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Biomedical subjects

D J Shanley

Publications and source records attributed to D J Shanley.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Intracranial and extracranial complications of acute mastoiditis: evaluation with computed tomography.

The incidence of acute mastoiditis has decreased significantly because we can effectively treat otitis media with oral antibiotics. Inadequate or delayed treatment of otitis predisposes to the development of mastoiditis and more serious, life-threatening complications. Extension of the infectious process beyond the mastoid system can lead to a variety of intracranial and extracranial complications including meningitis, epidural and intracerebral abscesses, vascular thrombosis, osteomyelitis, and abscesses deep within the neck. Signs of clinical deterioration in a patient with otitis media should indicate to the general practitioner that a more serious condition is evolving and surgical intervention may be necessary. Computed tomography is considered the imaging modality of choice for patients with acute mastoiditis because it can define clearly the regional anatomy and provide important diagnostic information.

Abscess↗
PubMed1991

MRI diagnosis of delayed presentation of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia.

Traumatic rupture of the diaphragm may go unrecognized in patients with multiple injuries to the abdomen and chest. The majority of undiagnosed diaphragmatic ruptures will eventually become symptomatic and are associated with a high mortality rate if not treated immediately. Multiplanar imaging with magnetic resonance (MR) provided a definitive diagnosis of delayed presentation of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Osteosarcoma with isolated metastases to the pleura.

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary skeletal malignancy of childhood, typically occurring between the ages of 10 and 20. The classic radiographic appearance is that of a mixed lytic and sclerotic lesion originating in the metaphysis of the long bones with cortical destruction, periostitis, and an associated soft tissue mass. Metastatic disease to the lungs is an important prognostic indicator and is found in the majority of patients dying of the disease. We present a child with osteosarcoma of the distal femur who developed extensive metastatic disease involving the chest pleura bilaterally with no other sites of involvement.

Child↗
PubMed1991

The scintigraphic "duodenal cut off sign" in acute pancreatitis.

Acute pancreatitis is a dreaded complication of biliary calculus disease, and several radiographic signs have been reported in association with this condition. We report a new sign demonstrated on hepatobiliary scintigraphy, the duodenal cut off sign, seen in a patient being evaluated for stone disease and later found to have acute pancreatitis. Hepatobiliary scans are commonly performed during the initial evaluation of patients with suspected calculus disease, and visualization of this sign may indicate to the clinician that he is dealing with a more serious condition.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Spontaneous pneumothorax in AIDS patients with recurrent Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia despite aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis.

Aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) may predispose these patients to recurrent apical Pneumocystis infection. Bullous changes and pulmonary cysts develop in the lung apices due to repeated episodes of inflammation and cytotoxic effects of HIV on pulmonary macrophages. These changes progress despite prophylaxis against recurrent Pneumocystis infection with aerosolized pentamidine, increasing the risk of spontaneous pneumothorax. Two cases are presented of bilateral pneumothoraces in patients with AIDS and recurrent P carinii pneumonia despite aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis. Patients receiving aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia appear to have an increased risk of pneumothorax due to recurrent apical infections with P carinii.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Osteochondrosis dissecans of the glenoid.

Osteochondrosis dissecans of the glenoid is a rare condition that has been mentioned only once in the literature, by Lavner in 1947. Trauma is generally accepted as a cause of this disorder. Injury produces an ischemic insult to the subchondral bone and possible loose body formation if fragmentation of the articular surface occurs. Endocrine abnormalities, genetic influences, and the presence of anomalous centers of ossification may also contribute to the development of this condition. We present two patients whose clinical histories indicate a traumatic etiology of osteochondrosis dissecans of the glenoid. We also discuss the radiological, clinical, and etiological features of this entity.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Transformation by Rous sarcoma virus induces similar patterns of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in chick embryo skin fibroblasts and vertebral chondroblasts.

Chick embryo skin fibroblasts and vertebral chondroblasts were infected with a temperature-sensitive mutant of Rous sarcoma virus, LA24A, and were grown at permissive (36 degrees C) and nonpermissive (41 degrees C) temperatures. During exponential growth, infected and parallel uninfected cultures were labeled with D-[3H]glucosamine, and newly synthesized glycosaminoglycans were identified by anion exchange chromatography and by selective enzymatic and chemical degradations. Control fibroblasts synthesized low levels of hyaluronic acid (HA), and dermatan sulfate (DS), moderate levels of heparan sulfate (HS), and high levels of chondroitin sulfate (CS). In contrast, control chondroblasts synthesized very low levels of HA and DS, no HS, and very high levels of CS. Following transformation and growth at 36 degrees C, both cell types showed a dramatic increase in HA synthesis and a significant decrease in CS synthesis. In addition, transformed chondroblasts initiated the synthesis of HS and increased their synthesis of DS to levels that matched those of transformed fibroblasts. The CS chains synthesized by control chondroblasts were partially undersulfated, while those synthesized by both normal and transformed fibroblasts were fully sulfated. Upon transformation, chondroblasts grown at 36 degrees C initiated the synthesis of fully sulfated CS chains. Most of the above biosynthetic alterations were completely reversed when infected cells were grown at 41 degrees C, indicating that they were dependent on the transforming gene product of LA24A. Clearly, the profound differences that distinguish normal fibroblasts from normal chondroblasts are lost upon transformation, and these two types of terminally differentiated cells converge toward a common, though not identical, biosynthetic program for glycosaminoglycans.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Immunological characterization of the major chick cartilage proteoglycan and its intracellular localization in cultured chondroblasts: a comparison with Type II procollagen.

Polyclonal antibodies were raised in a rabbit against the major proteoglycan of chick sternal cartilage. A total of six antisera was obtained, three after the first booster injection (A1, A2, and A3) and three after the second booster injection (A4, A5, and A6). The A1 antiserum, which was characterized in most detail, immunoprecipitated native as well as chondroitinase ABC-digested or chondroitinase ABC/keratanase-digested cartilage proteoglycan synthesized by cultured chick chondroblasts, but failed to immunoprecipitate the major proteoglycan synthesized by chick skin fibroblasts. This antiserum was also able to immunoprecipitate the cartilage proteoglycan core protein newly synthesized by cultured chondroblasts, but no other major cell protein. However, the late bleed antisera obtained from the same rabbit after a second booster injection reacted with a new chondroblast-specific polypeptide(s) of approximately 60,000 mol wt in addition to the cartilage proteoglycan. By immunofluorescence procedures, the A1 antiserum stained the extracellular proteoglycan matrix of cultured chondroblasts but not that of skin fibroblasts. Following enzymatic removal of the extracellular matrix and cell membrane permeabilization, this antiserum stained primarily a large, juxtanuclear structure. Additional radioautographic evidence suggests that this structure represents the Golgi complex. Similar immunofluorescent staining with antibodies to the cartilage-characteristic Type II collagen revealed that type II procollagen was localized in numerous cytoplasmic, vacuole-like structures which were scattered throughout most of the chondroblast cytoplasm but were notably scanty in the Golgi complex area. In conclusion, our data suggest the transit of the major cartilage proteoglycan through the Golgi complex of cultured chondroblasts and possible differences in the intracellular distribution of newly synthesized cartilage proteoglycan and Type II procollagen.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mesenteric cyst with milk of calcium.

A mesenteric cyst with milk of calcium in an adult patient is presented. Preoperative evaluation included plain film, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To our knowledge, the presence of milk of calcium in a mesenteric cyst has not been previously described.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Choledochal cyst complicating pregnancy: antepartum diagnosis with MRI.

Choledochal cyst presenting during pregnancy is a rare condition, associated with potentially life-threatening complications for both the mother and developing fetus. Clinical symptoms are nonspecific, and radiographic evaluation is complicated by the presence of the gravid uterus. The authors describe a 34-year-old pregnant female presenting in the third trimester with obstructive jaundice and a right upper quadrant mass. Multiplanar and multisequence imaging with MR established the antepartum diagnosis of choledochal cyst, avoiding the use of ionizing radiation during pregnancy.

Adult↗