PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D D Simpson

Publications and source records attributed to D D Simpson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Inhalant users in drug abuse prevention programs.

Inhalant use and related background characteristics are examined for participants in state-funded drug abuse prevention programs in Texas. Inhalant use was found to be a significant problem among Mexican-American youth in low socioeconomic neighborhoods. Frequent users of inhalers were consistently distinguished from nonusers and less frequent inhalers on a number of dimensions and were found to have significantly more family, school, legal, and peer-related problems. Areas for future research and intervention are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

Agency differences in posttreatment outcomes: a follow-up of drug abuse treatment clients.

The present study examined variations in posttreatment outcomes for clients treated in the same modality but in different treatment agencies located across the United States. Three modalities were studied, represented by seven methadone maintenance (MM) programs, seven therapeutic community (TC) programs, and nine outpatient drug-free (DF) programs. Agency differences within MM and TC programs were not significantly different on posttreatment outcomes for opioid use, nonopioid use, alcohol use, productive activities, and criminality. There were significant outcome differences among the DF agencies, but they were explained by variations in the background characteristics of the particular types of clients served by each agency. In particular, these posttreatment outcome differences appeared to be related to programs treating primarily opioid addicts versus primarily nonopioid users.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1982

Six-year follow-up of opioid addicts after admission to treatment.

Long-term behavioral outcome status of 990 daily opioid users, recorded in follow-up interviews about six years after admission to community-based treatment programs, was classified in terms of longitudinal patterns of opioid use. Sixty-one percent of these individuals had achieved abstinence from opioid drugs for a year or longer immediately before the follow-up interview. Compared with those who continued heavy opioid drug use, and with others who had problems with nonopioid drugs or alcohol over time, persons who achieved abstinence also had significantly better long-term outcomes on criminality, use of nonopioid drugs and alcohol, and productive activities. Except for criminal history, outcome status was generally unrelated to client demographic and background predictors, but behavioral improvements over time were strongly associated with participation in drug abuse treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Addict death rates during a four-year posttreatment follow-up.

Mortality rates were examined among 3,324 Black and White daily opioid drug users for a four-year period following treatment in community-based agencies located across the United States. A total of 179 of these addicts died during this follow-up period, yielding a death rate of 15.2 per 1,000 person-years at risk. When adjusted for age, addict death rates were found to be three to 14 times higher than those in the general US population. Life table analysis was also used to examine these rates in relation to client demographic, background, and treatment variables obtained prospectively, both prior to and during treatment. Age, alcohol use, and criminal history were positively associated with higher death rates. With regard to causes of death, age proved to be the only significant predictor; older addicts (over 30) had the highest percentages of deaths due to "natural" causes, while over three-fourths of the deaths among younger addicts were drug related or involved violence.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Treatment for drug abuse. Follow-up outcomes and length of time spent.

A sample of 1,496 persons admitted to 26 community treatment agencies participating in the Drug Abuse Reporting Program (DARP) during 1972 and 1973 were located and interviewed in 1978 and 1979. Favorableness of one-year posttreatment outcomes with respect to illicit drug use, criminality, and employment and other productive activities was found to increase linearly with the length of time patients stayed in methadone maintenance, a therapeutic community, or outpatient drug-free treatment. In addition, follow-up outcome for persons who spent less than three months in treatment was least favorable, and was not significantly different from that of persons in outpatient detoxification programs or who were admitted but not treated (intake-only). Persons who completed treatment generally stayed in treatment longer, as expected; they also had a more favorable outcome after DARP treatment than did others.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Drug use and crime during a four-year posttreatment follow-up.

Follow-up interview data for 1,155 opioid addicts showed that about three-fourths of the sample reported some criminal behavior during a 4-year period after leaving drug abuse treatment. Males had a higher prevalence of "major" crimes (including crimes against persons, robbery, mugging, burglary, theft, or dealing drugs) than did females, while females reported a higher percentage engaged in the so-called "victimless" crimes (primarily based on prostitution or pimping). Criminal behavior was primarily profit-related and strongly associated with drug use, especially opioid drugs. Drug users reported more criminal behavior than nonusers, and criminality and drug use increased and decreased together among persons who showed changes in drug use during the follow-up period.

Crime↗
PubMed1980

Drug abuse treatment readmissions and outcomes. Three-year follow-up of DARP patients.

Temporal patterns of drug abuse treatment reentry and other outcome measures were examined over a three-year period based on a national follow-up sample of persons admitted to treatment in the Drug Abuse Reporting Program (DARP) during 1969 to 1972. Follow-up treatment modes included methadone maintenance, residence in a therapeutic community, outpatient drug-free treatment, outpatient detoxification treatment, and a comparison group whose members completed intake only and did not return for treatment in the DARP. Treatment readmission patterns were examined in relation to outcome measures for illicit drug use, alcohol use, employment, and criminality over time. The findings showed there were reliable associations between readmission patterns and posttreatment outcomes, which suggested there were beneficial effects of drug abuse treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Treatment histories of clients treated for drug abuse.

History of drug abuse treatments was examined for clients included in a national follow-up study based on admissions to the Drug Abuse Reporting Program (DARP) during 1969-1972. Clients were sampled from DARP methadone maintenance, therapeutic community, outpatient drug-free, and outpatient detoxification programs, as well as an intake only comparison group. Pre-DARP treatment was reported by 40% of the total sample, with detoxification being the most common. Treatments in the first three years after DARP were reported by 51%, with methadone maintenance being the most common. There was an overall trend toward methadone maintenance as the predominant treatment after DARP regardless of the type of treatment a client received in the DARP, and approximately one-third of the total sample reported no other treatments either before or after DARP.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Treatment re-entry and outcomes of opioid addicts during a four-year follow-up after drug abuse treatment in the United States.

Post-treatment outcome measures during a four-year follow-up period were examined in relation to readmissions to drug abuse treatment. The sample included 1,174 opioid addicts admitted during 1972-1973 to 26 different treatment programmes throughout the United States that participated in the Drug Abuse Reporting Program (DARP). Admissions to methadone maintenance programmes, therapeutic communities, outpatient drug-free treatments, and outpatient detoxification programmes were studied, as well as a comparison group which completed admission procedures but did not return for treatment at the DARP agency. The examination of temporal patterns of treatment and outcome indicators presenting drug use, criminality, and productive activities during the four-year follow-up period showed that there were beneficial effects associated with treatment.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1979

Follow-up evaluation of treatment of drug abuse during 1969 to 1972.

A sample of 3,131 persons from approximately 25,000 admitted to drug abuse treatment programs in the Drug Abuse Reporting Program during 1969-1972 were followed up in 1975-1976. Treatment groups included methadone hydrochloride maintenance, therapeutic community, outpatient drug free, outpatient detoxification, and a comparison group that completed intake but did not enter treatment. Outcome criterion measures (drug use, employment, criminality, and treatment readmissions) based on the first year after treatment were more favorable in the methadone maintenance, therapeutic community, and outpatient drug-free groups than in the outpatient detoxification and intake-only groups. Evaluation of differential outcomes and their relationships with pretreatment and during-treatment measures within each group indicated that pretreatment criminal history, during-treatment performance, and length of time in treatment were significantly related to posttreatment outcomes.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The relation of time spent in drug abuse treatment to posttreatment outcome.

The author examined follow-up outcomes in the first year after treatment in relation to time spent in treatment in the Drug Abuse Reporting Program. Follow-up interviews were completed with more than 3,000 people admitted to drug abuse treatment during 1969--1972, including clients treated with methadone maintenance, therapeutic communities, outpatient drug-free programs, and outpatient detoxification, as well as a group who completed intake procedures but did not return for treatment. Longer time in treatment was related to better posttreatment outcome, but clients who spent less than 3 months in treatment were not significantly different from the detoxification-only group or the intake-only group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Client evaluations of drug abuse treatment in relation to follow-up outcomes.

A national sample of drug treatment clients admitted to the Drug Abuse Treatment Program (DARP) during 1969--1972 was followed approximately 5 years after admission. Subjective evaluations of treatment were compared for clients in methadone maintenance, therapeutic community, outpatient drug-free, and outpatient detoxification treatment programs, as well as a comparison group of clients who completed intake but received no treatment. These evaluations were also analyzed in relation to client background and treatment performance measures and post-treatment outcomes. The overall evaluation of DARP treatments by former clients was generally favorable and was highest for the DARP therapeutic community. Over two-thirds of the combined treatment sample indicated satisfaction with the treatment they received and a willingness to recommend it to others. Favorable evaluation was also positively related to during-treatment performance and tenure in DARP treatment as well as to behavioral outcomes after leaving treatment.

Adolescent↗