Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D Gutman.
Resting and stimulated whole-saliva secretion rates were compared in old and young healthy volunteers. The stimulated secretion rate was similar in both age groups, while the resting flow rate was significantly lower in the old females and males as compared with rates in the young.
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The salivary composition and flow rate of 78 patients with primary affective disorders and of 49 healthy volunteers were examined. The former were divided into two groups: Group 1--57 patients receiving lithium carbonate and psychoactive drugs, and Group 2--21 patients receiving psychoactive drugs only. A significant correlation between salivary and serum lithium was found in patients on chronic lithium therapy. Significantly reduced salivary flow rates and elevated potassium, calcium, magnesium and IgA concentrations were found in all the patients as compared with those of the healthy volunteers. Salivary sodium concentrations were significantly elevated in patients on lithium carbonate as compared with the levels in patients on psychoactive drugs only. These results indicate that changes in salivary gland function may occur in patients with primary affective disorders and in those receiving drug treatment. The use of saliva analysis for monitoring lithium dosage is recommended.
Salivary flow-rate, Na, K and IgA were measured in 12 KCS patients for diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome. 8 had elevated salivary IgA concentrations. The IgA was analysed on anti-IgA plates and on anti-secretory IgA plates. The results indicate that the elevation in salivary IgA in Sjögren patients is due to secretory IgA.
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Seventy-one patients complaining of mouth dryness were examined. Decreased salivary rate of flow was found in fifty-six. Twenty-two patients did not respond to stimulation and were treated with artificial saliva. The thirty-four responding patients were treated with a mouthwash containing citric acid (Saliram). Of the patients using Saliram, 91 percent were satisfied with the results, and in 16 percent of these an increase in salivation was observed and persisted after treatment was discontinued.
The flow rate and composition of whole unstimulated saliva were measured in fifteen healthy controls and in forty-eight xerostomic patients, fourteen suffering from xerostomia per se, twenty-two from xerostomia with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), and twelve from xerostomia, KCS, and rheumatoid arthritis. A significant lower salivary flow rate was found in all the xerostomic patients. Sodium, potassium, and IgA concentrations were significantly elevated in the KCS and in the RA + KCS group in comparison with the patients who had xerostomia per se and with the healthy controls. Sialochemistry is thus recommended for the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome in xerostomic patients.
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A state of inattention was achieved by having subjects selectively attend to one of two overlapping novel figures in a series of such overlapping figures. Recognition of form directly afterward was good for figures that had been attended to but was essentially nil for the unattended figures. Recognition failed to occur even if a familiar figure was in the unattended series and even if that figure was presented 1 sec before the test. A further experiment showed that certain general characteristics of the unattended figures other than form were recognized. The results are interpreted as indicating that attention is necessary for form perception, not merely for memory of form. It is suggested that a cognitive process of description constitutes the essence of form perception. Diverting attention eliminates the cognitive operation of describing the spatial relations that characterize a figure.
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1. 15 patients, whose therapy with the anticoagulant Coumarin was not discontinued, were observed for bleeding following dental extractions. 2. There was no significant bleeding in these patients as compared to 15 others whose Coumarin therapy was temporarily interrupted. 3. Patients with prosthetic heart valves should preferably be hospitalized for dental extractions. but Coumarin/anticoagulant therapy need not be discontinued. The procedures can safely be done within a therapeutic range of 20-30% P.T.
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Salivary and serum lithium concentrations were measured simultaneously in 118 manic-depressive patients. Lithium concentration in saliva was 2.24 +/- 0.35 times higher than in serum. An equation to calculate serum lithium concentration from salivary measurements was derived: Li serum = 0.36 Li saliva + 0.13. Psychotropic drugs had no effect on the salivary:serum ratio. Eighteen patients were followed for several weeks. A significant correlation coefficient between salivary and serum lithium concentrations was found in thirteen of the eighteen patients studied.
The presence of Candida in the oral cavity of denture wearers was compared to a control group. A significantly higher percentage (88%) of Candida "carriers" was found among the denture wearers in comparison to the control group (52%). No difference between the sialochemistry of denture wearers and controls was found in oral Candida "carrier".