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Biomedical subjects

D J Marcellin-Little

Publications and source records attributed to D J Marcellin-Little.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Stabilisation of scoliosis in two koi (Cyprinus carpio).

Two koi (Cyprinus carpio) from the same pond developed similar lesions of scoliosis. Radiographic examinations showed that their spines had become malaligned as a result of vertebral compression fractures involving T14 to T16. The vertebrae in both fish were stabilised with screws, k-wire and polymethylmethacrylate. They both appeared to improve after surgery, but they began to decline and died within three months. A postmortem examination revealed multi-organ inflammation that was not associated with the surgical implants.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle in two Labrador retrievers.

Incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle (IOHC) was identified in two Labrador retrievers using computed tomography. Both dogs were non-weightbearing on the affected forelimbs. The dogs were treated by means of a bone screw placed across the humeral condyle. IOHC was originally reported in spaniel and chondrodystrophic breeds. The pathogenesis of the condition remains unknown, but may be related to impaired antebrachial bone growth, similarly to the pathogeneses of elbow dysplasia and radius curvus.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Fracture treatment with circular external fixation.

Circular external skeletal fixation (CEF) has been used in recent years to treat acute and chronic fractures and bone deformities, to stabilize joints while maintaining range of motion, and to perform arthrodeses and limb-sparing in dogs. Dr. Ilizarov defined the general principles and methods of CEF. This article reviews these principles. It also describes the indications, preoperative planning, surgical placement, postoperative management, clinical results, and complications of CEF used to treat fractures in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Chronic localized osteomyelitis caused by atypical infection with Blastomyces dermatitidis in a dog.

A 4-year-old male Golden Retriever was evaluated because of chronic non-weight-bearing lameness of the right hind limb associated with penetrating tarsal wounds. Arthritis of the tarsal joint and osteomyelitis of the talus were initially evident. Tarsal arthrodesis was performed 7 months after initial injury, but the lameness persisted. Ten months later, blastomycosis was diagnosed on the basis of results of histologic examination of bone biopsy specimens and serologic tests. No other site of involvement was detected. The limb was amputated, and Blastomyces dermatitidis was isolated from the affected bone. Adjuvant antifungal treatment was not given. Ten months after amputation, the dog was in good health, and the antibody titer for B dermatitidis was low, indicating resolution of the infection. Localized bone infection with B dermatitidis is rare in dogs. In this dog, it was believed that blastomycosis was contracted through direct inoculation of the organism, because the lesion was associated with puncture wounds and other sites of involvement were not found.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1996

Pharmacokinetic model for cefazolin distribution during total hip arthroplasty in dogs.

OBJECTIVES: To compare cefazolin pharmacokinetics in serum and concentrations in tissues during total hip arthroplasty in dogs with and without hip dysplasia, and to calculate the optimal dosage of cefazolin for prophylactic use during total hip arthroplasty. ANIMALS: 10 dogs with hip dysplasia and 3 clinically normal dogs. PROCEDURE: Blood samples and tissue specimens from the coxofemoral joint capsule, acetabulum, and femur were obtained during unilateral total hip arthroplasty. Cefazolin concentrations in serum and tissue specimen supernatant were determined, using high-performance liquid chromatography, for use in pharmacokinetic analysis. Mathematical simulation of serum cefazolin concentration was used to to predict the optimal dose. RESULTS: Mean pharmacokinetic constants (SEM) were 0.146 (0.013) min-1 for alpha, 4.47 min for t1/2 alpha 0.015 (0.004) min-1 for beta, 46.83 min for t1/2 beta. Significant different was not detected for cefazolin distribution and elimination between dogs with and without hip dysplasia. Additional, significant difference was not observed in pharmacokinetic parameters describing distribution and elimination between the first and second doses of cefazolin. The predicted optimal dosage regimen was 8 mg/kg of body weight, i.v. every hour or mg/kg, i.v. every 2 hours. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: For prophylactic i.v. treatment during total hip arthroplasty, use of cefazolin at a dosage of 8 mg/kg every hour or 22 mg/kg every 2 hours should maintain serum cefazolin concentrations at least 10x the minimum inhibitory concentration for 3 to 4 hours.

Acetabulum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Canine uncemented porous-coated anatomic total hip arthroplasty: results of a long-term prospective evaluation of 50 consecutive cases.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term clinical and radiographic results of a canine uncemented porous-coated anatomic (PCA) total hip arthroplasty (THA). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study of consecutive clinical patients using survival analysis. ANIMALS: Forty-one dogs that underwent PCA THA; nine had bilateral PCA THA (50 prostheses). METHODS: Gait observation, orthopedic examination, and radiographic assessment were conducted before THA, 6 months after THA, and yearly thereafter. A zonal analysis system was used to document osseous changes in the femur and the acetabulum. Acetabular cup and femoral stem subsidence and migration, femoral canal fill, and implant orientation were measured. Survival analysis of the procedure was conducted. RESULTS: Long-term follow-up was available for 37 dogs (46 prostheses). The median follow-up was 63 months. Limb function was normal for 37 limbs and abnormal for 9 limbs because of dislocation (n = 3), lumbosacral disease (n = 2), degenerative myelopathy (n = 1), autoimmune disease (n = 1), brain tumor (n = 1), or osteosarcoma of the femur (n = 1). All prosthetic stems and cups were fixed by bone ingrowth fixation. Osteolysis was not observed. Bone infarction occurred in five femoral canals (four dogs). The 6-year survival rate for the procedure was 87% (95% confidence interval, 72%-96%). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term fixation of the uncemented PCA acetabular cup and stem is successful in dogs, and long-term clinical function is excellent.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Osteosarcoma at the site of bone infarction associated with total hip arthroplasty in a dog.

OBJECTIVE: To report the occurrence of medullary bone infarction in both femoral canals after bilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA) and the subsequent unilateral development of an osteosarcoma at the site of bone infarction. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical report. ANIMAL POPULATION: An 8-month-old neutered male Samoyed dog. METHODS: Serial physical and radiographic examinations performed at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years after THA. Bone biopsy specimens of the right distal femoral metaphysis were taken 5 years after THA, and a complete necropsy was performed at the time of euthanasia. RESULTS: Bilateral medullary bone infarction was visible in the femoral canals 1 year after THA and remained visible on subsequent evaluations. An osteosarcoma developed in the right distal femoral metaphysis at the site of infarction, 5 years after THA, and was found to have metastasized widely throughout the body. CONCLUSION: Bone infarction may occur in the femoral canal after canine THA. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Bone infarction may be a predisposing factor for the development of osteosarcoma in the femora of dogs with THAs.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Femoral medullary infarction secondary to canine total hip arthroplasty.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of femoral intramedullary infarction after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and to determine whether any specific femoral morphology predisposes to bone infarction. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. SAMPLE POPULATION: All dogs from our hospital population undergoing THA between 1984 and 1997 with radiographic follow-up available at 1 year or more postoperatively. METHODS: A case control study was conducted within the THA group to determine risk factors predisposing to femoral infarction after THA. Medical records and radiographs were reviewed. Data were collected on clinical parameters, femoral morphology, prosthesis, and bone changes. Radiographic diagnosis was confirmed using histopathology in 11 femora. Radiographs of 50 age-matched control dogs weighing more than 20 kg with coxofemoral degenerative joint disease were randomly chosen to determine the prevalence of bone infarction in nonoperated dogs. RESULTS: Ninety-one dogs with 110 THA were included in the study. Fifteen of the 110 femora with THA had radiographic evidence of infarction (14%). Infarction was not present in any femora in the control group. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of infarction between dogs that received cemented or uncemented prostheses. Clinical signs were not reported in any patient that developed femoral infarction. Young age (P = .03) and a distance between the greater trochanter and nutrient foramen greater than 79 mm (P = .008) predisposed dogs to femoral infarction. Over time, three infarcts decreased in size radiographically, five remained unchanged, and three expanded. An osteosarcoma developed at the site of a bone infarct in one dog. CONCLUSION: Femoral intramedullary infarction occurred in 15 of 110 THA. Young age at the time of THA and a greater distance between the greater trochanter and the nutrient foramen predisposed to infarction. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Intramedullary infarction occurs after canine THA. These bone infarcts do not appear to cause clinical signs; however, they may present a diagnostic challenge. Malignant transformation could potentially result from medullary infarction.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle in spaniels.

An evaluation of 157 dogs with humeral fractures was performed. Cocker spaniels were more likely to have humeral condylar fractures (HCFs) than other breeds (P < .001). Male cocker spaniels were at increased risk (P < .001). Cocker spaniels had more bilateral HCFs than other breeds of dogs (P < .001). Eighteen dogs (17 purebred spaniels and 1 crossbred spaniel) with HCFs of unknown cause or occurring with normal activity were further studied, using radiography of their humeral condyle bilaterally (n = 18), computed tomography (n = 3), biopsy (n = 2), bone scintigraphy (n = 2), and genetic evaluation (n = 8). Fourteen of these 18 dogs had a nonfractured contralateral condyle. Twelve (86%) of the 14 nonfractured humeral condyles had a radiolucent line within the center of the condyle, 13 (93%) had radiographic signs of degenerative joint disease and an abnormal medial coronoid process, and six (43%) had periosteal proliferation involving the lateral epicondyle. Examination of biopsy samples from the fracture sites of two cocker spaniels showed fibrous tissue present at the fracture surfaces. The results of this study suggest an association between incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle in cocker spaniels and Brittany spaniels and a high prevalence of HCFs. Eight affected cocker spaniels with available pedigree information were found to be genetically related, suggesting that incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle may be a genetic disease with a recessive mode of inheritance.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hinged Ilizarov external fixation for correction of antebrachial deformities.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate hinged circular external fixation for correction of antebrachial deformities in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Uncontrolled clinical trial. ANIMAL POPULATION: Seven client-owned dogs. METHODS: Six dogs had one radius corrected and one dog had both radii corrected. Preoperative planning included measurement of the craniocaudal and mediolateral angular deformities, rotational deformity, length deficit, origin of deformity, graphical or mathematical determination of the amplitude and direction of the actual limb deformity, and frame assembly. RESULTS: Preoperatively, function and cosmesis were assessed to be fair to poor in all dogs. Deformity correction started 48 to 60 hours postoperatively and ranged from 0.46 mm to 1.36 mm twice daily. Hospitalization time ranged from 4 to 6 days. Corrections were mostly made by the owners, at home. Lengthening and angular correction ranged from 3 to 38 mm and 18 degrees to 48 degrees. Mean residual deformities were 2.7% of radial length and 2.7 degrees. The time duration with the circular external fixators in place ranged from 29 to 71 days. Two additional surgeries were necessary in one dog because of wire breakage. Mean follow-up was 40 months. Long-term function and cosmesis were good to excellent in all dogs. CONCLUSION: Although complications were present in six of seven dogs, the outcome of hinged Ilizarov external fixation was successful in all dogs treated for deformities of the antebrachium. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Despite complex preoperative planning, the placement of hinged circular external fixators is straightforward, and allows precise correction of complex antebrachial deformities with minimal tissue trauma.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fragmented coronoid process and incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle in a rottweiler.

OBJECTIVE: To describe incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle and fragmentation of the medial coronoid process in a Rottweiler. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical report. ANIMAL POPULATION: A 4-year-old sexually intact male Rottweiler. METHODS: Physical examination, radiography, and computed tomography of both elbow joints were performed initially. Drill holes were made across the humeral condyle to promote ossification. Radiography and computed tomography were repeated 14 weeks later. Radiography was repeated 15 months later. A mild intermittent lameness remained. RESULTS: Preoperatively a radiolucent line was present across the right humeral condyle. This radiolucent line remained unchanged 14 weeks after drill holes were made across the condyle. CONCLUSIONS: Incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle is present in Rottweilers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle is present in Rottweilers and may coexist with fragmentation of the medial coronoid process in that breed. The radiographic diagnosis may be difficult because precise positioning is required to see the area of incomplete ossification. Computed tomography may be required to confirm the presence of incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle. Drilling holes across the humeral condyle does not appear to lead to union of the area of incomplete ossification.

Animals↗