference by nucleated erythrocytes, and sources of variability in results, are discussed. This study is meant to serve as a reference for future TSS publications.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1989

The validity and reliability of photographic documentation of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

The Silicone Study is a multicentered, randomized surgical trial designed to compare the tamponade effectiveness of silicone oil versus long-acting gas in the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) by vitrectomy and associated techniques. Fundus photographs are taken to provide documentation of the anatomic status of eyes proposed for entry and are graded at an independent Reading Center. This article describes the protocol for photographic documentation of PVR as a continuum of increasing pathology, in which the pathology may only be present in the anterior retina, and the retina is usually highly elevated. In a validity and reliability study, agreement between photographic and clinical observation within one step was obtained for 88% of the eyes; intra- and inter-observer agreement within one step was 85 and 80%, respectively. Differences between the surgeon's grade and the Reading Center's were caused about equally by disagreement regarding extent of fixed folds and width of the funnel. Rarely did peripheral folds not visible in the photographs appear to be the sole explanation of the disagreement. Differences among readers were concerned mainly with differentiation of true full-thickness fixed folds from folds due to simple redundancy of the detached retina. These results demonstrate that complicated retinal detachment (RD) can be photographically documented and independently assessed.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1988

Immunophenotypes by flow cytometry: a longitudinal study in healthy individuals.

Weekly blood samples from five healthy volunteers were obtained for 13 weeks to assess the variations in the immunological phenotypes of peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes. Monoclonal antibodies to eleven lymphocyte and two monocyte antigens were evaluated using two-color flow cytometry. Average week-to-week differences were less than 5% for all monoclonal antibodies and combinations except for I2+, NKH-1+, MO1+, and MO2+ cells. The observed variations presumably reflected both technical variables and responses of the immune system to daily environmental insults.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Lymphocyte surface phenotypes in pernicious anemia.

Because an immunological defect of an unknown nature is thought to be a factor in the pathogenesis of pernicious anemia, we studied lymphocyte surface phenotypes in 40 patients and compared them with 113 healthy controls. The only significant difference that emerged was in their slightly decreased number and proportion of surface immunoglobulin (lambda chain) -bearing cells. Of specific interest, the numbers of OKT4+ and OKT8+ lymphocytes and the T4+/T8+ ratios were not significantly different from control values. A sizable minority of patients had increased ratios, while a smaller number had decreased values. No explanation or identifying feature was apparent for those patients with either increased or decreased T4+/T8+ ratios. (One patient with a very low ratio, who was excluded from our analysis, developed acquired immune deficiency syndrome.) No differences were apparent in T4+/T8+ ratios or any other lymphocyte surface phenotypic characteristics when patients were segregated by presence of anti-intrinsic factor antibody or anti-parietal cell antibody, or by race, sex, or age. Our results in a racially heterogeneous group of patients do not support the suggestion that T4+/T8+ ratios are usually abnormal in prenicious anemia or that the presence of anti-intrinsic factor antibody is associated with such abnormality.

Anemia, Pernicious↗
PubMed1986

An animal model for fungal peritonitis: evaluation of therapeutic options.

An animal model for fungal peritonitis was developed and is described. This model was used to compare various therapeutic options for Candida albicans peritonitis. Twenty-four rabbits were treated on three different protocols. Results from these protocols confirm the clinical observation that removal of the catheter is necessary for successful treatment of fungal peritonitis. Further, the combination of catheter replacement and imidazole anti-fungal therapy appears to be curative in this animal model, and suggests that by using this protocol, discontinuation of peritoneal dialysis may not be necessary.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Morphometric analysis of dysplasia in cervical cone biopsy specimens in cases with false-negative cytology.

Conization specimens with a histologic diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III were reviewed with respect to cytology findings in the three months preceding conization. In 29% of the cases, one or more false-negative cytology reports preceded conization. No dysplastic cells were found on review of the false-negative cytology slides from these cases. Morphometric analysis of surface dysplasia in the conization specimens was performed to explain these findings. A statistically significantly greater surface area of dysplasia and greater spread of dysplastic cells in the endocervical canal was found in the positive cytology when compared to the false-negative cytology cases. No difference in vaginal spread of dysplasia existed between the two groups. The endocervical canal was sampled with a moist cotton swab in all of the cases. The results suggest that small numbers of dysplastic cells high in the endocervical canal may not be effectively sampled by cotton swabs in cases of false-negative cervical cytology, lowering screening sensitivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Spina bifida occulta: lesion or anomaly?

Failure of fusion of the posterior arches of the lumbosacral spine above S3 was sought on frontal radiographs of 653 patients attending an accident and emergency (A & E) department. The patients were aged from 2 months to 98 years and represent all those with relevant information discharged as A & E outpatients over a 2-year period. Presenting complaints of backache or enuresis and inadequate radiographs were excluded. Spina bifida occulta was diagnosed in 22% of the whole group. The incidence was much higher in those below the age of 40 years (29.2%) compared with those above (9.8%). The overall age-adjusted incidence was 17.3%. Our study is an attempt to judge the off-the-street' prevalence of spina bifida occulta. It supports the notion that spina bifida occulta is a common anomaly, of no clinical significance on its own.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Cytofluorographic analysis of lymph nodes from patients with the persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) syndrome.

Significant progress has been made in defining the clinical features, immunologic defects, and etiologic agent(s) of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and its related disorders, but much remains to be learned about the natural history and pathogenesis of these diseases. Most immunologic studies to date have used peripheral blood lymphocytes or sections of lymph nodes for analysis. In this study lymph node cell suspensions from 37 patients with the persistent generalized lymphadenopathy syndrome (PGL) were phenotyped with monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry and the results were compared with nodal suspensions from 49 patients with other types of reactive hyperplasia. Several significant differences were noted in the PGL nodes, including a decreased but not reversed T4/T8 ratio (1.44 vs 3.0, P less than 0.0001), a decreased percentage of T4+ lymphocytes, an elevation of T8+ lymphocytes, and increased numbers of activated lymphocytes. The shift in the T4/T8 ratio in PGL nodal suspensions was due primarily to a decrease in T4+ lymphocytes rather than in increase in T8+ cells. The possible specificity of these findings for infection by the AIDS agent and their potential prognostic utility are discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗