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Biomedical subjects

D Gutman

Publications and source records attributed to D Gutman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Sham TMS: intracerebral measurement of the induced electrical field and the induction of motor-evoked potentials.

Testing the therapeutic potential of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in controlled trials requires a valid sham condition. Sham TMS is typically administered by tilting the coil 45--90 degrees off the scalp, with one or two wings of the coil touching the scalp. Lack of cortical effects has not been verified. We compared sham manipulations in their thresholds for eliciting motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in human volunteers and in intracerebral measurements of voltage induced in the prefrontal cortex of a rhesus monkey. Three types of sham (one-wing 45 degrees and 90 degrees and two-wing 90 degrees tilt) induced much lower voltage in the brain than active TMS (67--73% reductions). However, the two-wing 45 degrees sham induced values just 24% below active TMS. This sham was about half as potent in inducing MEPs over the motor cortex as active TMS. Some sham TMS conditions produce substantial cortical stimulation, making it critical to carefully select the sham manipulation for clinical trials.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Health promotion practices of emergency physicians.

In this article we describe health promotion practices of emergency physicians (EPs). A survey was mailed to members of the West Virginia American College of Emergency Physicians. Main outcomes included the EP's beliefs regarding health promotion, perceived roles in health promotion, and perceived effectiveness in modifying the behavior of patients. Over 90% of respondents routinely asked about cigarette smoking and half about alcohol use. A minority routinely asked about illicit drug use, diet, exercise, domestic violence, or stress. The majority stated they were the main person responsible for patient health education in their emergency department (ED). Most felt prepared to counsel patients about smoking (68%) and alcohol (59%), although very few described themselves as successful in helping patients change their behavior. Although EPs feel responsible for promoting the health of their patients, only a minority reported routinely screening and counseling patients about prevention and most were not confident in their ability to help patients change their health-related behaviors.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1995

Use of ECFMG certifying examinations for national comparisons: performance of graduates of Israeli medical schools in basic and clinical science examinations.

Examinations were used for comparison of Israeli medical school graduates. The two schools with traditional curricula had higher pass rates for first takers of Day 1 (68% and 61%, mean scores 76.6 and 76.4) than the community-based school (44%, mean score 74.5) and the technologically oriented school (40%, mean score 72.5). There were similar pass rates for traditional school first takers of Day 2 (97% and 91%, mean scores 82.4 and 80.4) as for community-based school first takers (94%, mean score 80.1). The traditional schools and the community-based school demonstrated higher pass rates and mean scores for first takers of Day 2 than the technologically oriented school. Analysis of the time lapse between the basic science curriculum and taking the basic science examination reveals no trend in scores or pass rates. While the likelihood of better performance on Day 1 seems enhanced by traditional curricula, there is an equivalent performance on Day 2 by graduates of schools with traditional curricula.

Certification↗
PubMed1989

Treatment of mandibular fractures by means of compression osteosynthesis.

This report is a retrospective study of 76 patients with mandibular fractures treated by compression osteosynthesis. Good results were achieved in 83% of the cases. The complications encountered were either soft tissue infections or minor malocclusions. It was concluded that the relatively low rate of complications can be further reduced by careful selection of patients and meticulous performance of the technique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Virus-specific splicing inhibitor in extracts from cells infected with HIV-1.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), in contrast with most other retroviruses, encodes trans-regulatory proteins for virus gene expression. It is shown in this study, by means of an in vitro splicing system, that nuclear extracts obtained from cells infected with HIV-1 contain a factor (or factors) that specifically inhibits splicing of a synthetic SP6/HIV pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA)-containing donor and acceptor splice sites in the coding region for the envelope protein. It is also shown that the SP6/HIV pre-mRNA is not capable of assembly in a ribonucleoprotein complex, spliceosome, in extracts from infected cells. These findings raise the possibility that specific inhibition of pre-mRNA splicing in the envelope protein coding region by HIV-1 trans-regulatory factors might be one control mechanism for efficient production of structural viral proteins and virion assembly.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1986

Oral side effects of head and neck irradiation: correlation between clinical manifestations and laboratory data.

Salivary flow rate and composition, oral microflora and clinical manifestations of radiation damage were studied in 32 patients treated with external irradiation to head and neck areas. Several parameters were investigated: field arrangement, amount of salivary glands irradiated, clinical manifestations such as dryness of the mouth, taste impairment, dysphagia, salivary secretion and composition, and oral yeast flora. The salivary glands have a greater sensitivity to radiation damage than the gustatory tissues. The decrease in salivary secretion is accompanied by a rise in salivary sodium concentration, and in oral yeast flora. The clinical symptomatology was correlated with the amount of salivary glands irradiated. We found that most of the parotids have to be outside of the treated volume, when the rest of the major salivary glands are irradiated, to prevent severe dryness phenomena.

Candidiasis, Oral↗
PubMed1986

The salivary flow rate and composition of whole and parotid resting and stimulated saliva in young and old healthy subjects.

Resting and stimulated whole and parotid salivary composition and flow rate were examined in 63 healthy volunteers. No significant differences were found between the young and old in secretion rates and salivary concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and total protein. The activity of amylase in the resting and stimulated parotid saliva was significantly lower in the old.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effect of transdermal scopolamine on salivation.

The effect of transdermal scopolamine on salivary flow and composition was analyzed in 21 healthy volunteers. The flow rate of whole saliva was significantly lowered by transdermal scopolamine. Significant positive correlations were found between the placebo rate of flow and both the quantity and percentage decreases in response to transdermal scopolamine. The magnesium concentration was significantly increased during transdermal scopolamine administration, whereas the sodium, potassium, and calcium concentrations were not consistently altered. Accordingly, the magnesium secretion rate was unaltered, whereas sodium, potassium, and calcium secretion rates were significantly lowered by transdermal scopolamine administration.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1985

Occlusal adjustment by photocclusion.

The use of photocclusion to evaluate the results of occlusal adjustment before, during, and after treatment is described. The authors recommend the use of photocclusion to aid in evaluating occlusal adjustment performed with articulating paper.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Composition of whole unstimulated saliva of human infants.

Whole unstimulated saliva of 168 infants aged 3 days to 12 months was analysed. The concentration of Ca, Mg and Cl was higher in the saliva of infants than in adults. The concentration of phosphate, IgA, amylase and pH was lower in infants; Na, K and total protein did not differ significantly. A wide range of all the concentrations was observed in the saliva of infants. No significant difference was found between the salivary composition of male versus female or of breast-fed as compared to bottle-fed infants. No difference before and after eruption of teeth was detected. Significant differences between different age groups were observed in the concentrations of Na, K, Cl, phosphate, protein, amylase and pH. No significant differences were found in Ca, Mg and IgA concentrations within the first year. A negative correlation between the age of the infants and the concentrations of Na, K, Cl and total protein was observed. A positive correlation was found for phosphate and amylase as a function of age.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Salivary and lacrimal secretions in patients on lithium therapy.

Salivary and lacrimal secretion rates and salivary composition were examined in 22 manic-depressive patients on lithium therapy and in 21 matched, healthy controls. Serum immunoglobulins (IgG and IgA) were measured in these patients. Their oral health was examined and found to be unimpaired. Significantly lowered tear secretion was detected in the patients, while their salivary secretion rates were normal. The salivary concentrations of NA, K and IgA were significantly elevated in whole saliva. In parotid saliva, the concentrations of K and IgA were elevated, while Na was in the normal range. A significant correlation between serum and salivary lithium concentrations was found, indicating the usefulness of salivary measurements for monitoring. Informed consent of the patients was obtained after the nature of the procedures had been fully explained.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Oral Candida in children.

One hundred forty healthy children, 3 to 12 years of age, were examined for the presence of oral Candida. Forty-five percent of the 3 to 5 1/2-year olds and 65% of the 6- to 12-year olds were found to be Candida "carriers" (p less than 0.05). No significant sex difference was found in the incidence of Candida "carriers." The salivary IgA concentration did not differ significantly in Candida "carriers" and noncarriers. A significantly higher IgA concentration was found in children 6 to 12 years old (0.02 less than p less than 0.05). The concentration of salivary electrolytes was similar in Candida-positive and Candida-negative children.

Age Factors↗