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Biomedical subjects

D E Rose

Publications and source records attributed to D E Rose.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Cochlear implants in prelingually deaf children.

All private and public residential and day schools for the deaf in the U.S. that have 100 or more students were surveyed to see how many prelingually deafened students they had with cochlear implants and how many of these students were still using the device. Responses came from 70% (45 of 64) of those schools surveyed. Of the 151 implanted children identified, 71 (47%) were no longer using the cochlear implant. Of the remaining 80 children (53%) still wearing the device, we could not specifically determine by survey the percentage who derived significant benefit from the device and the percentage who did not. However, numerous comments by those returning the questionnaires indicated despondency over the results of the implant.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Vibrotactile device in patients with single-channel cochlear implant: a preliminary study.

Two patients who had been using 3-M Vienna extracochlear implants were given two-channel KS Sensoraid vibrotactile units to wear for 1 month. At the end of that period, several tests commonly used to assess cochlear implant function were administered to compare the effectiveness of the vibrotactile system with that of the cochlear implants. The results obtained from the vibrotactile devices were encouraging, although the units had some shortcomings. Overall, the subjects' test scores with the vibrotactile units were comparable to, if not slightly better than, those with the extracochlear implants.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Individual data from the 3M/Vienna extracochlear implant.

Five patients who received the 3M/Vienna extracochlear implant were given a standard battery of tests before and after implantation. Pure-tone audiograms, hearing aid evaluation, and promontory threshold and dynamic range stimulation were conducted to evaluate implant candidacy and to determine whether a particular patient met the criteria for inclusion in the study. Speech reading tests were also given before implantation. Postimplantation testing consisted of thresholds and tolerance levels for pure tones and speech reading with and without acoustic stimulation. Tests on environmental sounds, speech discrimination, and word discrimination were scored. Minimal Auditory Capabilities (MAC) Battery scores were determined on MAC, I, II, IV, V, VII, VIII, and XII subtests over several time intervals (sessions). The hearing results varied greatly among patients. All five patients expressed satisfaction and are presently wearing their units.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A modified dexamethasone suppression test for endogenous depression.

In order to simplify the dexamethasone suppression test (DST), we have administered a lower dosage of dexamethasone (DEX) and shortened the sampling time to a single morning blood sample. DEX (in dosage increments from 0.125 to 1.0 mg, p.o.) was administered at 2300 h to normal volunteers in a double-blind randomized fashion, and blood samples were taken at 0700 h the following morning. While significant cortisol suppression occurred after the 0.375 mg, 0.5 mg, and 1.0 mg doses of DEX, the 0.5 mg dose was the smallest that clearly suppressed cortisol in all eight subjects. This dose then was used to test the feedback sensitivity of the central nervous system (CNS)-pituitary-adrenal axis in endogenously depressed patients. Twenty endogenously depressed patients and 20 normal volunteers were given both the standard 1.0 mg DST, with post-DEX serum cortisol determined at 1500 h, and the simplified 0.5 mg DST, with post-DEX serum cortisol determined at 0700 h. Four patients (20%) and one control (5%) were nonsuppressors after the 1.0 mg DST, and nine patients (45%) and one control (5%) were nonsuppressors after the 0.5 mg DST. In addition, nine patients with major depression (nonendogenous subtype) and 15 patients with panic attacks also were studied using the 0.5 mg DST. Only 2 of these 24 patients (8%) were nonsuppressors. The results suggest that the single-sample 0.5 mg DST is more sensitive than the standard 1.0 mg DST, and the specificity of the modified test appears comparable to the standard form of the test.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Electroencephalographic study of nighttime panic attacks.

A woman whose condition was diagnosed as agoraphobia with panic attacks participated in an all-night polysomnographic study. During the night she experienced a panic attack that was phenomenologically similar to her daytime attacks. The attack occurred suddenly, arising from stage 3-4 (delta) sleep. There was no disruption of sleep architecture immediately before awakening. The occurrence of this panic attack during sleep is discussed in the context of other nighttime sleep disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Comparative antihypertensive and endocrinologic effects of clonidine and prazosin in patients with essential hypertension.

The acute and chronic effects of fixed dosages of clonidine and prazosin on supine and upright blood pressure, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and plasma catecholamines were compared in 24 patients with essential hypertension. The patients were randomized into two groups; 11 received chlorthalidone (50 mg daily) throughout the protocol, but 13 received no diuretic. Clonidine was generally more effective in lowering systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the supine posture throughout the study; prazosin tended to decrease blood pressure in the upright posture more effectively, especially during the first week of treatment. The only truly significant difference was found after four weeks of treatment when the decrease in supine systolic blood pressure by clonidine of 26.5 +/- 8.9 mm Hg was greater than that of 1.7 +/- 5.6 mm Hg produced by prazosin (P less than .05).

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Movement of interstitial water through loaded articular cartilage.

Water transport through articular cartilage and across the articular surface is a major factor controlling the amount and rate of tissue deformation. To study water movement concentration profiles within the tissue were determined using radiotracer techniques. Water movement was spatially and temporally mapped for unloaded, undeformed tissue, after cyclic and dead weight creep, and for recovery following dead weight creep using a uniaxial confined compression configuration to produce one-dimensional fluid movement. In unloaded tissue diffusion rapidly exchanged water by 15 minutes while the gross efflux of fluid during cyclic and dead weight creep compression effectively inhibited any external water influx. During recovery fluid inhibition was restricted when a small surface load was present, and only after complete removal of all surface traction was a large fluid efflux found. The compression and/or collapse of the uppermost surface layer of the tissue is believed responsible for controlling tissue fluid transport and mechanical response.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effects of intensity variations on auditory processing in aphasia. I. Equal intensities at each ear.

Clinical observations have led several authors to suggest that talking louder improves auditory comprehension for the aphasic patient, while others suggest that it does nothing to help comprehension. To clarify these observations under experimental conditions, four measures of auditory processing (cortical-evoked responses, nonverbal intensity sequencing, phoneme in word discrimination and sequencing, and a semantic-syntactic measure of comprehension) were used in diotic presentation of stimuli to 10 aphasic subjects with left temporal lobe damage. The stimuli were presented at 70, 85, and 100 dB SPL. Results suggest that a simple diotic (true binaural) increase of stimulus intensity is not a potent variable for influencing auditory processing in patients with aphasia. Although a few subjects improved their performances on selected levels when stimulus intensity was increased, the performances of others decreased. Auditory-evoked response (AER) latencies and amplitudes generally were not significantly different between the damaged and intact hemispheres. The time-intensity trading function was demonstrated with the AER, particularly for the N2 component. The ear with the greatest advantage on dichotic listening was contralateral to the lesion and was contralateral to the hemisphere that had the shorter P1 latencies, longer N2 latencies, and smaller AER amplitudes.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effects of intensity variations on auditory processing in aphasia. II. Different intensities at each ear.

A neurologic extinction model was applied to the auditory-processing disorders evidenced by 10 persons with aphasia. This model suggests that messages travel faster to the intact hemisphere, where they are more differentiated and articulated, than to the affected hemisphere. This leads to extinction and interference of the message. To overcome this extinction, the stimulus intensity was raised by 15 or 30 dB to one ear at a time. The stimuli were a cortical auditory-evoked response (AER) measure, a nonverbal intensity sequencing test (NVIST), a minimally varied phoneme-in-word discrimination and sequencing test (MVPT). and a semantic-syntactic level test (RTT). The results suggest that intensity can be traded for time in quantities large enough to overcome the extinction interference of auditory stimuli. Although some statistically significant results and meaningful trends toward improved performance were evident on the NVIST and the MVPT, a unilateral increase of stimulus intensity did not prove to be a potent mechanism for improving auditory comprehension. Sentence length material was not affected in either direction by selective amplification. The role of the left ear/right hemisphere as a facilitator of processing for linguistic and nonlinguistic material was suggested by the results of this study.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Equilibrium water partition in articular cartilage.

Water partition between the interstitial fluid in articular cartilage and an external bathing solution was found using a new in-situ method. This consisted of measuring the concentration of radioactive water allowed to diffuse through the articular surface of laterally constrained cartilage-subchondral bone plugs. Incubation times ranged from 15 minutes to 48 hours. Tracer solutions included: Hank's Balanced Salt Solution with and without antibiotics and enzyme inhibitors, and distilled water. Bulk partition coefficients ranged from 0.305 to 0.811. Both the hydration and partition coefficients varied spatially with depth, while no association was found between them. The macromolecular structure of the collagen and proteoglycan components are believed responsible for these findings.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Biochemical cardiac risk factors during diuretic therapy.

The effects of six weeks of treatment with fixed doses of the diuretics chlorthalidone and ticrynafen on serum total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins, high density lipoproteins, triglycerides and other biochemical parameters were studied in 24 hypertensive patients. Chlorthalidone increased total serum cholesterol by 40 +/- 11 (SEM) mg/dl (P less than 0.01) and triglycerides by 80 +/- 30 mg/dl (P less than 0.05). The increase of 16 +/- 12 mg/dl in low density lipoproteins and the decrease of 5 +/- 6 mg/dl in high density lipoproteins induced by this drug were not significant. An investigational uricosuric diuretic, ticrynafen, caused no significant changes in any of the serum lipid concentrations measured. Fasting blood glucose levels were elevated, but not significantly, by both diuretics. Serum uric acid concentrations tended to increase in patients given chlorthalidone while ticrynafen treatment decreased uric acid levels by 2.9 +/- 1.4 mg/dl (P less than 0.01). The elevations induced by chlorthalidone in serum lipid levels may partially counteract the potential benefits of its antihypertensive effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Noise and hearing loss.

Audiology is an essential aid to diagnosis of hearing loss, including loss due to exposure to excessive noise. Patients who complain of hearing difficulty should be examined and their hearing tested to determine hearing acuity, speech reception threshold, and speech discrimination as well as whether amplification is warranted.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Auditory brainstem responses in ears with hearing loss: case studies.

Auditory brain stem evoked responses (ABRs) were recorded from six selected adult patients with various audiometric configuration, histories, and diagnoses. Although none of the patients were diagnosed medically as having retrocochlear disease, ABR latencies and waveform morphology were considered abnormal in some cases. By contrast, other patients with similar hearing loss configuration yielded normal ABRs. These observations emphasize the potential difficulty encountered in the interpretation of ABRs when hearing loss exists. Further, because ABRs and all other special auditory tests are not diagnostic extreme caution should be exercised prior to any definitive interpretation and subsequent diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Summated potentials evoked by speech sounds for determining cerebral dominance for language.

Ten normal adult right-handed subjects receive phonemic combinations (/epik/, /epak/, /a/, /pi/, /pa/) and pure tones (2500 and 8000 Hz) binaurally through matched earphones. Fifty responses from electrodes at P5, P6, C5, C6, F7 and F8 (referenced to linked mastoids) were summated, and evoked potentials from homologous areas were measured separately and superimposed in order to observe differences. Visual inspection of superimposed responses showed no consistent gross asymmetries that lateralized to either hemisphere. Comparison between amplitude of evoked potentials (N1, P2) at P5 and P6 were not significant (P < 0.05; paired t test). We suggest that our technique may not be a useful clinical test for cerebral dominance.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Hemispheric potentials evoked by speech sounds during discrimination tasks.

We studied the feasibility of adapting the method of Wood et al. (1971) for determining cerebral dominance for language and did not obtain consistent asymmetries of evoked responses in the left hemisphere to stop consonant task (SCT) as compared with fundamental frequency task (FFT). Likewise, the right hemisphere-evoked potentials for SCT and FFT did not show consistent asymmetries. However, we did find that the evoked responses at T3 were attenuated as compared with those at T4, regardless of the task performed (FFT or SCT). These findings may be useful in developing a test for cerebral dominance for language.

Adult↗