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Biomedical subjects

D Köhler

Publications and source records attributed to D Köhler.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Pelvimetry by digital radiography and its dosimetry.

Sonography is firmly established in obstetrics as the method of choice for the localization of fetus and placenta. However, for the determination of pelvic dimensions sonography does not suffice. Thus, for a few strictly selected indications conventional x-ray pelvimetry is used. This has the disadvantage of the relatively high radiation dose for the fetus and the maternal gonads. Since the introduction of digital radiography, there is the alternative of digital pelvimetry. We performed dosimetry comparing digital and conventional radiography with the new high amplifying screens (Quanta III, Dupont) using an ionization dosimeter and a wax phantom. The radiation dose of digital radiography was 24 mu Gy. This corresponds to about 15% of a comparable conventional exposure (177 mu Gy). A further advantage of digital radiography is a standardized and rapid exposure technique; furthermore pelvic dimensions can be measured directly. The disadvantages are the poorer spacial resolution and poor image quality in obese patients. Digital radiography because of its lower radiation dose is suitable for pelvimetry for special indications.

Computers↗
PubMed1985

[Detection of regional hypertrophy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with ECG triggered nuclear magnetic resonance tomography--comparison with hypertensive patients and persons with healthy hearts].

Gated magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) was conducted in 40 patients (13 normal volunteers, 9 hypertensives and 18 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) using a 0.35 Tesla superconducting magnet. Multisectional spin echo imaging (35/400 msec) was obtained in coronal, transversal and sagittal planes. Myocardial wall thickness was measured in different segments and the three groups were compared to each other. 15/18 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) had asymmetrical regional thickening involving the septum and the anterior wall, in 8/15 the lateral wall was also hypertrophic. The distribution pattern in 3/15 patients with HCM was symmetric. Involvement of the right ventricle was found in 14/18 patients with HCM. There were significant differences (p less than 0.001) in wall thickness for the septal segment in all three groups and for the ratio septal to posterior wall between the HCM and the hypertensives and the normal volunteers. We conclude that MRT can differentiate HCM from hypertensives and normals, and is superior to echocardiographic imaging in the evaluation of the distribution of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Mucociliary clearance and airways obstruction in smokers, ex-smokers and normal subjects who never smoked.

On 17 ex-smokers (7 without chronic bronchitis, 10 with chronic bronchitis) and 48 smokers (13 without chronic bronchitis, 35 with chronic bronchitis) we analyzed the correlation between smoking habits (pack years, smoking and ex-smoking time), mucociliary clearance rate (mC) and airways obstruction. The mC was measured with 99mTc tagged monodisperse erythrocytes. The static and dynamic lung volumes, the maximal expiratory flow volume curve and the airway resistance were measured by whole body plethysmography. The ex-smokers without chronic bronchitis showed the same mucociliary clearance rate (t-mC in 1 h = 38.3 +/- 10.3%) as the 80 control subjects who never smoked (t-mC in 1 h = 36.9 +/- 12.6%). But the subjects who never smoked showed less airway obstruction. The mucociliary clearance rate in normal subjects who never smoked is a function of age: t-mC in 1 h = -0.37 X age + 53; c-mC in 1 h = -0.45 X age + 73; p-mC in 1 h = -0.25 X age + 38. The smokers without chronic bronchitis showed normal ventilatory function tests but a lower mC rate (t-mC in 1 h = 27.8 +/- 12.3%) than the healthy ex-smokers and the control subjects who never smoked (p less than 0.01). The ex-smokers and smokers with chronic bronchitis had a lower mC rate (t-mC in 1 h = 21.2 +/- 11.3% and 18.1 +/- 9.1) and more airway obstruction (p less than 0.001) than the subjects who did not report any symptoms of chronic bronchitis. The ex-smokers with persistent symptoms of chronic bronchitis showed the severest degree of airways obstruction. The smokers with chronic bronchitis showed the most delayed central mC (c-mC) rate, but less airway obstruction than the ex-smokers with persistent symptoms of chronic bronchitis. The smoking habits (pack years) correlated with the decreased mC rate (p less than 0.01) and the degree of airways obstruction (p less than 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Diagnosis of kidney diseases with magnetic resonance tomography including the use of nuclear magnetic resonance contrast media].

Magnetic resonance imaging of normal and pathological kidneys and the method of examination are demonstrated. The anatomy of the kidneys is excellently displayed by means of magnetic resonance imaging which can also distinguish between the renal cortex and renal medulla. Renal tumors and cysts can easily be recognized and differentiated by means of magnetic resonance imaging and the extension of the tumor (staging) can be defined. The principles of magnetic resonance imaging contrast media are described as well as the primary results obtained from administration of contrast media in volunteers. At the present time, ultrasound and computed tomography are the first imaging methods in recognition and differentiation of space occupying lesions of the kidneys. Magnetic resonance imaging should only be utilised in complicated cases, e.g. haemorrhagic cysts or when computed tomographic results show a suspected tumor invasion of the renal vein or tumor thrombus in the vena cava.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1984

[The connections between smoking, mucociliary clearance and airway obstruction].

The connection between smoking habits (pack years, smoker and ex-smoker period), mucociliary clearance (mC) and the obstruction of the respiratory passages was investigated in 17 ex-smokers (7 without bronchitis; 10 with bronchitis) and 48 smokers (13 without bronchitis; 35 with bronchitis). The ex-smokers without chronic bronchitis showed the same clearing behaviour as the healthy non-smokers, but the non-smokers did not have the least obstruction of the respiratory system. The smokers without chronic bronchitis showed a normal lung function, but a worse clearing behaviour than the healthy non- and ex-smokers (p less than 0,01). Compared to volunteers without bronchitic symptoms the ex-smokers and smokers with chronic bronchitis had a bad clearing behaviour (p less than 0,001) and a distinctly obstructive ventilation disorder. Furthermore, it was noticeable that the ex-smokers with persistent bronchitis showed the worst respiratory system obstructions, whilst the smokers with chronic bronchitis had the greatest restriction of the central mC (c-mC) with less respiratory system obstruction than the ex-smokers with chronic bronchitis. The smoking habits (pack years) correlated with the decrease of the mC (p less than 0,01) and the grade of the respiratory system obstruction (p less than 0,001).

Bronchitis↗
PubMed1984

Objective evaluation of dextromethorphan and glaucine as antitussive agents.

Twenty-four inpatients affected by chronic cough completed a single-dose double-blind cross-over study of placebo, glaucine 30 mg and dextromethorphan 30 mg. The study was carried out using a balanced incomplete block design, each patient receiving two of the three experimental treatments. Objective evaluation of cough was ensured by means of a writing cough recorder. Coughs after dextromethorphan and glaucine were fewer than coughs after placebo: however only glaucine was significantly different from placebo in reducing coughs. Treatments were well tolerated: clinical results included a reduction in pulse rate after both dextromethorphan and glaucine , and a large number of patients reporting side effects after dextromethorphan administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Suspected herniated disk--differential diagnostic case studies by lumbar CT].

The most common reason a patient is referred for spinal CT examination is to exclude a ruptured intervertebral disc. Besides nerve root entrapment due to herniated disc, a number of unusual or unexpected conditions have been encountered in the course of CT lumbar spine studies. These include spondylolisthesis, spinal dysraphism, Paget's disease, and inflammatory, neoplastic, or metastatic lesions. The application of spinal (small-circle) target imaging includes the risk to overlook soft tissue lesions that extend beyond the reconstruction circle. Therefore, complete (large-circle) circumferential abdominal scanning is recommended in case of a suspected extraspinal cause of sciatica.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Arterial digital subtraction angiography for visualizing hemodialysis shunts].

Intraarterial application of contrast medium in digital video subtraction angiography was used to visualize chronic haemodialysis arteriovenous shunts. Patient compliance could be enhanced by the use of small volumes of non ionic contrast medium (3 ml/inj.), and the use off thin needles. The diagnostic reliability was excellent for all 25 examinations.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Stimulation of limited sperm motility and mucociliary clearance of the lung with theophyllin-ethylendiamin].

The influence of oral aminophylline (Phyllotemp ret., 2 X 225 mg) on the mucociliary clearance of the lung and on sperm motility was examined in 13 patients with asthenospermia vs. placebo because the anatomic structure of the cilia of the sperm cells and of the respiratory epithelium cells is similar. The mucociliary clearance was measured by means of radioactive tagged (99 mTc) monodisperse particles (erythrocytes from the patients). To attain a reproducible deposition pattern, the particles were inhaled during a slow inspiratory vital capacity maneuvre. The i.v. application of aminophylline (6 mg/kg body weight) to four normal subjects increased the mucociliary clearance in three of the four volunteers vs. placebo. The elimination rate of the particles increased under treatment with aminophylline from 29% +/- 12% to 46% +/- 19%, but only in seven of the 13 patients with asthenospermia. Sperm motility increased in all of the patients from 33% +/- 12% to 54% +/- 14%. No correlation was found between the increase in the mucociliary clearance and the sperm motility. The reasons for this difference will be discussed. Theophylline can be recommended for the treatment of male infertility in cases of asthenospermia.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1983

Prenatal toxic effects of STS 557. II. Investigation in rabbits--preliminary results.

The synthetic steroid STS 557 (17 alpha-cyanomethyl-17 beta-hydroxy-estra-4, 9-dien-3-one) was tested in gravid rabbits from days 5 to 25 p.c. It was the aim of the experiments to investigate any embryotoxic and/or teratogenic effect of STS 557. The compound did not show any effects on the mothers nor on the fetuses. Levonorgestrel was tested as standard.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1983

[Computer tomographic and echocardiographic diagnosis of intracardial space occupying masses].

Nineteen patients suspected of having intracavitary masses were examined by echo-cardiography and computer tomography. One 1 cm. thrombus on the mitral valve could be demonstrated only on the echo-cardiogram and was interpreted as a tumour. Both CT and echo-cardiograms produced occasional false negative findings with cardiac thrombi, which were ultimately diagnosed by the other method or by ventriculography. Differentiation between a thrombus and a tumour depends essentially on its localisation and on the history, and some morphological criteria. Echo-cardiography and densitometric measurements did not assist in the differential diagnosis. CT may be able to differentiate thrombus from tumour if the latter contained fat or has become cystic.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Mucociliary clearance in patients with chronic bronchitis and bronchial carcinoma.

We measured the mucociliary clearance rates and lung function data of 40 normal subjects, of 30 smokers with chronic bronchitis and of 64 patients with bronchial carcinoma. The mucociliary clearance rate of cancer patients was significantly lower than that of normal subjects and of patients with chronic bronchitis who smoked the same amount of cigarettes. The fast clearing phase of the central bronchial tree is more delayed than the peripheral mucociliary clearance rate in smokers with and without carcinoma. With our mucociliary clearance measurement we assessed the self-cleaning filter function of about the first 10 generations of the branching bronchial tree where also most bronchial carcinomas develop. The correlation between lung function data (MMEF) and smoking habits is much better (r = 0.73) than with the measured mucociliary clearance rates (r = 0.3), suggesting that inborn errors of mucociliary transport are nearly as important as external lung damage due to smoking and infection in the development of chronic bronchitis and bronchial carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Surveillance of pelagic birds for influenza A viruses.

Within a 4-year surveillance period for influenza A virus in pelagic birds, 351 influenza A strains were isolated from the trachea or cloaca of 3344 apparently healthy ducks, gulls, swans, terns and geese. The isolated influenza A viruses represent 14 subtypes. Their haemagglutinins (HA) were mainly related to avian HA, but also to the human HA H2 and to the swine HA Hswl. The neuraminidases (NA) were identified as avian, equine and human NA. The isolated influenza A strains include fowl plague-like viruses Havl Neql, strains with the surface antigen Hswl Nav4 and the subtype Hav7 Navl isolated from unconcentrated water samples. A subtype unknown to date, with the antigen formula H2 Nav4, was isolated from ducks. 8.2% of pekin ducks showed dual infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Ventilation scintigraphy of the lung with 99mTc-DTPA or with 99mTc-sulfur colloid?].

Ventilation scintigraphy of the lung, obtained with sufficiently small 99mTc-labelled aerosol particles, provides an image of ventilation distribution that is acceptable in clinical routine. Whether 99mTc-DTPA or 99mTc-sulfur colloid is more suitable as a carrier was studied in 6 smokers and 8 non-smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 99mTc-sulfur colloid was not absorbed by the bronchial mucosa and therefore appears to be an almost ideal agent. In contrast, 99mTc-DTPA was absorbed by the bronchial mucosa in all smoking patients more rapidly and inhomogenously than in non-smokers. The quantitative and qualitative comparison of the two dorsal ventilation scans taken both immediately after inhalation and 20 min later, showed in all 6 smoking patients after 20 min significant differences which influenced the diagnosis result. 99mTC-DTPA is therefore not recommended for use in ventilation lung scintigraphy, especially in smoking patients.

Adolescent↗