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D D Paine

Publications and source records attributed to D D Paine.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Biochemical and molecular characterization of erthromycin-resistant avian Staphylococcus spp. isolated from chickens.

The epidemiology of the two common erythromycin-resistant methylase (erm) genes ermC and ermA was analyzed in 12 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. and 34 coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp. isolated from chicken. Southern hybridization indicated that only 2 of the 12 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. strains contained the ermC gene on the plasmid; 1 strain of Staphylococcus xylosus harbored the ermC gene on a 2.5-kb plasmid, and 1 strain of Staphylococcus cohnii harbored the gene on a 4.0-kb plasmid. Twelve of the 34 strains of Staphylococcus aureus contained the ermC gene. Eleven of these strains had the ermC gene on a 2.5-kb plasmid, and 1 strain had the gene on a 4.0-kb plasmid. Ten of the 12 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. and 22 of the 34 coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp. harbored the ermA gene exclusively on the chromosome. Two different ermA EcoRI restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) were identified. A majority of the isolates was found to have two chromosomal inserts (8.0- and 6.2-kb EcoRI fragments) of ermA. One strain of S. aureus had different chromosomal inserts (6.4- and 5.8-kb EcoRI fragments) of ermA. Our results indicate that either the ermC or ermA gene, homologous to those described in human isolates, was present in all avian Staphylococcus spp. and that ermA was the predominant gene in coagulase-negative and coagulase-positive avian Staphylococcus spp. The size and copy numbers of the ermA gene were different from its human counterpart.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Failure of gamma-interferon to decrease mortality from group B streptococcal sepsis in neonatal rats.

Newborns possess an altered immune response to infection with impaired leukocyte chemotaxis and deficient production of gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma). IFN-gamma enhances neonatal leukocyte activation and movement. We proposed that IFN-gamma in conjunction with penicillin compared to penicillin therapy without IFN-gamma would increase survival from group B streptococcal sepsis in a neonatal rat model. Newborn rats were infected with 10(5) cfu of group B streptococci at 48-72 h of age and randomized to receive either serum albumin (controls), rat recombinant IFN-gamma, albumin and penicillin, or IFN-gamma and penicillin. Survival 120 h postinfection revealed: controls 5% (1/21); IFN-gamma 4% (1/24); penicillin 23% (5/22); and IFN-gamma plus penicillin 10% (2/21). Survival analysis with a lognormal parametric regression model revealed only the penicillin group to have improved survival compared to controls. Contrasting the penicillin group with the IFN-gamma plus penicillin group did not reveal a statistically significant difference by the Wald chi2 statistic (p = 0.25).

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Molecular identification of a Stenotrophomonas species used in the bioassay for erythromycin in aquaculture samples.

A bacterial strain isolated from aquaculture pond slurry, which was extremely sensitive to erythromycin, was used to detect erythromycin at levels as low as 0.05 micrograms ml-1 in aquaculture water, sediments and soil samples. Identification of the indicator organism was attempted by 16S rRNA sequencing, biochemical profile, fatty-acid analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). GenBank comparison showed that the 16S rRNA sequence of the strain was similar to those of more than 20 copies of Xanthomonas and Stenotrophomonas. The position of the strain in a phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison is in a cluster of Stenotrophomonas. The fatty-acid analysis also showed that the strain is similar to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. However, the biochemical profile of the strain is most similar to Xanthomonas campestris, except that it can utilize maltose, which is similar to S. maltophilia. Polymerase chain reaction results showed that the strain is different from X. campestris, S. maltophilia and other Xanthomonas species tested. Based on these results, the authors named this strain as Stenotrophomonas sp. strain NCTR.

Aquaculture↗
PubMed1996

Chemiluminescent and flow cytometric analysis of gamma interferon preincubation on neonatal and adult rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) has multiple immunomodulating effects and has been postulated as a possible immunopotentiating agent for the prevention or treatment of neonatal infections. This report describes the effect of rat recombinant IFN-gamma on the oxidative burst activity and CD11b expression of neonatal and adult rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL). Oxidative burst activity was assessed by chemiluminescence and dihydrorhodamine flow cytometry. Neonatal PMNL exhibited significantly less oxidative burst activity than did adult PMNL. IFN-gamma mildly enhanced the chemiluminescence response of PMNL from both the rat pups and adults, but this effect was not statistically significant when analyzed by a multivariate model of repeated-measures analysis of variance for both chemiluminescence and dihydrorhodamine flow cytometry. CD11b expression was also not significantly enhanced by IFN-gamma.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

An evaluation of single-dose metronidazole treatment for Gardnerella vaginalis vaginitis.

A randomized, nonblinded study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of a single 2-g oral dose of metronidazole (Flagyl) versus a seven-day regimen in the treatment of "nonspecific" vaginitis. Using cultures for Gardnerella vaginalis, 14 (67%) of 21 women treated with the single 2-g dose and 19 (86%) of 21 women receiving the seven-day course were considered cured seven to ten days after treatment (P greater than .10). No difference in compliance was noted between the two groups, and the incidence of side effects likewise, was comparable.

Administration, Oral↗